예방 접종의 실제

손영모,김창휘,Son, Yeong-Mo,Kim, Chang-Hwi 대한소아감염학회 1995 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.2 No.2

최근 예방접종에 문제가 되고 있는 감염병(수두, 홍역, B형 간염)

손영모,Son, Yeong-Mo 대한소아감염학회 1994 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.1 No.1

백신의 부작용

손영모,Son, Yeong-Mo 대한소아감염학회 1996 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.3 No.2

세계보건기구의 소아마비 예방 사업 전략

손영모,Son, Yeong-Mo 대한소아감염학회 2002 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.9 No.2

삼나무 임분수확량 평가 및 예측

손영모 ( Yeong Mo Son ),강진택 ( Jin Taek Kang ),황정순 ( Jeong Sun Hwang ),박현 ( Hyun Park ),이광수 ( Kang Su Lee ) 한국산림과학회 2015 한국산림과학회지 Vol.104 No.3

The objective of this paper is to look into the growth of Cryptomeria japonica stand in South Korea along with the evaluation on their yields, followed by their carbon stocks and removals. A total of 106 sample plots were selected from Jeonnam, Gyeongnam, and Jeju, where the groups of standard are grown. We only used 92 plots data except outlier. As part of the analysis, the Weibull diameter distribution was applied. In order to estimate the diameter distribution, the growth estimation equation for each of the growth factors including the height, the diameter at breast height, and the basal area was drafted out and the verification for each equation was examined. The site index for figuring out the forest productivity of Cryptomeria japonica stand for each district was also developed as a Schumacher model and 30yr was used as a reference age for the estimation of the site index. It was found that the site index for Cryptomeria japonica stand in South Korea ranges from 10 to 16 and this result was used as a standard for developing the stand yield table. According to the site 14 in the stand yield table, the mean annual increment (MAI) of the Cryptomeria japonica reaches 7.6 m3/ha on its 25yr and its growing stock is estimated to be at 190.1 m3/ha. This volume is about 20 m3 as high as that of the Chamaesyparis obtusa. Furthermore, the annual carbon absorptions for a Cryptomeria japonica stand reached the peak at 25yr, which is 2.14 tC/ha/yr, 7.83 tCO2/ha/yr. When compared to the other conifers, this rate is slightly higher than that of a Chamaecyparis obtusa (7.5 tCO2/ha/yr) but lower than that of the Pinus koraiensis (10.4 tCO2/ha/yr) and Larix kaempferi (11.2 tCO2/ha/yr). With such research result as a base, it is necessary to come up with the ways to enhance the utilization of Cryptomeria japonica as timbers, besides making use of their growth data.

충북 충주지역 가래나무의 임목생장량 및 이산화탄소 흡수량 추정

손영모 ( Yeong Mo Son ),김래현 ( Rae Hyun Kim ),김영환 ( Young Hwan Kim ),이경학 ( Kyeong Hak Lee ) 한국산림과학회 2009 한국산림과학회지 Vol.98 No.6

난대지역 주요 4개 수종의 탄소배출계수 개발 및 적용

손영모 ( Yeong Mo Son ),김래현 ( Rae Hyun Kim ),강진택 ( Jin Taek Kang ),이광수 ( Kwang Su Lee ),김소원 ( So Won Kim ) 한국산림과학회 2014 한국산림과학회지 Vol.103 No.4

In this study, we developed the carbon emission factors for 4 major species of warm-temperate regionin Korea, and tried to provide their carbon emissions and removals estimates using these carbon emissionfactors. We selected Castanopsis cuspidata, Camellia japonica, Quercus acuta and Quercus glauca as targetspecies and derived their carbon emission factors. The basic wood density that serve as one of the carbonemission factors were 0.583 for Castanopsis cuspidata, 0.657 for Camellia japonica, 0.833 for Quercus acutaand 0.763 for Quercus glauca and their uncertainties ranged from 5.3 to 17.9%. Biomass expansion factors werecalculated as well: 1.386 for Castanopsis cuspidata, 2.621 for Camellia japonica, 1.701 for Quercus acuta and2.123 for Quercus glauca and associated uncertainties varied from 14.7 to 30.5%. Lastly root-shoot ratios foreach species were also determined: 0.454 for Castanopsis cuspidata, 0.356 for Camellia japonica, 0.191 forQuercus acuta and 0.299 for Quercus glauca with the uncertainties lying within a range from 19.8 to 35.7%. These three carbon emission factors including basic wood density had the uncertainties of less than 40%recommended by FAO. Therefore the application of country-specific emission factors seemed to provide quiteaccurate estimates of carbon emissions and removals. The estimation of the carbon stored in the 4 species werealso conducted which amounted to 186.10 tCO2/ha for Castanopsis cuspidata, 280.63 tCO2/ha for Camelliajaponica, 344.04 tCO2/ha for Quercus acuta and 278.91 tCO2/ha for Quercus glauca and their annual carbonremovals were 6.65 tCO2/ha/yr, 6.25 tCO2/ha/yr, 11.70 tCO2/ha/yr and 12.29 tCO2/ha/yr, respectively. Thissystematic assessment of forest resources can be a reliable source of information for managing evergreen broadleavedforest in warm temperate regions and thus serve as useful data for effective decision-making to addressvegetation zone shifts due to climate change.

우리나라 산림 바이오매스 자원량 평가 및 지도화

손영모 ( Yeong Mo Son ),이선정 ( Sun Jeoung Lee ),김소원 ( So Won Kim ),황정순 ( Jeong Sun Hwang ),김래현 ( Rae Hyun Kim ),박현 ( Hyun Park ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

본 연구는 탄소흡수원이며 재생가능한 자원인 산림 바이오매스 자원량 및 에너지로서의 잠재량을 산정하고, 이를 지도화 및 프로그램화 하고자 하였다. 2010년말 기준 우리나라 전체 산림의 총바이오매스 자원은 804백만톤이며, 이 중 임상별로는 침엽수 264백만톤, 활엽수 282백만톤, 혼효림257백만톤이 점유하고 있었고, 지역별로는 산림축적량에 비례하여 강원도가 가장 많은 바이오매스양을, 다음이 경상북도, 경상남도 순이었다. 우리나라 산림에서 매년 상업적으로 벌채하여 제재목 등으로 이용되고 남은 목질부 바이오매스는 707천톤/년 정도가 되며, 숲가꾸기를 하여 원목으로 이용되는 양을 제외한 바이오매스 양은 592천톤/년으로 나타났다. 따라서 우리나라에서 연간 시장으로 공급 가능한 산림 바이오매스 자원은 약 1,300천톤/yr. 정도가 될 것으로 추정된다. 이를 석유환산량으로 전환하면 약 585천 toe/년이 된다. 본 연구에서 분석한 결과를 토대로 바이오매스 자원 지도 프로그램을 만들었다. 바이오매스 자원지도(BiomassMap V2.0) 프로그램은 축적, 바이오매스 총 저장량, 시업지 연간 바이오매스 생장량, 상업적 벌채에 의한 바이오매스 생산량, 숲가꾸기에 의한 바이오매스 생산량 등을 지도로 나타내고, 이들 정보를 관리할 수 있는 프로그램이다. 바이오매스 자원 지도는 시도별, 임상별도로 확인할 수있으며 이용자의 사용 목적에 따라 작성될 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 따라서 향후 본 바이오매스 지도는 산림이용 관리자들에게 유익한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This study was conducted to assess forest biomass resource which is a carbon sink and a renewable resource in Korea. The total forest biomass resource potential was 804 million tons, and conifers, broadleaved forest and mixed forest accounted for 264 million tons, 282million tons, and 257 million tons, respectively. Proportionately to regional forest stocks, biomass potential of Gangwon-do had most biomass potential, followed by Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do. The woody biomass from the byproduct of sawn timber in commercial harvesting was 707 thousand ton/year, and that from the byproduct of forest tending was 592 thousand ton/year. The amount resulted in about 1,300 thousand ton/year of potential supplies from forest biomass resource into the energy market. It``s tonnage of oil equivalent (toe) was 585 thousand ton/year. In this study, we developed a program (BiomassMap V2.0) for forest biomass resource mapping. This program shows the map of total biomass stock, annual biomass growth at forest land in Korea, and biomass production from forest tending and commercial harvesting. The information can also be managed by the program. The biomass resource map can be identified by regional and forest type for the purpose of utilization. So, we expect the map and program to be very useful for forest managers in the near future.

Kozak 수간곡선모델을 이용한 우리나라 해안별 곰솔의 수간재적 추정

손영모 ( Son Yeong-mo ),강진택 ( Kang Jin-teak ),전주현 ( Jeon Ju-hyeon ),고치웅 ( Ko Chi-ung ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2017 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.29 No.4

현재 사용하고 있는 곰솔 입목수간재적표는 1986년에 최초로 제작되어 현실 임분과의 과소·과대치가 발생하고 있고, 흉고직경 40cm 이상의 재적정보가 없어 산림경영 활동의 장애요인으로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 지역별 생장특성을 반영한 최적의 입목수간재적표 도출하기 위하여, 우리나라 해안을 따라 분포하고 있는 곰솔 임분에서 직경급별로 표준목을 고르게 선정하여 총 340본을 벌채한 후 수간고별 직경과 수고를 측정하였다. 재적추정을 위한 최적의 수간곡선식 도출을 위하여 Kozak 수간곡선 모델(1988년)에 의한 수간곡선식을 추정하였다. 적용된 수간곡선 모델에 대한 적합도 검정을 위하여 적합도지수(FI), 편의(Bias), 잔차에 대한 표준 표차(SEE), 평균절대편차(MAD) 통계량에 의한 모델의 적합성을 평가하였다. 수간곡선식에 의해 도출된 각 해안별 재적간의 비교와 현행 재적표와 신규재적표간 재적 비교를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, Kozak 수간곡선 모형의 적합성 검증을 위하여 적합도지수 및 검정통계량을 비교 분석한 결과, 본 연구에서 적용된 모델이 곰솔의 수간곡선을 추정하는데 있어 적합한 식으로 평가되었다. 둘째, Kozak 수간곡선 추정모델을 이용하여 각 개체목의 수간고별 직경을 추정하고 수간재적을 산출하였으며, 추정된 각 해안별 수간재적표의 재적 비교를 위하여 Duncan’s multiple range test 결과, 해안별 재적표간 재적비교에서 동해안, 서해안, 남해안 순으로 재적이 크게 나타났으나 세 집단 간에는 통계적으로 유의적이 재적차이를 보이지 않았다(p=0.4137>0.05). 따라서 해안별 재적표를 각각 분리하여 적용할 필요가 없는 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 현행 재적표와 신규 재적표간의 재적 비교 결과, 현행 재적표의 재적 평균이 신규 재적표보다 약간 높게 나타났으나 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다(p=0.6558>0.05). 따라서 현행 재적표를 계속 사용하여도 무방하나 현형 재적표는 흉고직경 40cm, 수고 30m 범위내 재적만 제시하고 있기 때문에, 현행 재적표 범위 이상의 곰솔 개체목에 대한 재적 산정을 위해서는 신규 재적표(흉고직경 80cm, 수고 35m 범위의 재적 제시)의 적용이 타당할 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구에서 도출된 신규 곰솔 입목수간재적표는 향후 산림경영계획, 산지전용허가, 탄소상쇄사업, 산림기본통계산출, 산림부문 국가온실가스통계 산정 등 다양하게 사용되어 질 것으로 기대된다. The stand tree volume table that is currently used was made in 1986 for the first time and there is a gap between the real stand and the previous one. As there is no information on volume(DBH higher than 40cm), it remains as an obstacle in forest management. This study was conducted to estimate optimized stand tree volume table that reflects regional growth performances. Sample trees were selected by diameter from Pinus thunbergi that are distributed along the coastal area in Korea. 340 trees in total were lumbered and their diameter and height were estimated. For the best estimation of stem taper equation, it is conducted by Kozak’s stem taper model(1988). To examinate the fitness, Fitness Index(FI), Bias, Standard Error of Bias(SEE) and Mean Absolute Deviation(MAD) were evaluated. Both the outcomes of each of its volumes compared by coastal area and comparison of volumes between current stem volume table and new stem volume table are as follows. Firstly, for the suitable probation of Kozak stem taper model, fitness index and other tests statistics were compared and analysed. The results showed that it is an appropriate formula when estimating the stem curve of P. thuubergii. Secondly, we have estimated the diameter of stems individually by using Kozak’s stem taper estimation and stem volume as well. To compare the volumes of stem volume table in each coastal area, Duncan’s multiple range test was implemented. The volume in the eastern coast was the biggest followed by the west and southern coast, however, there was no statistically significant difference among these three(p=0.4137>0.05). Therefore, there is no need to adjust volume tables of coastal areas individually. Lastly, the average volume in the current volume table was slightly higher than in the new volume table, however, there was no significant difference between the two(p=0.6558>0.05). To conclude, it is permissible to use the current volume table continuously, but it only shows 40cm of DBH and 30m of tree height. To estimate the volume of P. thunbergii that ranges more than the current stem volume table, it is rather considered to be effective when applied to the new stem volume table(80cm of DBH and 35m of tree height). The new stand volume table of P. thunbergii estimated in this study is expected to be widely utilized for several forest projects such as future forest management plan, permission for forest land use conversion, carbon offset project, collecting basic forest statistics as well as estimation of forestry national greenhouse gas inventory, and so on.

생장모니터링을 통한 임분변화예측 및 탄소흡수ㆍ저장량 평가

손영모(Yeong Mo Son),이경학(Kyeong Hak Lee),김래현(Rae Hyun Kim),서정호(Jeong Ho Seo) 한국산림바이오에너지학회 2006 산림바이오에너지 Vol.25 No.2

본 연구는 강원도 홍천군 운두령 일대에 설치된 잣나무 등 5개소 생장고정조사구를 대상으로 생장변화를 구명하고, 탄소저장량 및 흡수량을 산정하여 운두령 산림관리에 기초적인 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 임분생장변화는 유령림인 잣나무, 낙엽송, 소나무 임분에서 연년수고생장과 흉고직경생장이 점진적으로 진행되었으며, 그 외 임분은 이들보다는 생장율이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 직경급 분포 및 직경변화 예측에 있어서는 신갈나무와 자작나무 임분의 직경급분포는 현재와 유사할 것으로 예측되며, 다른 수종은 상위 직경급으로의 변화가 많을 것으로 예측되었다. 2005년 말 현재 운두령 모델림 내 총탄소량은 5,974천 탄소톤이고, 2005년도 한 해 동안 산림의 생장에 따른 총탄소량은 166,174 탄소톤이며, 순탄소흡수량은 155,481탄소톤으로 전년 대비 2,736탄소톤(1.8%)이 증가하였다. 결과적으로 운두령모델림은 온실가스 측면에서 볼 때 순흡수원으로 작용하고 있으며, 그 순흡수량도 최근 조금씩 늘어나고 있는 경향을 보이고 있다. This study looked into the change of tree growth of five forest growth monitoring plots which were set up at the Undulyeong Hongchungun Kangwondo, and was accomplished to provide the basic data for the forest management calculating carbon storage and absorption in the Undulyeong area. Annual height and DBH growth were slowly progressed in the Pinus koraiensis, Larix kaempferi and and Pinus densiflora stand which were at young stage, but the growth rates of the other stands were lower than those young stands. The diameter class of the mixed forest and Quercus mongolica and Betala platyphylla stand was predicted to be similar as it is and those of Pinus koraiensis and Larix kaempferi stands were predicted to move to the upper diameter classes because of rapid growth rates of the those stands. As in the year 2005, total carbon storage of the Undulyeong model forest was increased by 155,000 TC (2.7%) compared with the previous year. During 2005, total carbon which was absorbed and stored according to growth of the forest was 166,174 TC and net carbon absorption (155,481 TC) increased by 2,736 TC (1.8%) compared with the previous year. Resultingly, the Undulyeong model forest is acting as a net sink and the net carbon absorption rate is slightly increasing recently.