쌍화탕이 흰쥐의 간 및 근육 Glycogen함량에 미치는 영향에 대한 조직화학적 연구

손낙원 ( Nak Won Sohn ) 대한본초학회 1994 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.9 No.1

천마(天麻)가 뇌조직출혈(腦組織出血) 흰쥐의 뇌부종(腦浮腫)과 Aquaporins 발현에 미치는 영향

손낙원 ( Nak Won Sohn ),이주용 ( Ju Yong Lee ),구자승 ( Ja Seung Ku ),이동은 ( Dong Eun Lee ),신정원 ( Jung Won Shin ),김성준 ( Seung Joon Kim ) 대한본초학회 2010 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.25 No.4

Objectives: This study aimed at evaluation of the effects of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on brain edema and aquaporin water channel expressions in the brain. Methods: Brain edema following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was induced by the stereotaxic intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase type VII in Sprague-Dawley rats. Then ethanol extract of Gastrodiae rhizoma was treated once a day for 3 days. Brain edema % and water contents, and cell size of neurons in the cerebral cortex were examined. Immuno-histochemistry was processed for AQP4, AQP1, and AQP9 expressions in the brain sections and area % of immuno-labeling was analyzed with image analysis. Results: 1. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced brain edema of ICH induced rats significantly. 2. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced excessive brain tissue water contents of ICH induced rats significantly. 3. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced cellular edema of neurons in cerebral cortex of ICH induced rats significantly. 4. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced AQP4 immuno-positive area % in cerebral cortex and external capsule of ICH induced rat brain significantly. 5. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced AQP9 immuno-positive area % in glia limitans externa of ICH induced rat brain significantly. Conclusions: These results suggest that Gastrodiae Rhizoma reveals protective effects against brain edema and cytotoxic edema of neurons by means of down-regulation of AQP4 expression in the brain.

노령 흰쥐의 뇌허혈 손상시 뇌대사활성의 변화 및 凉膈散火湯의 영향에 대한 [<SUP>14</SUP>C]2-Deoxyglucose Autoradiography 연구

손철훈(Cheol-Hoon Sohn),신정원(Jung-Won Shin),손영주(Youngjoo Sohn),정혁상(Hyuk-Sang Jung),원란(Ran Won),손낙원(Nak-Won Sohn) 대한한의학회 2003 대한한의학회지 Vol.24 No.3

뇌해마의 장기양 조직배양을 이용한 한약물의 뇌신경세포손상 보호효능 연구

정혁상,손낙원,이원철,Jung, Hyuk-Sang,Sohn, Nak-Won,Lee, Won-Chul 대한한방내과학회 2004 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.25 No.3

Objectives : For the screening of neuroprotective effects of medicinal herbs, the complex system of animal models suffer some disadvantages in controlling critical parameters such as blood pressure and body temperature. Additionally, application of drugs to the appropriate brain area sometimes is difficult, due to poor permeability though the blood brain barrier, and so potential protective effects might be masked. Methods : Organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHSC) method has the advantages of being relatively easy to prepare and of maintaining the general structure, including tissue integrity and the connections between cells. Drugs can easily be applied and neuronal damage can easily be quantified by using tissues and culture media. This study demonstrates neuroprotective effects of Puerariae radix (葛根, PR), Salviae miltiorrhizae radix (丹蔘, SR), Rhei rhizoma (大黃, RR), and Bupleuri radix (柴胡, BR). These were screenedand compared to MK-801, antagonist of NMDA receptors, by using OHSC of 1 week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) were conducted in an anaerobic chamber $(85%\;N_2,\;10%\;CO_2\;and\;5%\;H_2)$ in a deoxygenated glucose-free medium for 60 minutes. Water extracts of each herbs were treated to culture media with $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ for 48 hours. Results : Neuronal cell death in the cultures was monitored by densitometric measurements of the cellular uptake of propidium iodide (PI). PI fluorescence images were obtained at 48 hours after the OGD and medicinal herb treatment. Also TUNEL-positive cells in the CAI and DG regions and LDH concentrations in culture media were measured at 48 hours after the OGD. According to measured data, MK-801, PR, SR and BR demonstrated significant neuroprotective effect against excessive neuronal cell death and apoptosis induced by the OGD insult. Especially, PR revealed similar neuroprotective effect to MK-801 and RR demonstrated weak neuroprotective effect. Conclusions : These results suggest that OHSC can be a suitable method for screening of neuroprotective effects of medicinal herbs. (This work was supported by the research program of Dongguk University and Grant 01-PJ9-PG1-01CO03-0003 from Ministry of Health & Welfare.)

구척(狗脊)이 흰쥐의 척수압박에 의한 신경세포 손상에 미치는 영향

박원상 ( Won Sang Park ),김은석 ( Eun Seok Kim ),신정원 ( Jung Won Shin ),김범회 ( Bum Hoi Kim ),김성준 ( Seong Joon Kim ),강희 ( Hee Kang ),손낙원 ( Nak Won Sohn ) 한방재활의학과학회 2010 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of root of Cibotii rhizoma(CR) ethanol extract on the tissue and neuronal damage of the spinal cord injury(SCI). Methods :SCI was induced by mechanical contusion following laminectomy of 10th thoracic vertebra in Sprague-Dawley rats. CR was orally given once a day for 7 days after SCI. Tissue damage and nerve fiber degeneration were examined with cresyl violet and luxol fast blue(LFB) histochemistry. HSP72(as neuronal damage marker), MAP2(as nerve fiber degeneration marker), c-Fos(immediate early gene), and Bax(pro-apoptotic molecule) expressions were examined using immuno-histochemistry. Individual immuno-positive cells expressing HSP72, MAP2, c-Fos and Bax were observed on the damaged level and the upper thoracic and lower lumbar spinal segments. Results :1. CR reduced degeneration of nerve fibers and motor neuron shrinkage in the ventral horn of the lower lumbar spinal segment, but generally it did not seem to ameliorate the tissue injury following SCI. 2. CR reduced demyelination in the ventral and lateral funiculus of the lower lumbar spinal segment. 3. CR reduced HSP72 expression on the neurons in the peri-central canal gray matter adjacent to the damaged region. 4. CR strengthened MAP2 expression on the motor neurons in the ventral horn and on nerve fibers in the lateral funiculus of the lower lumbar spinal segment. 5. CR reduced c-Fos positive cells in the peri-lesion and the dorsal horn of the damaged level and in the ventral horn of the lower lumbar spinal segment. 6. CR reduced Bax positive cells in the peri-lesion and the dorsal horn of the damaged level and in the ventral horn of the lower lumbar spinal segment. Conclusions :These results suggest that CR plays an inhibitory role against secondary neuronal damage and nerve fiber degeneration following SCI.

황련해독탕(黃連解毒湯)이 척수 압박손상 흰쥐의 운동기능 장애에 미치는 영향

성주원 ( Ju Won Seong ),반효정 ( Hyo Jung Bahn ),김성준 ( Seong Joon Kim ),김기역 ( Ki Yuk Kim ),신정원 ( Jung Won Shin ),강희 ( Hee Kang ),손낙원 ( Nak Won Sohn ) 한방재활의학과학회 2010 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Objectives :This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Hwangryunhaedok-tang(Huanglianjiedu-tang; HHT) water extract on locomotor dysfunction induced by spinal cord injury(SCI) in rats. Methods :SCI was induced by mechanical contusion following laminectomy of 10th thoracic vertebra in Sprague-Dawley rats. HHT was orally given once a day for 14 days after SCI. Neurological behavior was examined with the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale. Tissue damage and nerve fiber degeneration were examined with cresyl violet and luxol fast blue staining. Using immunohistochemistry, cellular damage to neurons and nerve fibers were examined against Bax and MAP-2. As inflammatory response markers, iNOS and COX-2 expressions were also examined. Results :1. HHT ameliorated the locomotor dysfunction of the SCI-induced rats. 2. HHT attenuated the reduction of motor neurons in the ventral horn of the SCI-induced rat spinal cord. 3. HHT significantly reduced the number of Bax positive cells in the peri-lesion of the SCI-induced rat spinal cord. 4. HHT attenuated the reduction of MAP-2 positive cells in the peri-lesion of the SCI-induced rat spinal cord. 3. HHT significantly reduced the number of iNOS and COX-2 positive cells in the peri-lesion of the SCI-induced rat spinal cord. Conclusions :These results suggest that HHT improves the locomotor dysfunction of SCI by protecting motor neurons from cell death through anti-inflammatory effect.

흰쥐의 전층피부손상에서 온청음(溫淸飮)이 신생혈관형성에 미치는 영향

김범회,이해웅,손낙원,박동일,Kim, Bum-Hoi,Lee, Hae-Woong,Sohn, Nak-Won,Park, Dong-Il1 대한예방한의학회 2010 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.14 No.1

The wound healing process can be categorized as follows : inflammation, fibroplasia, neovascularization, collagen deposition, epithelialization, and wound contraction. During the healing process, various growth factors are secreted to accelerate wound healing. Previous studies have demonstrated that endogenous growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) are the important regulatory polypeptides for coordinating the healing process. They are released from macrophages, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes at the site of injury and participate in the regulation of reepithelization, granulation tissue formation, collagen synthesis and neovascularization. Onchung-Um has been used clinically to treat various skin diseases. In addition, Onchung-Um has been also used for congestive inflammations. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Onchung-Um on wound healing process and wound size reduction in rats. Full-thickness skin wounds ($15mm\;{\times}\;15mm$) were created on the back of rats. Rats were then divided into 2 groups : The Onchung-Um treated group that was orally administered with a dose of 193.9mg/100g of Onchung-Um extract per day for 15 days and Control group without Onchung-Um administration. Moreover, the histological changes and VEGF immunoexpressions of two groups were estimated. In results, wound closures were significantly accelerated by oral administration of Onchung-Um extract. Furthermore, in Onchung-Um treated group, there were significant increases in fibroblast migration, epithelialization compared with the Control group. VEGF expressions were also increased in Onchung-Um treated group. This study has therefore demonstrated the Onchung-Um can significantly improve the quality of wound healing and scar formation and the oral administration of Onchung-Um extract may increase early tissue angiogenesis in the incisional wound of an experimental animal model.

흥화가 Cholesterol식이에 의한 토끼의 죽상동맥경화증에 미치는 조직학적 연구

박낙진(PARK Nak Jin),손낙원(SOHN Nak Won),이학인(LEE Hak In) 대한체질인류학회 1998 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.11 No.1

홍화 (Flos Carthaml) 가 cholesterol 식이에 의한 토끼의 죽상동맥경화증에 미치는 영향을 조직학적으로 관찰하기 위하여 토끼에 4% cholesterol 사료와 4% cholestet 이 및 4% 홍화 건조분말 사료를 각각 하루에 토끼체중 lkg 당 약 100g 씩 12 주간 투여한 후 대동맥 속막에 형성된 죽종의 변화를 관찰하였다. 홍화의 동시투여가 대동맥 속막에 점액단백질을 억제하여 죽종의 형성을 억제하는 작용이 있는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 대동맥 중간막의 탄력섬유가 손상을 감소시킴으로써 섬유를 사이 간격이 넓어져서 지질침착이 촉진되는 것을 방어하는 역할을 하고, 아교섬유 성상의 변화도 감소시킨 것으로 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과로 보아, 아직 그 작용기전에 대하여는 머 연구되어야 할것이나, 홍화가 고지혈증에 의한 동맥벽의 지질침착 방지에 효능이 있는 것으로 생각된다.

생발음(生髮飮)-2 피부도포가 C57BL/6 마우스의 육모촉진에 미치는 효과

한애리 ( Ae Ri Han ),손낙원 ( Nak Won Sohn ),정석희 ( Seok Hee Chung ),김성수 ( Sung Su Kim ),송미연 ( Mi Yeon Song ) 한방재활의학과학회 2009 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.19 No.4

Objectives: Saengbal-eum-2(Shengfa-yin-2) is a hair care product which is composed of ten plant extracts used in oriental medicine. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Saengbal-eum-2(Shengfa-yin-2) on hair regrowth and cytokine changes in a shaving model of C57BL/6 mice. Materials and Methods: Five-week-old mice were acclimated for 1 week at a temperature between 21-23℃, 40-60% relative humidity, and 12h of a light/dark cycle before beginning of the experiment. There were three experimental groups including 50% ethanol (EtOH, control), a positive control of 3% Minoxidil, and 30% Saengbal-eum-2(Shengfa-yin-2) in 50% ethanol in 18 female mice. The test compounds were topically treated once a day over 12 days. The hair regrowth was photographically and histologically determined during the experimental period of 12 days. Revelation of EGF, TGF-β1 and IL-6 in hair follicle were also determined using immunohistochemistry. In addition to that, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in skin tissue were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results: Hair regrowth in 3% Minoxidil and Saengbal-eum-2(Shengfa-yin-2) groups was promoted earlier and faster than the control group. Concentrations of hairs and thick-hair ratio in 3% Minoxidil and Saengbal-eum-2(Shengfa-yin-2) groups were promoted than the control group. EGF was moderately positive in hair follicle of 3% Minoxidil and Saengbal-eum-2(Shengfa-yin-2) groups, but negative in the control group. TGF-β1 was not significantly difference between the groups. IL-6 in hair follicle of Saengbal-eum-2(Shengfa-yin-2) group was negative, but weakly positive in 3% Minoxidil and control group. IL-6 and IL-1β in skin tissue were significantly decreased in Saengbal-eum-2(Shengfa-yin-2) group, but there was not significantly decreased in 3% Minoxidil and control group. TNF-α in skin tissue was significantly decreased in 3% Minoxidil and Saengbal-eum-2(Shengfa-yin-2) groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that Saengbal-eum-2(Shengfa-yin-2) has hair growth promoting activity and it can be used for treatment of alopecia. And these effects relate to EGF revelation of hair follicle and a decrease IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in skin tissue.

총명탕, 원지, 석창포가 베타아밀로이드로 유발된 학습과 기억장애에 미치는 영향

박은경,심은섭,정혁상,손낙원,손영주,Park, Eun-Kyung,Shim, Eun-Shep,Jung, Hyuk-Sang,Sohn, Nak-Won,Sohn, Young-Joo 대한한방내과학회 2008 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.29 No.3

Objectives : This study investigated the protective effects of the water extracts of Chongmyung-tang, Polygalae Radix, and Acori Graminei Rhizoma in an in vivo Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model. Methods : Memory impairment was induced by an intraventricular injection of $A{\beta}25-35$ peptides and subsequently Chongmyung-tang, Polygalae Radix, or Acori Graminei Rhizoma extract were administered orally for 14days. Results : In the water maze task, Chongmyung-tang, Polygalae Radix, and Acori Graminei Rhizoma extracts improved learning ability during the acquisition period and significantly increased memory scores during the retention period versus $A{\beta}-injected$ controls. Furthermore, the toxicity of $A{\beta}25-35$ on hippocampus was assessed immunohistochemically (Tau, MAP2, TUNEL, Bax) and by in vitro study. Chongmyung-tang, Polygalae Radix, and Acori Graminei Rhizoma demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects against oxidative damage and apoptotic cell death of hippocampal neurons damaged by $A{\beta}25-35$. Conclusions : These results suggested that Chongmyung-tang, Polygalae Radix and Acori Graminei Rhizoma extract improve memory impairment and reduce Alzheimer's dementia via anti-apoptotic effects and by modulating the expressions of Tau and MAP2 protein in the hippocampus.