국내 일부 학교 교실의 실내공기질 평가

손종렬(Jong-Ryeul Sohn),윤승욱(Seung-Wook Yoon),김윤신(Yoon-Shin Kim),노영만(Young-Man Roh),이철민(Cheol-Min Lee),손부순(Bu-Soon Son),양원호(Won-Ho Yang),이윤규(Yun-Gyu Lee),최한영(Han-Young Choi),이진성(Jin-Sung Lee) 한국실내환경학회 2006 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Recently, indoor air quality (IAQ) in workplace, residence, and schools has been one of the major concerns of people, scientists and the related public. This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of indoor air quality(IAQ) in kindergartens, elementary school, middle schools, and high schools from June 2004 to May 2005 in Korea. We measured indoor air pollutants such as PM₁?, CO₂, formaldehyde, total bacteria colony(TBC), CO, radon, total volatile organic compounds(TVOCs), asbestos, and O₃ from school classrooms. The subjects were classified by building year based on the time span of 1, 1-3, 3-5, and 5-10 years. The levels of pollutants and physical factor in schools were compared with standards and guidelines of indoor air quality on the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and the Ministry of Education, and Human Resources Development of Korea. The major results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows. Asbestos and O₃ were not detected in all surveyed classrooms. However, we were able to detect CO, TBC, TVOCs, and formaldehyde in kindergartens, TBC in elementary schools, TBC, TVOCs and formaldehyde in middle schools, and formaldehyde in high schools. This study was conducted to provide a basis for the management IAQ in school. Therefore, we suggest that a national plan for the management of IAQ in school should be established through a long-term, continuous investigation for the proper assessment of IAQ in school and for the health risk assessment for student.

CMI와 THI에 의한 서울시내 개인택시 실내환경 근무 운전기사의 건강영향 평가 연구

손종렬(Jong-Ryeul Sohn),변상훈(Sang-Hoon Byun),노영만(Young-Man Roh),김윤신(Yoon-Shin Kim) 한국실내환경학회 2005 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.1 No.2

This study was performed to investigate the health status of 600 owner-driver of taxi in Seoul City during from August 1, 2003 to February 28, 2004. The prevalence of subjective symptoms were surveyed by a general health questionnaires such as Todai Health Index (THI) and the Cornell Medical Index (CMI). In the THI health check table, prevalence of the complaints of mental subjective symptom by age was high in the items of fabrication (L), digestion (C), and aggressiveness (F) from 31 to 40 years old drivers and mental subjective symptom by age was high in all items except for tiredness (I), melancholia (N), and hypersensitivity (P) for the 60 years old drivers and showed in the items of melancholia (N) and hypersensitivity (P) for the 40 years old. From the complaints of mental and physical subjective symptoms about work satisfaction in the THI health check table, the strong dissatisfaction showed in the all items except for eye and skin trouble (B). All items except hypersensitivity (P) showed dissatisfaction in prevalence of complains of mental and physical subjective symptoms about work satisfaction in the CMI health check table. From the complains of mental and physical subjective symptoms on salary satisfaction in the THI health check table, the taxi driver who earn the salary of 1 million won showed statistically significant symptom of eye and skin trouble (B) and showed high tendency in all items except for respiratory (A) and digestion (C) systems. It is suggested that the appropriate health control for owner-driver of taxi should be applied to reduce the prevalence of complaints that showed mainly in the irregular working time and sleeping disorders.

초음파 조사에 의한 TCE 수용액의 분해반응 특성

손종렬(Jong Ryeul Sohn),문경환(Kyung Whan Moon),박찬구(Chan Koo Park) 한국환경보건학회 1998 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Trichloroethylene(TCE) was the most common and abundant pollutants in the refractory substances and this was difficult to be degradable by conventional methods. Therefore, a considerable interest has been devoted to developing new process where TCE can be easily decomposed. In this study, the series of ultrasonic irradiation for removal of TCE in aqueous solution has been selected as a model reaction in the batch reactor system in order to obtain the basic data investigate the influence of various experimental parameters such as pH, reaction temperature, and intensity. The products obtained from the ultrasonic irradiation were analysed by GC/MS and UV spectroscopy. The intermediates of ultrasonic irradiation of TCE was identified as Cl₂, HCl, Cl⁻, chloroform, dichloroethene, trichloroethane , and tetrachloroethane. After the ultrasonic irradiation of TCE con - taining aqueous solution for 20 min their pH s were decreased from 7.0 to 2.4 respectively. Further irradiation of this solution did not change their pH values. This can be attributed to the formation of HCl obtained by the reaction between H · radical and Cl⁻ which could be produced by the ultrasonic irradiation of water and reactants containing chlorine. Acidic solution showed a good capability in the degradation of TCE. In general, the rate of reaction is proportional to the reaction temperature obeying the Arrhenius law. However, in the ultrasonic irradiation, this suggests as the reaction temperature increase the decomposition rate of reactant decrease. This result meant that the increase of reaction temperature due to the increase of vapor pressure of water accelerated the decrease of acoustic intensity which was can be proportional to the decomposition rate of TCE solution. It was found that more than 80% of TCE solution was removed within 2 hours in all reaction conditions. The reaction order in the degradation of TCE solution was verified as the pseudo-first order. From the fore-mentioned results, it can be concluded that the refractory organic compounds could be removed by the ultrasonic irradiation with radicals, such as H · and OH · radical causing the high increase of pressure and temperature. Finally, it appeared that the technology using ultrasonic irradiation can be applied to the treatment of refractory substances which are difficult to be decomposed by the conventional methods.

서울시 일부 학교의 실내 공기질 조사 및 인식도 평가

손종렬(Jong-Ryeul Sohn),변상훈(Sang-Hoon Byeon),김영환(Young-Whan Kim),김종혁(Jong-Hyeok Kim),조윤수(Yun-Su Cho),이재영(Jae-young Lee),박윤주(Youn-Ju Park) 대한환경위생공학회 2003 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Recently, Indoor air quality(IAQ) in workplace, residential environments and schools has been concern of people, scientists and related the public. And so in Seoul has recognized the healthy effect related to IAQ in schools. Therefore, the objective of this study reported in this article were to measure and compare the perception of IAQ of selected air pollutants at three different schools in Seoul. We performed a questionnaire survey of 400 students about their awareness for the importance of IAQ in our school. And we measured the IAQ of 3 schools considering as site region, construction year and studying level. The indoor air pollutants and parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, respirable particulate matter(PM10). formaldehyde(HCHO), total bacteria counts(TBC), carbon dioxide(C0₂), and noise were monitored in indoors. In results, all most response of occupant has recognized the awareness of IAQ at schools. The PM10. TBC and Noise level of all schools were higher than the standard of the public 150㎍/m³ and 500 CFU/rn³, the level formaldehyde(HCHO) was below 0.1 ppm of the healthy guideline of Korea And the concentration of CO₂ were investigated below 1,000 ppm of the standard implying ventilation in 2 schools except for 1 school(c school). Finally. the control of most important pollutants of IAQ in school were PM 10. TBC and Noise. Therefore, it can be concluded that the indoor air quality of selected 3 schools studied was perceived as acceptable. it is recommended that the government related IAQ was suggested the guideline and control of lAQ problems in schools. and all member relating school need to be effort to reduce the exposure of sources to undesirable indoor pollutants such as Particlate and Noise.

Bio - filter에 의한 토양중의 VOCs 분해특성

손종렬(Jong-Ryeul Sohn),장명배(Myung-Bae Jang),Kwang-Myung Cho 대한환경위생공학회 2004 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.19 No.4

The objective of this study was to develop a mechanistically based mathematical model that would consider the interdependence of VOCs transport, microbial activity, and sorptive interactions in a moist, unsaturated soil. Because the focus of the model was on description of natural attenuation, the advective VOCs transport that is induced in engineered remediation processes such as vapor extraction was not considered. The utility of the model was assessed through its ability to describe experimental observations from diffusion experiments using toluene as a representative VOCs in well-defined soil columns that contained a toluene degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas putida G7 and F1, as the sole active microbial species. The gas-liquid mass-transfer was found to be a key parameter controlling the ability of bacteria to degrade VOCs. This finding indicates that soil size and geometry are likely to be important parameters in assessing the possible success of natural attenuation of VOCs in contaminated unsaturated soils.<br/> Therefore we found that Pseudomonas putida G7 and F1 were very effective to remove of refractory pollutants such as toluene in soil by Bio-filter.

화학물질의 위해성 평가

손종렬(Jong Ryeul Sohn),이철민(Cheol Min Lee) 大韓環境工學會 2007 대한환경공학회지 Vol.29 No.5

실내공기중 폼알데하이드 측정방법 비교

손종렬(Jong Ryeul Sohn),문경환(Kyong Whan Moon),김영환(Young Whan Kim) 한국퍼실리티매니지먼트학회 2000 한국퍼실리티매니지먼트학회지 Vol.2 No.2

This study was conducted to identify suitable methods for measurement of formaldehyde in ambient air at sub-ppm levels. Experiments were designed to compare four different analysis procedures including NIOSH Method No. 3500, NIOSH Method No.2541, EPA Method No. 67 and passive tube method under favorable conditions(laboratory exposure chamber) and in ambient air of the household furniture shops. The results were as follows ; 1. Absolute bias by each method were less than 26.8% at the theoretical exposure concentration of 0.21ppm and all methods except the passive method produced precise results at this levels. Use of the NIOSH Method No. 3500 indicated accuracy was approximately 1.5~2.8 times higher than those determined by NIOSH Method No. 2541 and EPA Method No. 67. 2. EPA Method No. 67 had the best precision and accuracy at 0.12ppm level similar to the current regulatory limit for the formaldehyde in ambient air. 3. The amounts of released formaldehyde for household furniture shops were 0.040ppm by NIOSH Method No. 3500, 0.051ppm by NIOSH Method No.2541, 0.054ppm by EPA Method No. 67 and 0.096ppm by passive tube method, respectively. The concentrations indicated by passive tube method were consistently higher than those measured by the other methods. No statistically significant differences of formaldehyde concentrations among ambient air except the passive tube method were found(p<0.05).

국내 일부학교 건축물의 실내공기질 평가

손종렬,노영만,손부순,Sohn Jong-Ryeul,Roh Young-Man,Son Bu-Soon 한국환경보건학회 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Recently, indoor air quality (IAQ) in workplace, residential environments and schools has been concerned of people, scientists and related the public, and has recognized the health effects related to indoor air pollution. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the characteristics of IAQ in 55 kindergartens, elementary school, middle schools, and high schools from June, 2004 to May, 2005 in Korea. We measured indoor air pollutants($PM_{10},\;CO_2$, HCHO, total bacteria colony(TBC), CO, radon, TVOCs, asbestos, and $O_3$), and physical factors(noise, temperature, relative humidity, and illumination) with necessary of management for IAQ in school. We classified into 5 kinds of the school by period since building completion, <1 year, 1-3 years, 3-5 years, and 5-10 years. The concentration of pollutants and the level of physical factors compared with standards and guidelines of IAQ on the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development. The major results obtained from this study were as follows. Temperature, relative humidity and illumination among the physical factors did not exceed the standards, but noise exceeded it. Asbestos and $O_3$ did not detect in surveyed classrooms. CO, TBC, TVOCs, and HCHO in kindergartens, TBC in elementary schools, TBC, TVOCs dnd HCHO in middle schools, and HCHO in high schools detected the standards. This study is conducted as a part of efforts to provide a foundational data for further relative researches on management of IAQ of school. Therefore, we suggest that country plan for management of IAQ in school should be established through long-term and continuous investigation for assessment on IAQ in school and health risk assessment for students.

일부 실내 환경 시설의 집먼지 진드기 검출에 따른 PM10과 HCHO의 비교평가

손종렬(Jong-Ryeul Sohn),강민구(Min-Gu Kang),곽호찬(Ho-Chan Kwak) 한국실내환경학회 2008 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.5 No.1

House dust mite of the indoor environment is one of the most important causes of allergic asthma and rhinitis. It has been known that more than 70% of Korean children and about 50% of adult with the respiratory allergy are sensitive to house dust mite. The purpose of our study is to find out the relationship between the concentration of formaldehyde (HCHO)/PM10 and the number of house dust mite in the indoor environment. In this study, sampling sites were education, social and dwelling facilities. We inquire the questionnaire of the resident on the indoor air quality in all sampling sites. At the same time, we measured the concentration of formaldeh yde(HCHO)/PM10 as well as house dust mites. it was complained by 20% respondents that the indoor air quality was bad and by 10% that the atopy symptom was evident. When a certain amount of house dust mites were detected, the contents of PM10 were observed high and that of HCHO low. However when the house dust mites were not detected, the concentration of PM10 was low and that of HCHO high. From our results, it is concluded that the indoor air quality (i.e. conc. of PM10/HCHO) is quite related to the contents of house dust mites supporting the fact that the symptom of atopy and asthma is due to these small organisms.

서울 일부 지역 교통수단의 실내 공기질 평가

손종렬(Jong-Ryeul Sohn),최달웅(Dal-Woong Choi),최정숙(Jung-Sook Choi),우완기(Wan-Gi Woo) 대한환경위생공학회 2006 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.21 No.1

This paper was conducted concerning the degree of indoor air quality in public transport vehicles such as taxicabs, buses and subway trains, as sampled through the active participation of drivers and passengers in Seoul between 13th August 2005 and 2nd November 2005. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Among the measured substances especially respirable particulate matters (PM₁?), total bacteria counts (TBC) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) exceeded the standard level of 150 ㎍/㎥, 800 CFU/㎥ and 1000ppm. 2. The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in taxi recorded 2491ppm, which is more than the standard amount of 1000ppm. This level was comparatively higher than all other public transportation methods. Total bacteria counts (TBC) in bus and subway recorded 1082CFU/㎥ and 1856CFU/㎥, respectively. 3. The drivers who regularly work long hours showed the higher concern about contamination of the air inside the public transport vehicles and they considered it to be worse than the air outside. In contrast, the general public showed less concern about the air quality inside the public transport vehicles. However, they too acknowledged that the quality of the air inside the public transport vehicles was poor. In regards to the degree of indoor air quality in the public transport vehicles, a counterplan must be implemented urgently to effectively combat the excessive levels of PM₁?, microorganism and CO₂. We need to gather more conclusive evidence pertaining to other possible contaminants and influencing factors.