12잡가 형장가 연구

송은주(Eun-joo, Song) 한국국악교육학회 2011 국악교육 Vol.32 No.32

본 논문은 <12잡가>중 한곡인 ‘형장가(刑杖歌)’를 연구하였다. ‘20세기 초 ‘형장가’’와 ‘현행 ‘형장가’’를 비교 대상으로 삼아 사설과 음악의 공통점과 차이점, 변화양상 등을 분석하였다. <12잡가>의 출현은 19세기부터지만 <12잡가> 12곡이 모두 완성된 것은 20세기 중반이며 ‘형장가’ 는 20세기 초에 나타난다. ‘형장가’의 연구를 위해 20세기 초 <12잡가> 사설을 수록한 『한국속가전집』, 20세기 초?중반의 <12잡가> 사설과 악보를 수록한 『?잡가악보집』?, 현행 <12잡가> 사설과 악보를 수록한 『경기12잡가』가 연구 자료로 사용 되었다. II장에서 ‘형장가’ 사설의 공통점과 차이점, 변화양상을 분석하였다. ‘형장가’ 사설의 내용 변화는 1번 나타난다. 내용 변화의 양상은 ‘가사의 첨삭’과 ‘내용의 순서 변화’이다. 사설의 어휘 차이 양상은 다섯 군데로 ‘고어의 현대어 교체, 종결어미의 교체, 연결어미의 교체, 감탄사의 교체, 어미의 교체’, 등으로 다양하게 나타난다. ‘형장가’ 어휘 차이의 뚜렷한 규칙성은 없으며, 다만 『?한국속가전집』?의 고어(古語) 표기가 『?잡가악보집』?, 『?경기12잡가』?에서는 현대어 표기로 바뀐 것이 특징이다. 사설의 내용 변화와 어휘 차이의 양상을 분석해 볼 때, 『?한국속가전집』?에서 『잡가악보집』, 『경기12잡가』에 이르기까지 ‘형장가’ 사설의 어휘 차이는 거의 없으며 『?한국속가전집』?에는 없던 사설이 『잡가악보집』과 『?경기12잡가』?에 나타난다. ‘가사의 첨삭’으로 내용상으로는 판소리 <춘향가>의 한부분이지만 독립된 곡으로써 <12잡가> ‘형장가’의 완성도를 높였다. III장에서 ‘형장가’의 장단과 말붙임을 살펴보았다. ‘형장가’에 나타나는 장단은 모두 두 종류로 사용하는 장단은 ‘느린6박장단’, ‘빠른6박장단’이다. 『잡가악보집』과 『경기12잡가』에 수록된 ‘형장가’ 장단의 종류와 전체 장단수는 같다. 그러므로 ‘형장가’는 장단에 있어서 변화가 없다. 다음으로 ‘형장가’의 말붙임과 말붙임의 유형을 살펴보았다. ‘형장가’에 나타나는 말붙임 유형은 ???, ??? 두 종류이다. ‘형장가’ 각 장단의 첫 박에는 주로 ??? 유형이 나타났다. ‘형장가’는 주로 첫 박과 넷째 박에 말붙임이 있다. 첫 박과 넷째 박은 모두 북편에 해당하므로 ‘형장가’의 말붙임은 북편에 있다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 사실을 근거로 ‘형장가’는 어단성장(語短聲長)의 영향을 받은 노래임을 알 수 있다. IV장에서 ‘형장가’의 악곡구분 및 출현음과 종지음을 살펴보았다. ‘형장가’는 유절형식의 후렴구가 없는 곡이다. 『잡가악보집』과 『경기12잡가』?‘형장가’의 출현음은 ‘G<SUB>3</SUB>, A<SUB>3</SUB>, D<SUB>4</SUB>, F<SUB>4</SUB>, G<SUB>4</SUB>, A<SUB>4</SUB>’의 6음으로 두 가집의 출현음은 같았다. 출현음의 음정은 ‘장2도+완전4도+단3도+장2도+장2도’이다. 중심음은 ‘D<SUB>4</SUB>’이며 종지음은 ‘G<SUB>3</SUB>’로 하행종지 하였다. 두 가집의 출현음, 주요음, 중심음은 모두 같다. ‘형장가’의 주요음은 ‘G<SUB>3</SUB>, D<SUB>4</SUB>, F<SUB>4</SUB>, G<SUB>4</SUB>’이다. 주요음의 음정은 ‘완전5도+단3도+장2도’로 진행하며 음간의 도약이 있어 ‘형장가’는 <12잡가>중 다이나믹한 선율을 느낄 수 있는 곡이다. ‘형장가’는 서정적인 선율과 변화 있는 장단으로 엮은 <12잡가>로 시대적으로 살펴보면 사설의 변화가 나타났고 장단, 출현음, 중심음, 종지음의 변화는 없었다. ‘형장가’ 곡 안에서의 장단은 ‘느린6박장단’에서 ‘빠른6박장단’으로 변화했으며 출현음과 종지음의 변화는 없었다. ‘형장가’는 판소리 <춘향가>중 한 대목을 확대하여 인생의 희노애락(喜怒哀樂)과 애증(愛憎)의 감정을 장단의 변화로 표현한 절제된 <12잡가>이다. This study examined ‘Hyeogjangga(刑杖歌, Song at the Execution Ground)’, a piece of music among <Twelve Japga(十二雜歌)>. This study analyzed common factors and differences in narration and music as well as the transformational aspects by comparing the early 20th century ‘Hyeogjangga’ and ‘current Hyeogjangga’. <Twelve Japga> started from the 19th century but 12 songs of <Twelve Japga> were completed in the middle 20th century, and ‘Hyeogjangga’ appeared in the early 20th century. For the analysis of ‘Hyeogjangga’, this study used 『Korean Popular Song Collection』 ?with the early and middle 20th century <Twelve Japga> narration and music and 『Gyeonggi Twelve Japga(京畿十二雜歌)』 ?with current <Twelve Japga> narration and music. In chapter II, this study analyzed common factors and differences as well as the transformational aspects of ‘Hyeogjangga’ narration. The changes in ‘Hyeogjangga’ narration are seen once. The aspect of the changes is ‘addition and deletion of lyrics’ and ‘changes of order of content’. The aspect of vocabulary changes of narration is diversely seen as five types such as replacement of archaic word by modern language, replacement of sentence endings, replacement of connective endings, replacement of interjection, and replacement of endings. There is no certain regularity of differences in ‘Hyeogjangga’ vocabularies but archaic word of 『Korean Popular Song Collection』 ?has been changed to modern language in ?『Book of Japga(雜歌樂譜集)』 ?and 『Gyeonggi Twelve Japga』. According to the analysis of changes in contents of narration and differences of vocabularies, the changes of ‘Hyeogjangga’ narration are rarely seen. In chapter III, this study looked into rhythm and malbuchim of ‘Hyeogjangga’. Rhythms in ‘Hyeogjangga’ are two types of ‘slow 6-beat rhythm’ and ’fast 6-beat rhythm’. The type and the number of rhythms of ‘Hyeogjangga’ included in 『Book of Japga』 ?and 『Gyeonggi Twelve Japga』 ?are same. Therefore, there is no change in the rhythm of ‘Hyeogjangga’. Next, this study examined types of malbuchim of ‘Hyeogjangga’ and the types of malbuchim. The types of malbuchim in ‘Hyeogjangga’ are two ???, ???. The first beat of each rhythm in ‘Hyeogjangga’ is mostly ???. The first and the fourth beats of ‘Hyeogjangga’ are mostly malbuchim. The first and the fourth beats occur at bukpyeon so malbuchim of ‘Hyeogjangga’ is in the bukpyeon. Based on this fact, we know that ‘Hyeogjangga’ is affected by the Eodan-seongjang(語短聲長). In chapter IV, this study looked into the movements of music, the tone of appearance(出現音) and the tone of cadence(終止音) of ‘Hyeogjangga’. ‘Hyeogjangga’ has no stanzaic form of chorus. The tone of appearance of ‘Hyeogjangga’ in 『Book of Japga』 ?and 『Gyeonggi Twelve Japga』 ?is six sounds of ‘G<SUB>3</SUB>, A<SUB>3</SUB>, D<SUB>4</SUB>, F<SUB>4</SUB>, G<SUB>4</SUB>, A<SUB>4</SUB>’, and they are same as the tone of appearance(出現音) of the two music books. The tunes of tone of appearance(出現音) are ‘Major 2nd + Perfected 4th + Minor 3rd + Major 2nd + Major 2nd’. The tone of core(中心音) is ‘D<SUB>4</SUB>’ and the tone of cadence (終止音) of down cadence(下行終止) occurred as ‘G<SUB>3</SUB>’. These two music books show the same tone of appearance(出現音), the tone of importance(主要音) and the tone of core(中心音). The tone of importance(主要音) of ‘Hyeogjangga’ are ‘G<SUB>3</SUB>, D<SUB>4</SUB>, F<SUB>4</SUB>, G<SUB>4</SUB>’. The tune of the tone of importance(主要音) is conducted as ‘Perfected 5th + Minor 3rd + Major 2nd’ and there is a jump between sounds so ‘Hyeogjangga’ out of <Twelve Japga> shows a very dynamic melody. ‘Hyeogjangga’ is <Twelve Japga> with lyrical melodies and dynamic beats and shows narration changes by times but there is no change in beats, tone of appearance(出現音), the tone of core(中心音), and the tone of cadence(終止音). The be

뽕잎 분말 첨가 쌀 파스타 제조의 최적화에 관한 연구

송은주(Eun Ju Song),김기쁨(Ki Bbeum Kim),이광석(Kwang Suck Lee),최수근(Soo Keum Choi) 한국조리학회 2010 한국조리학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The purpose of this study is to develop fresh pasta added with mulberry leaf powder as functional fresh pasta. Through previous research, the mixture of 40% of flour and 60% of rice powder was optimum for making noodles with mulberry leaf powder. Making fresh pasta with 40% of wheat flour, 60% of rice powder (optimum ratio for making noodles) and mulberry leaf powder(0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%) was done, followed by the mechanical test(moisture content, color value, texture, tension) and the sensory analysis(quantitative descriptive analysis, preference test). Moisture contents of raw pasta and cooked pasta were the highest in control; scores for moisture contents of cooked pasta were higher than those of raw pasta. The result indicated that the more mulberry leaf powder was, the lower L-value and a-value were in raw pasta and cooked pasta. While the b-vale(yellowness) of raw pasta was the highest in control(9.81), 1.0% of mulberry powder addition sample was the highest in cooked pasta. For hardness, the 2.0% of mulberry leaf powder addition sample has high scores, and adhesiveness and chewiness were no significant difference. The 0.5% of mulberry leaf powder addition sample was the longest in tension distance, which was resulted from the lack of water contents in mulberry leaf powder. In cooked pasta, tension distance had no significant difference between the samples, and force showed the highest score in control. The quantitative descriptive analysis showed that color intensity, savory taste, bitterness were the highest in the 2.0% of mulberry leaf powder addition sample. Gloss and chewiness were no significant difference between the samples. Grassy flavor, savory flavor, bitterness and grainess were intense as mulberry leaf powder was added. The preference test showed that MRP 1.5 containing 1.5% of mulberry leaf powder was the most preferable for color, texture and overall quality. In conclusion, 40% of wheat flour, 60% of rice powder and 1.5% of mulberry leaf powder made the best formula of fresh pasta with mulberry leaves.

번역불가능성을 통한 비교문학의 재사유

송은주 ( Eun Ju Song ) 한국영미문화학회 2014 영미문화 Vol.14 No.2

This thesis aims to explore another possibility of comparative literature in the light of translation. Comparative literature has been criticized for its Eurocentrism to attempt to assimilate all differences from other cultures and national literatures into the frame of the Western. On the other hand, it has been haunted by the anxiety of “unhomliness”, which means it doesn`t have a stable and definable terrain as an independent disciplinary. However, it can offer the possibility to overcome its limitation and thematize in- betweenness of diverse terrains due to its fluid and ambiguous position and identity of discipline. When it deals with the issue of in- betweenness, ‘the Untranslatable’ can be an helpful apparatus to analyze comparative literature through translation theories. Along with the recent change in the study of comparative literature under the influence of transnationalism and hybridization, the role of translation which has been disregarded for a long time is being reevaluated. Translation functions to transfer literary works beyond boundaries of languages, whereas it visualizes incommensurable differences through the failure of finding ultimate equivalences between languages and arriving at one single meaning. The existence of the untranslatable suggests that the attempt to totalize differences is unfeasible, thereby makes comparison unending. Salman Rushdie`s Shalimar the Clown can be an appropriate instance that the untranslatable was used as a literary technique to show unreducible alterity of non-Western language and culture.

웹기반 멘토링 진로교육 프로그램이 고등부 특수학급 학생들의 진로계획 능력 및 진로결정 자기효능감에 미치는 영향

송은주 ( Eun Ju Song ),이숙향 ( Suk Hyang Lee ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2011 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.12 No.3

성인기 전환을 앞두고 있는 장애청소년들에게 자신의 진로를 준비하고 계획하도록 지도하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 고등부 특수학급에 재학 중인 실험집단 20명과 통제집단 20명의 학생들을 대상으로 웹기반 멘토링 진로교육 프로그램이 학생들의 진로계획 능력과 진로결정 자기효능감에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 연구 결과 통제집단에 비해 실험집단 학생들의 진로계획 능력과 진로결정 자기효능감이 유의하게 향상되었다. 이는 실험집단의 학생들이 웹을 통해 자신의 적성, 흥미, 가치관과 같은 자기이해의 과정 및 다양한 직업 탐색에 대한 의사결정 기회를 가짐과 동시에 학생들이 관심 있어 하는 직업현장의 멘토와 연계하는 멘토링 진로학습과정을 통해 자신의 진로를 구체화할 수 있었음을 보여준다. 연구 결과와 관련하여 성인기 전환을 준비해야 하는 장애청소년들을 위한 진로교육 및 전환교육 프로그램에 대한 향후 연구방안에 대한 논의 및 제언이 제시되었다. It is important that students with disabilities who are close to graduation should be instructed to prepare and to plan their career. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of web-based mentoring career education program on career planning capacity and Self-efficacy related to Career Decision. For this purpose, 40 students with disabilities in high school special education classrooms participated in this study(20 students in experimental group, 20 students in control group). The result of this study showed that improvement in the level of career planning capacity and self-efficacy related to career decision-Making was statistically more significant in the experimental group than in the control group. Students with disabilities using Web-based career instruction was able to discover their interests, aptitude and values through self-interest test and to improve capacities regarding their career-decision making by exploring various vocations. Also, students with disabilities specified their career due to the mentoring career program, during which they worked with a specialized mentor in the field in which they are interested. The findings from this study suggested further research directions and implications to develop a career program or a transition program for students with disabilities from elementary through high schools.

『내려가라, 모세여』(Go Down, Moses): 루카스 보챔프가 제시하는 뮬라토 주인공의 가능성

송은주 ( Eun-Ju Song ) 한국영미문화학회 2010 영미문화 Vol.10 No.2

Faulkner`s many works, most Mulattoes are represented as tragic characters who feel confused with their racial identity and are sacrificed by the Southern racism in the end. However, in Go Down, Moses Lucas Beauchamp is an exceptional mulatto in that he survives the Southern racism and achieves some dignity as a human. It is because he maintains the relationship with his family and environment as a skilled farmer. Although Southerners idealized their lives in plantations as nature-friendly and ecological way of life, plantation owners had little direct relationship with land as plantations were cultivated by black slaves` labor. Therefore, white landowners had little knowledge about cultivation and ecological awareness. Although Lucas Beauchamp is criticized as he has the strong will to power and patriarchal attitude, it is partly caused from endeavor to overcome the suppression as a black male whose masculinity is denied in the Southern society. In spite of his limitation, he shows the possibility to escape from the curse prevailing in the South, which abuses land and other races through the relationship with others and land. He has positive aspects in that he has genuine relationship with land and others and takes his responsibility for others, searching the most suitable way to survive as a black.

『스테이션 일레븐』 : 포스트-아포칼립스 장르는 팬데믹 이후의 세계를상상할 수 있는가

송은주(Eunju Song) 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2021 영미연구 Vol.52 No.-

우리는 인간이 지구 환경을 바꾸는 지질학적 힘이 되었다는 인류세에 들어섰으며, 코비드 19와 같은 팬데믹은 그러한 인류세적 사건의 특징을 보여주고 있다. 기존의 인간적 인식과 감각의 범위를 넘어서는 시공간적 규모의 인류세적 사건은 문학적 재현에서도 새로운 문제를 제기한다. 따라서 본고에서는 포스트-아포칼립스 장르 소설을 통해 인류세 문학의 가능성을 탐색하고자 한다. 2014년 발표된 『스테이션 일레븐』은 치명적인 팬데믹으로 인류의 거의 대부분이 사망하고 문명이 붕괴한 지 20년 후를 배경으로, 이 종말 이후의 세계에서 인간의 생존이 어떤 의미를 갖는가를 다룬다. 『스테이션 일레븐』은 재난을 스펙터클로 재현함으로써 오락적 쾌감을 제공하려는 장르소설의 관례를 따라, 조지아 독감을 핵폭탄처럼 급속히 퍼지며 원인을 알 수 없고 통제도 불가능한 사건으로 재현한다. 그러나 현실에서 인류세의 팬데믹은 정치적, 사회적 원인들이 복합적으로 작동하여 발생한다. 소설은 이러한 팬데믹의 성격을 적절히 포착하지 못했기 때문에 왜 문명이 붕괴하는가에 대한 근본적인 원인을 성찰하는 데 실패하며, 화석연료에 기반한 석유 문명에 대한 향수를 버리지 못하고 과거 문명으로의 회귀를 꿈꾼다. 전기의 존재를 통해 화석연료 문명의 부활을 암시하는 결말은 소설이 재난 이후의 세계를 그리면서 화석연료 문명 넘어 대안적 삶의 가능성을 상상하는 데 실패했음을 보여준다. 이와 같이 소설은 플롯 차원에서는 장르소설의 한계를 드러내지만, 비행을 통한 이동성의 강화와 전지구적으로 확산된 자본주의가 팬데믹을 촉발했음을 배경 묘사에서 간접적으로 드러낸다. 또한 질병이라는 비-인간적 요소에 의해 행위성을 제한당하는 인간의 취약성에 대한 인식은 인류세의 인간 존재 조건에 대한 새로운 인식과 공존의 윤리에 대한 모색으로 이어질 수 있으며, 팬데믹의 생존자들이 형성한 공동체들을 통해 재난 이후의 삶의 긍정적 가능성을 제시한다. We have entered into the Anthropocene, when human became the geological force to transform the environment. COVID-19 has characteristics of the Anthropocene events. They raise the issues of representation in literature because they exceed the range of human perceptions and recognition. Therefore, this essay aims to explore the potential of the Post-Apocalypse fictions as the Anthropocene literature for representing its crisis. Emily St. John Mandel’s Arthur Clark prizewinning novel, Station Eleven addresses what meaning the human survival could have in the world after a lethal pandemic, where almost all mankind died and the civilization collapsed. The novel presents Georgia Flu as an ill-defined, uncontrollable disaster like a nuclear bombing following the convention of genre fictions to depict disasters as spectacles for entertainment. However, in reality, a pandemic takes place from complex combination of political and social causes. The novel fails to capture the nature of pandemics and contemplate fundamental reasons for the collapse of civilization. It results in dreaming of returning to the past fossil fuel civilization without reflections on it. The ending that implies its restoration means that the novel doesn’t imagine the alternative of the world after the pandemic. Although it reveals the limitation of genre fictions in terms of its plot, it indirectly suggests that enhanced mobility and global capitalism prompted outbreak of a pandemic. Furthermore, the recognition of human vulnerability and limited agency restricted by non-human agents including disease can lead to a renewed awareness of what is human in the Anthropocene and what ethics we should pursue for coexistence. Additionally, it is noteworthy that the novel presents affirmative prospects for the life after the apocalypse through visions of communities of survivors.

사고기능 과업을 활용한 초등영어 수업 모형의 적용과 분석

송은주(Song, EunJoo),심규남(Shim, KyuNam) 한국초등영어교육학회 2021 초등영어교육 Vol.27 No.3

This study aims to put a working model using tasks to develop thinking skills into primary school English classes and to examine how this can be carried out. This study also aims to explore how primary school students perceive what they have done concerning the application of tasks for thinking skills in their English class. To conduct the research, a teaching model of English mediated by tasks for thinking skills was adapted from the previous research (Shim, 2019). Considering the school curriculum, teaching schedule, and the analysis of the textbook activities which the students use, four task types of thinking skills were selected. Also, a meta-cognition questionnaire was developed to obtain the data regarding what and how the participants did while addressing the tasks. While another meta-cognitive dialogue was constructed to gain in-depth qualitative data from 8 students. According to the results of the study, the teaching model operated as expected. Most students completed all the proposed tasks and replied that the tasks were considerably easy and practicable in their English class. They also believed that tasks for thinking skills might have a positive effect on their interest and confidence in their English learning; the tasks led the students to improve their meta-cognitive strategies. Some recommendations are put forward in the last part of the study.

글로벌 생태소양에 관한 어린이의 인식 조사

송은주(Song, Eun Ju) 글로벌교육연구학회 2014 글로벌교육연구 Vol.6 No.1

지구의 지속가능성을 보장하기 위한 생태 소양에 대한 새로운 접근법으로서 글로벌 생태소양이 필요한 때이다. 본 연구에서는 글로벌 생태소양의 의미와 구성요소를 규정하고, 측정도구를 개발하여 실제 지역사회에서 이루어진 글로벌 생태관련행사 전후 어린이의 글로벌 생태소양에 어떤 변화가 일어났는지 조사하였다. 연구대상은 행사에 직접 참여한 S초등학교 분교 4, 5, 6학년 학생으로 하였다. 측정도구의 타당도와 신뢰도를 확보하기 위하여 문헌 조사를 바탕으로 측정도구를 개발한 후, 예비조사를 실시하여 수정 보완하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 얻어진 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 글로벌 소양과 생태 소양의 정의를 검토한 결과 글로벌 생태소양의 의미는 크게 지식 및 인지적 기능 영역, 정서 영역, 행동 영역으로 구성하여 개념화 할 수 있었다. 둘째, 지식 및 인지적 영역은 글로벌 생태적 지식, 글로벌 환경 쟁점ㆍ문제 이해, 가치ㆍ행동 판단 기능으로, 정서 영역은 환경 태도, 환경적 감수성, 글로벌생태윤리관과 환경적 민감성으로 구성요소를 나누어 볼 수 있었으며 행동 영역은 책임 있는 환경 행위로 구성요소를 규정할 수 있었다. 셋째, 수원2013 생태교통 페스티벌이라는 지역 행사를 통하여 학생들은 글로벌 생태소양의 행동 영역에서 특히 큰 향상을 보였다. 이는 학생들이 한 달이라는 시간동안 글로벌 생태소양과 관련된 행사에 직접 참여한 결과로서, 지역공동체와의 협력이 학생들의 글로벌 생태소양의 긍정적 발달에 큰 기여를 하였다. Global condition demands global-ecological literacy(GEL) as a new approach for maintaining global sustainability today. In this study, GEL of one elementary school students in Suwon was examined using questionnaires made after defining GEL and its components. The students participated in Suwon 2013 Eco-Mobility festival for a month. The investigation was done twice before the festival started and after finished and consisted of forth, fifth and sixth grades of the participating community in Suwon. The questionnaire was revised with a pilot study to secure the validity and reliability. The results of this investigation were as follows: First, GEL was conceptualized by synthesizing definitions of global literacy, ecological literacy and global conditions at the present day with three domains which were the knowledge and cognitive skills, the affective domain and the behavioral domain. Second, the components of the knowledge and cognitive skills were global ecological knowledge, understanding of global environmental issues and problems, judgement ability about value and behavior. The components of the affective domain were environmental attitude, environmental sensibility, global-ecological-ethical belief, and environmental sensitivity. Lastly, the component of the behavioral domain was environmentally responsible behavior. Third, GEL of the elementary school students was greatly improved in the behavioral domain by participating in the local action, Suwon 2013 Eco-Mobility Festival. This result was based on students participation in the global-ecological event for a month, and cooperation with the local community had a decisive effect on development of GEL of the students.

간호대학생의 자아탄력성이 임상수행 능력에 미치는 영향: 비판적 사고성향의 매개효과를 중심으로

송은주(Song, Eun Ju),박숙경(Park, Sook Kyoung) 한국보건간호학회 2020 韓國保健看護學會誌 Vol.34 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of critical thinking dispositions in the relationship between ego-resilience and clinical practice competency. Method: This study used a descriptive design with a survey method. A total of 193 nursing students were recruited from 4 colleges of nursing in C city, and A and B province in Korea. The data was collected using questionnaires from October 6, 2017 to October 24, 2017. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis. Result: There were showed significant positive relationships of clinical practice competency with ego-resilience. In addition, critical thinking dispositions had a partial mediating role in the relationship between ego-resilience and clinical practice competency. Conclusion: This study identified the mediating effects of critical thinking dispositions and how to improve clinical practice competency. The results of this study can be used as basic data for establishing an educational approach to enhance clinical practice competency, which is considered a key competency for nursing college students.

박물관과 황야: 에머슨의 미국적 자연

송은주 ( Eun Ju Song ) 한국영미문화학회 2015 영미문화 Vol.15 No.1

This paper aims to analyze Ralph Waldo Emerson’s transcendental view of nature through the process that he conceptualizes nature as a “museum” and “wilderness.” He has been underestimated as an ecological thinker compared to Thoreau, because the former``s observation of the nature tends to be abstract rather than concrete or specific. However, his transcendental view of nature has influenced deeply on naturalist writers including Thoreau, and provided the basic foundations for the ecological thoughts in America. When Emerson traveled in Europe, he was deeply impressed by the exquisite displays of natural species in Jardin des Plantes in Paris. He discovered the totality and unity in nature from the method of these arrangements and classifications the exhibition used. He acquired the principle on the studies in nature. He interpreted each natural fact as a metaphor that carried out the intention of God. Moreover, he believed that he could reconstruct the relation between man and nature via recognition. After returning to America, he attempted to transform an American wilderness into a space where an American can be perceived as an independent subject free from the European influence and the one morally superior being to Europeans. His presentation of nature is newly proposed not through a museum, but through the American wilderness. It could be considered as a post-colonial attempt to become independent not only politically but also mentally and culturally, but his idealization and mythicization of the American wilderness have led him to an obsession that made him perceive the wilderness as pure and untouched nature in modern American ecocriticism.