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손진식,양정석,이선재,장진구,임재한,김동하,Sohn, Jinsik,Yang, Jeongseok,Lee, Sunjae,Jang, Jinkoo,Lim, Jaehan,Kim, Dongha 대한상하수도학회 2008 상하수도학회지 Vol.22 No.3
A population growth and industry advances are increasing the demand for water while improving the quality of life. By turning seawater into freshwater it is an alternative for the water shortage problem. The study analyzes the orders and makes suggestions on the outlook of an enterprise that can supply desalination plants both inside and outside the country. It compares the production capacity of enterprises in the desalination industry who deal with the thermal and RO methods. We compare 7 enterprises in the thermal method which includes Doosan Heavy Industries, and the top 10 enterprises in the RO method which includes General Electric Corp. Now that the markets in the Middle East have opened and markets in other regions are gradually growing, demand for water will grow especially in developing countries that are in the process of industrialization. Also, the market share of thermal method desalination has been falling, gradually, because too much energy is spent during the process. On the other hand, the market share of the RO method will rise from 37% in 2005 to 57% in 2015. Recently, the desalination market shows that changing from thermal method to RO method is the trend in the Middle East. Growth and demand in other regions are growing at the same pace as the Middle East. Due to this trend, if the RO system, which is highly effective and uses less energy, were to be continuously developed it would be possible to supply water using sea water and would be a viable alternative water resource.
상수도 시스템에서 체류시간이 소독부산물의 생성 및 위해성에 미치는 영향
손진식 국민대학교 생산기술연구소 2002 공학기술논문집 Vol.25 No.-
Many disinfection by-products are known as carcinogen. DBP related health (cancer) risk changes as a function of various water qualities and treatment conditions. THM and HAA formation increases with increasing reaction time, that represents contact time in treatment plant or hydraulic residence time (HRT) in distribution system. The final goal of DBP control is to minimize the health risks due to disinfection. This study investigate DBP formation and related risk through simulation. The result shows that higher THM increments than HAA increment are expected with increasing HRT. The main species of TTHM are CHCl₃, and CHBrCl₂, and the main species of HAA6 are DCAA and TCAA. CHCl₃, DCAA, and TCAA significantly increase with increasing time. Risk analysis was performed for four species of THMs and two species of HAAs (DCAA and TCAA). The results depict that HAA risks are much higher than THM risks. Assuming that the HRT for the plant effluent is around 4 hours, the risk increments were around 8% at the location corresponding to the minimum HRT (6 hours), and up to 63% at the location corresponding to a HRT of 2 days. This study provides insight into risk changes imparted by HRT in water treatment systems.
손진식 국민대학교 생산기술연구소 2004 공학기술논문집 Vol.27 No.-
Water treatment facilities face new challenges with regard to maintaining disinfectants as well as reducing disinfection by-products(DBPs). The need to control DBPs in water treatment facilities has stimulated the development of various models including empirical models, kinetic based models, and artificial neural networks (ANN). In order to evaluate the appropriate models for simulating DBPs, several attempts have been made to compare an empirical based model and ANN simulations using bench-scale experiment data. The empirical based model is considered a powerful modeling tool in simulating DBPs. ANN Simulation also provides a potential modeling tool in predicting DBP formation. The external evaluation of these models is further needed by using full-scale monitoring data.
소독과 응집에 따른 소독부산물 생성변화와 위해성 평가에 대한 연구
손진식 국민대학교 생산기술연구소 2003 공학기술논문집 Vol.26 No.-
Chlorination disinfection by-products such as trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA) formation is affected by various factors, for example organic and inorganic precursors, disinfectant doses, contact time, temperature, and pH. Removal of natural organic matter (NOM) before the application of disinfectants is known as one of the effective method in controlling disinfection by-products (DBPs). While coagulation reduces NOM, bromide is virtually conservative, passing through the treatment process. The implication is that coagulated water favors the formation of brominated over chlorinated DBPs, which have been reported as being more potent than chlorinated DBPs. DBP related health (cancer) risk accordingly changes as a function of treatment and disinfection conditions. This study investigate the effect of DBP formation and related risk through coagulation. The result shows that coagulation reduces both THM and HAA formation, but brominated DBP species increases because of increase of Br^(-)/DOC ratio. There is a strong correlation between Br^(-)/DOC and THM related risk. Increasing disinfectant doses and contact time increase THM and HAA formation.