IoT 네트워크에서의 심층 강화학습 기반 저전력 버퍼 관리 기법에 관한 연구

송태원 한국사물인터넷학회 2022 한국사물인터넷학회 논문지 Vol.8 No.4

As the number of IoT devices increases, power management of the cluster head, which acts as a gateway between the cluster and sink nodes in the IoT network, becomes crucial. Particularly when the cluster head is a mobile wireless terminal, the power consumption of the IoT network must be minimized over its lifetime. In addition, the delay of information transmission in the IoT network is one of the primary metrics for rapid information collecting in the IoT network. In this paper, we propose a low-power buffer management algorithm that takes into account the information transmission delay in an IoT network. By forwarding or skipping received packets utilizing deep Q learning employed in deep reinforcement learning methods, the suggested method is able to reduce power consumption while decreasing transmission delay level. The proposed approach is demonstrated to reduce power consumption and to improve delay relative to the existing buffer management technique used as a comparison in slotted ALOHA protocol. IoT 네트워크에서 클러스터와 싱크 노드 사이의 게이트웨이 역할을 하는 클러스터 헤드의 전력 관리는 IoT 단말의 수가 증가함에 따라 점점 더 중요해지고 있다. 특히 클러스터 헤드가 이동성을 가진 무선 단말인 경우, IoT 네트워크의 수명을 위하여 전력 소모를 최소화할 필요가 있다. 또한 IoT 네트워크에서의 전송 딜레이는 IoT 네트워크에서의 빠른 정보 수집을 위한 주요한 척도 중 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 IoT 네트워크에서 정보의 전송 딜레이를 고려한 저전력 버퍼 관리 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법에서는 심층 강화학습 방법에서 사용되는 심층 Q 학습(Deep Q learning)를 사용하여 수신된 패킷을 포워딩하거나 폐기함으로써 전송 딜레이를 줄이면서도 소비 전력을 절약할 수 있다. 제안한 알고리즘은 비교에 사용된 기존 버퍼 관리 기법과 비교하여 Slotted ALOHA 프로토콜 기준 소모 전력 및딜레이를 개선함을 보였다.

Diagnostic Decision Points of Specific IgE Titers in Patients With Food Allergy: Are They Appropriate in All Clinical Settings?

송태원 대한천식알레르기학회 2015 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.7 No.4

청열사습탕(淸熱瀉濕湯)이 Ethanol중독(中毒) 흰쥐(白鼠)의 뇨산(尿酸), 효소활성(酵素活性) 및 조직변화(組織變化)에 미치는 영향(影響)

송태원,이철완 한방재활의학과학회 1995 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.5 No.1

이학적(理學的) 자극인자(刺戟因子)와 오행(五行)과의 비교연구(比較硏究)

송태원,이철완,Song, Tae-Won,Lee, Cheol-Wan 대전대학교 한의학연구소 1992 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.2

단축적법의 개선에 의한 축류압축기의 효과적인 성능예측

송태원,김재환,김동섭,노승탁,Song, Tae-Won,Kim, Jae-Hwan,Kim, Tong-Seop,Ro, Sung-Tack 대한기계학회 2000 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.24 No.8

In this work, a modified stage-stacking method for the performance prediction of multi-stage axial flow compressors is proposed. The method is based on a simultaneous calculation of all interstage variables (temperature, pressure, flow velocity) instead of the conventional sequential stage-by-stage scheme. The method is also very useful in simulating the effect of changing angles of the inlet guide vane and stator vanes on the compressor operating characteristics. Generalized stage performance curves are used in presenting the performance characteristics of each stage. General assumptions enable determination of flow path data and stage design performance. Performance of various real compressors is predicted and comparison between prediction and field data validates the usefulness of the present method.

해석적 방법을 이용한 가스터빈 축류 압축기의 파울링 현상 해석

송태원,김동섭,김재환,손정락,노승탁,Song, Tae-Won,Kim, Dong-Seop,Kim, Jae-Hwan,Son, Jeong-Rak,No, Seung-Tak 대한기계학회 2001 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.25 No.12

The performance of gas turbines is decreased as their operating hours increase. Fouling in the axial compressor is one of main reasons for the performance degradation of gas turbine. Airborne particles entering with air at the inlet into compressor adhere to the blade surface and result in the change of the blade shape, which is closely and sensitively related to the compressor performance. It is difficult to exactly analyze the mechanism of the compressor fouling because the growing process of the fouling is very slow and the dimension of the fouled depth on the blade surface is very small compared with blade dimensions. In this study, an improved analytic method to predict the motion of particles in compressor cascades and their deposition onto blade is proposed. Simulations using proposed method and their comparison with field data demonstrate the feasibility of the model. It if found that some important parameters such as chord length, solidity and number of stages, which represent the characteristics of compressor geometry, are closely related to the fouling phenomena. And, the particle sloe and patterns of their distributions are also Important factors to predict the fouling phenomena in the axial compressor of the gas turbine.

일반지주회사의 금융사 지분 소유제한에 대한 일고

송태원 충북대학교 법학연구소 2018 法學硏究 Vol.29 No.1

The restriction on holding shares of financial company for a general holding company is included in the regulations on separation of finance and commerce under the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act in order to restrain intensive economic power. For the purpose of restraining intensive economic power as well as promoting simplification and corporate restructuring of conglomerate’s governance structure, the related discussion on easing the regulation for establishing holding company and promoting conversion has been continued. The regulation on separation of finance and commerce is necessary, when finance and commerce is combined yielding a conglomerate take control of the capital, to prevent financial capital from being privatized and damaging the publicness of financial capital, and pulling down the stability of financial capital by insolvency of both industrial and financial capital. It is a core principle that the financial sector plays a role as an activator of fund brokerage and a promoter of innovation. However, the regulations have been applied differently to banking and non-banking industry while recently ‘group-wide supervision’ is being prepared as one of the measures to secure the safety of financial system. It is expected that regular eligibility evaluation for major shareholders and regulations for asset management would be more likely and exquisitely utilized rather than an advance ban on holding taking shares for the industry of insurance and financial investment. It then might be an option to apply the same standards to the issue of regulation on general holding company to take shares of financial entity under the frame work of comprehensive supervision for financial conglomerates. Surely the regulation on general holding company to take shares of financial entity shall take not only the principle of separation of industrial and financial capital but also restraining intensive economic power into consideration. In other words, a general holding company’s taking shares of financial company shall be also evaluated for what degree of the related governance is ranging and yielding any additional risk and harmful effect is being created by the intensive economic power.

원적외선(遠赤外線)의 효능(效能)에 대(對)한 검증방법(檢證方法)과 임상적(臨床的) 활용방안(活用方案)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

송태원,이철완,Song, Tae-Won,Lee, Cheol-Wan 대전대학교 한의학연구소 1995 혜화의학회지 Vol.4 No.1

검색광고 유통시장의 경쟁과 광고주의 경제적 이익 보호에 관한 일고

송태원 아주대학교 법학연구소 2018 아주법학 Vol.11 No.4

Search advertisement is a mean to create a point of contact with consumers with very low cost for small & medium size businesses. Due to its relatively low cost benefit comparing to that of conventional media, it became a major advertisement tool for small & medium size businesses. It is necessary for competition in the search advertisement market to be more vitalized for promoting the betterment of advertisers. However, it has been pointed out that the cost of advertisement in the search advertisement, where the prices are set based on competitive bid system, is settled at an excessively high rate than optimal level. It is a systematic problem of internet platforms where competition among media is not intense but that among advertisers is fierce. Therefore, it is easy to assume that advertisement media including internet portal sites may exploit and abuse their superior positions, but it is realistically impossible to regulate them based on the excessive pricing since optimal price is too difficult to presume under this competitive environment. Apart from the foregoing, the compensation structure for agencies in the search advertisement market is set by media companies, thus the competition among agencies, who provide service to their advertisers, is limited since the media decides the rates for the advertisement management uniformly. To solve the foregoing, it is essential to improve the compensation system for agencies in order to create environment where competition for advertisement management service towards advertisers is to be more vitalized. This study is to contribute in vitalizing competition in search advertisement market and promoting the betterment of small and medium size advertisers. 검색광고는 소규모 사업자들이 낮은 비용으로 구매자와의 접점을 만들 수 있는 광고수단이다. TV, 라디오, 신문 등 전통적인 미디어에 기반한 광고보다 적은 비용이 소요되어 중소형 사업자들이 주로 활용하는 광고수단으로 자리매김하고 있다. 광고주의 경제적 이익을 위하여 검색광고 유통시장의 경쟁이 활성화 되어야 하는 것은 분명하 다. 그런데 경매방식으로 광고주의 지불가격이 결정되는 구조상 검색광고시장에서는 광고주들간 경쟁으로 광고비가 적정수준보다 과도하게 높게 책정된다는 지적이 있다. 이는 인터넷 플랫폼 시장의 구조적인 문제로 매체사간 서비스 공급경쟁은 치열하지 않은 반면, 한정된 공간에서 광고주들간 구매경쟁은 치열한 데에서 기인한다. 이를 가격남용행위로 규제할 수 있는지 문제될 수 있는데, 경쟁상황에서의 적정한 가격을 추정하기 어렵다는 점에서 가격남용행위로로 규제하기는 현실적으로 어려운 측면이 있다. 한편, 이와 별개로 검색광고 유통시장에서 대행사에 대한 보상구조는 매체사가 대행사들의 광고주에 대한 광고관리 대가를 일률적으로 결정하는 구조이어서 대행사의 광고주에 대한 서비스의 가격경쟁은 제한이 있는 상태이다. 이러한 경쟁제한의 문제를 해소하기 위해서는 대행사들의 광고주에 대한 서비스 제공 시장에서 경쟁이 이루어지 도록 대행사 보상구조를 개선하는 것이 필요할 수 있다. 본 글이 검색광고 유통시장에서 경쟁을 활성화하고 중소형 광고주의 이익을 증진하는데 일조하기를 기대한다.

아토피피부염 환아에서 혈청 TARC(Thymus andActivation-Regulated Chemokine)의 증가

송태원,권병철,최성연,신윤호,이경은,양혜선,김경원,김은수,손명현,김규언 대한 소아알레르기 호흡기학회 2005 Allergy Asthma & Respiratory Disease Vol.15 No.3

Purpose : Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine(TARC) is responsible for the trafficking of Th2 lymphocytes into sites of allergic inflammation. We tested whether TARC is a useful marker for childhood atopic dermatitis(AD) and we evaluated age-related differences in the level of TARC. Methods : Serum TARC level, serum total IgE level, total eosinophil count and specific IgE level were measured in 401 children. They were characterized as having IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis(n=157), non-IgE mediated atopic dermatitis(n=107), or as healthy control subjects(n=137). Results : TARC levels in AD significantly were higher than those in healthy control subjects.(152.9±11.6 vs 56.7±5.2 pg/mL, P<0.05) Serum TARC levels significantly correlated with disease severity(SCORAD index) both in children with IgE mediated AD(r=0.670, P< 0.05) and children with non-IgE mediated AD.(r=0.605, P<0.05) Serum TARC levels in control subjects decreased in accordance with age.(r=-0.201, P<0.05) Conclusion : Serum TARC might be a useful marker for disease severity both in children with IgE mediated AD and children with non-IgE mediated AD. Serum TARC levels in control subjects decreased in accordance with ages. 목 적 : TARC(thymus and activation-regulated chemokine)는 Th2 세포를 알레르기 염증이 발생한 장소로 이동시키는 역할을 하는 케모카인의 일종이다. 본 연구의 목적은 TARC가 소아의 아토피피부염을 진단하고 중증도를 선별하는 지표로 유용한지를 알아보고, 연령에 따른 TARC의 농도변화를 알아보고자 한다.방 법 : IgE 매개성 아토피피부염 환아 157명, 비 IgE 매개성 아토피피부염 환아 107명, 정상 대조군 137명을 대상으로 혈청 TARC의 농도와 총 IgE 농도, 호산구수, 특이 IgE를 측정하였다.결 과 : 아토피피부염 환아에서 혈청 TARC의 농도는 정상대조군의 환아들에 비해 유의하게 높았다.(152.9±11.6 vs 56.7±5.2 pg/mL, P< 0.05) 혈청 TARC의 농도는 IgE 매개성 아토피피부염 환아(r=0.670, P<0.05)와 비 IgE 매개성 아토피피부염 환아(r=0.605, P<0.05) 모두에서 질병의 중증도와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 정상 대조군에서 혈청TARC의 농도는 연령의 증가에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다.(r=-0.201, P<0.05)결 론:본 연구에서 소아의 IgE 매개성 아토피피부염과 비 IgE 매개성 아토피피부염 모두에서 혈청 TARC의 농도가 질병의 진단 및 중증도 평가에 객관적인 지표로 사용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 정상 대조군에서 혈청 TARC의 농도가 연령의 증가에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다.