장기표면의 내외봉한관과 봉한소체의 형태학적 관찰

안성훈 ( Seong Hun Ahn ),김민수 ( Min Su Kim ),이상훈 ( Sang Hun Lee ),권오상 ( O Sang Kwon ),김재효 ( Jae Hyo Kim ),소광섭 ( Kwang Sup Soh ),손인철 ( In Chul Sohn ) 대한경락경혈학회 2009 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.26 No.1

Objective: In 1960`s Bonghan Kim`s team found BongHan(BH) ducts which were presumed as acupuncture meridians and BH corpuscles. They asserted Bonghan theory and SanAl theory which was involved in cell division and cell restoration. However, many other experiments which had been operated to demonstrate and find the existence of BH ducts had failed because of the secret of blue stain drugs. During the last several years, BongHan theory has been revived through experimental researches to find the anatomical structures of BH ducts and corpuscles by Soh`s Biomedical Physics Lab. Soh`s research team used the staining with Janus Green B, Alcian blue, nanoparticles and Acridine Orange. We used DAPI staining to find the existence of BH ducts and the corpuscles and to observe nuclear arrangement. Methods: We used japan white rabbits as experimental animals. BH ducts and corpuscles were stained with DAPI. The nucleus configuration in BH ducts stained with DAPI were observed with microscope. Results: In this study, we found thread like structures in silver white color distinguished from the blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels. These thread like vessels in the linear duct shape were connected to same colored mass in the ball shape. Thread like structures we found could be separated easily from the surrounding other organ mass. The nuclei of the thread like structure in DAPI staining, are about 10~20㎛ length, in rod shape and linear arrangement. Conclusion: We concluded that the thread like structure we found was same vessel reported by Soh`s research team, BongHan ducts and corpuscle.

사람 손의 지연발광 특성

양준모,최준호,소광섭,임우택,이한상,채승병,윤세열,이경일,신은석,최선미,Yang, Joon-Mo,Choi, Chun-Ho,Soh, Kwang-Sup,Lim, Woo-Taek,Lee, Han-Sang,Chae, Seung-Byung,Yoon, Se-Yeol,Lee, Kyung-Il,Shin, Eun-Seok,Choi, Sun-Mi 한국광학회 2006 한국광학회지 Vol.17 No.1

6명 피험자의 손바닥과 손등의 일정 영역에 대해 광조사 시간과 파장을 변인으로 하여 빛을 조사한 후 되방출 되는 지연발광을 PMT를 검출기로 한 지연발광 검출장치를 이용하여 시간영역(time domain) 상에서 측정하였다. 광조사 시간을 바꾸어가며 지연발광 특성을 조사한 결과 광조사 시간에는 뚜렷한 의존성을 찾을 수 없었으나 각 피험자마다 지연발광의 세기, 지속시간 등에 있어서 다른 감쇄 특성을 보였다. 그리고 조사광의 파장(색깔)을 350${\~}$450 nm, 450${\~}$550 nm, 550${\~}$650 nm 세 영역으로 나누어 측정한 결과 350${\~}$450 nm영역에서는 강한 지연발광을 보였으나 나머지 영역에서의 지연발광은 상대적으로 미약함을 알 수 있었다. 사람 피부에서의 지연발광 현상은 피험자의 피부조직의 생리상태(활성산소의 농도)와 밀접한 관련이 있을 것으로 예상되며 인체피부 조직의 생리상태를 비침습적으로 진단할 수 있는 새로운 방법이 될 수 있음을 시사한다. Delayed luminescence from human hands after illumination by light at different wavelength bands was studied. A delayed luminescence measurement system equipped with photomultiplier tube (PMT), fiber optics and automatic mechanical shutter system was developed. Three spectrum band-pass filters, fer which transmissions are on 350${\~}$450 nm, 450${\~}$550 nm and 550${\~}$650 nm, were used to select irradiation wavelength, and 150W metal-halide lamp was used as an illumination source. Six volunteers put their palms (dorsa) onto the measurement system, and after light illumination, delayed luminescence were measured for 10 minutes. The results show that delayed luminescence after shorter wavelength illumination was higher than that a(ter longer wavelength one. These results indicate the existence of accepters in human skin which can be excited at short wavelengths. Furthermore, each subjects showed different delayed luminescence curve patterns. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to have important roles on delayed luminescence, and this research suggests that ROS concentration can be measured noninvasively with optical methods.

센서용 거대자기저항 스핀밸브소자의 열처리 효과

이상석,박상현,소광섭,주호완,김기왕,황도근,Lee, Sang-Suk,Park, Sang-Hyun,Soh, Kwang-Sup,Joo, Ho-Wan,Kim, Gi-Wang,Hwang, D.G. 한국자기학회 2007 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.17 No.4

셀(cell) 단위의 생체분자의 자성특성 검출을 위한 거대자기저항-스핀밸브(giant magnetoresistance-spin valves; GMR-SV) 바이오센서로서 미세 패턴된 모양에 따라 길이 방향과 폭 방향 용이축에 의존하는 자기저항 특성을 연구하였다. 바이오센서(biosensor)로서 사용할 스핀밸브 다층구조는 glass/NiO/NiFe/CoFe/Cu/CoFe/NiFe 이었다. 자성 다층박막의 일축이방성을 만들기 위해 증착시와 소자 패턴닝 후 진공 열처리를 $200^{\circ}C$에서 300 Oe 정도 외부자기장을 인가하였다. 형상자기이방성 효과를 고려하여 광 리소그래피 과정으로 얻은 미세 활성영역 패턴 사이즈는 $2{\times}5{\mu}m^2$로 정하였다. 2단자법으로 길이방향의 센싱전류와 폭 방향의 고정층의 용이축 방향 각도에 의존하는 자장민감도의 변화는 바이오센서 소자로서 활용에 중요한 요인임을 확인하였다. In order to detect of the magnetic property in the cell unit, we studied the GMR-SV (giant magnetoresistance-spin valves) biosensor, which was depended on the micro patterned features according to two easy directions of longitudinal and transversal axes. Here, the multi layer structure was glass/NiO/NiFe/CoFe/Cu/CoFe/NiFe. The uniaxial anisotropy direction was applied to the patterned biosensor during the deposition and vacuum post-annealing at $200^{\circ}C$ under the magnitude of 300 Oe, respectively. Considering the magnetic shape anisotropy effect, the size of micro patterned biosensor was a $2{\times}5{\mu}m^2$ after the photo lithography process. By our experimental results, we confirmed that the best condition of GMR-SV biosensor should be the same direction of the axis sensing current and the easy axis of pinned NiO/NiFe/CoFe triple layer oriented to the width direction of device, and the direction of the easy axis of free CoFe/NiFe bilayer was according to the longitudinal direction of device.

Intradermal Alcian-Blue Injection Method to Trace Acupuncture Meridians

성백경,김민수,오가이,강대인,소광섭,Sung, Baeck-Kyoung,Kim, Min-Su,Ogay, Vyacheslav,Kang, Dae-In,Soh, Kwang-Sup KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2008 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.11 No.2

목적 : 본 논문에서는 경락을 추적하기 위한 피내(皮內) 알시안 블루(Alcian blue) 염색 방법을 기술한다. 방법 : 1% 알시안 블루 용액을 31게이지 바늘이 달린 0.5mL 인슐린 주사기를 사용하여 경혈 지점에 피내 주사한 후 실체 현미경하에서 수술, 관찰하였다. 면역조직화학적 방법을 사용하여 해당 조직을 레이저 공초점주사현미경으로 관찰하였다. 결과 : 알시안 블루로 염색되고 피하로 이어지는 실 모양 구조물을 관찰하였다. 이 조직 내에서 특징적인 막대모양 핵 배열 및 $1-2{\mu}m$크기의 데옥시리보핵산 입자가 관찰되었다. 또한 경혈 조직 내에서 풍부한 모세혈관총 및 말초신경 말단, 그리고 약 $300{\mu}m$크기의 소체형 구조물을 확인하였다. 결론 : 경혈 지점의 피내에서 발견된 특징적 실 모양 구조물 및 소체형 구조물은 각각 표층 봉한관 및 소체로 판단된다. Objective In this article, we report on the intradermal Alcian blue staining method for tracing the meridians of acupuncture. Methods 1% Alcian blue solution was injected into acupoints by using a 0.5mL insulin syringe with a 31-gauge needle, then the skin was incised and was observed under a stereoscopic microscope. The specimens were examined by using immunohistochemical methods and were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope. Results A threadlike structure, which was visualized with Alcian blue, existed in dermis layer and proceeded to hypodermis. In this structure, characteristic alignments of rod- shaped nuclei and $1-2{\mu}m$ sized DNA granules were observed. Furthermore, abundant blood capillary plexuses, peripheral nerve endings, and a corpuscle-like structure(about $300{\mu}m$ in diameter) were visualized in the skin tissues of acupoints. Conclusion It was concluded that the specific threadlike and corpuscle-like structures corresponded to superficial Bonghan duct and corpuscle, respectively.

Trypan blue 도포를 사용한 누드 마우스와 흰쥐에서 경혈자리 찾기와 DiI 추적 법

이병천,엄기훈,배경희,강대인,소광섭,Lee, Byung-Cheon,Uhm, Ki-Hoon,Bae, Kyoung-Hee,Kang, Dae-In,Soh, Kwang-Sup 대한약침학회 2009 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.12 No.3

Objectives: To find the potential acupuncture points by using Trypan blue staining on the skin of rat and Nude mouse. Methods: 0.4% Trypan blue was applied to the skin of rat or Nude mouse previously treated by surfactant. Washing by warm saline was followed after enough application of trypan blue and surfactant. Frequency of Trypan blue application should be varied to the experimental animals' condition for visualizing significant spots. Results: Blue spots appeared roughly in symmetry along kidney meridian or stomach meridian. Several spots outside of kidney or stomach meridian were also observed; however, the detail stereoscopic images of those blue spots were slightly different according to the position blue-colored. DiI signals were visualized along blood vessel after DiI injection into the Trypan blue-visualized blue spots. Conclusion: Our method to visualize the potential acupuncture points as a blue spot on rat and Nude mouse skins may contribute to the next step for finding specific flowing channels among blue spots.

마우스 장기표면 봉한관 및 봉한소체의 발견 방법에 관한 연구

이병천,이창훈,소경순,강대인,소광섭,Lee, Byung-Cheon,Lee, Chang-Hoon,Soh, Kyung-Sun,Kang, Dae-In,Soh, Kwang-Sup 대한약침학회 2006 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.9 No.3

Though anatomical and histological investigations on the novel threadlike and corpuscular structures, Bonghan duct(BHD) and Bonghan corpuscles(BHC) of internal organs of rats and rabbits were extensively studied. In this article we introduce the refined method to observe the BHD and BHC on the internal organs of mice. This development is needed because immunohistochemical analysis and other modern biological techniques were mostly applicable only to mice but not to rats and rabbits. We made uses of grazing effect of light as well as discriminating technique of BHD/C from fibrin and take the novel structures, BHD/C on mouse internal organ. The specimens taken were examined by hematoxyline and eosin(H & E) and revealed as novel structures. Our method described herein to take BHD/C characterization of mouse, especially for stem cell related researches.

적외선의 의용 물리학적 특성 및 활용

최준호(Ho Choi Chun),소광섭(Kwang Sup Soh) 대한한의진단학회 2000 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.4 No.1

N/A N/A

스핀밸브 바이오 센서를 이용한 혈액과 나노입자의 자성특성 검출

박상현(Sang-Hyun Park),소광섭(Kwang-Sup Soh),안명천(Myung-Cheon Ahn),황도근(Do-Guwn Hwang),이상석(Sang-Suk Lee) 한국자기학회 2006 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.16 No.3

In this study, a high sensitive giant magnetoresistance-spin valve (GMR-SV) bio-sensing device with high linearity and very low hysteresis was fabricated by photolithography and ion beam deposition sputtering system. Detection of the Fe-hemoglobin inside in a red blood and magnetic nanoparticles using the GMR-SV bio-sensing device was investigated. Here a human’s red blood includes hemoglobin, and the nanoparticles are the Co-ferrite magnetic particles coated with a shell of amorphous silica which the average size of the water-soluble bare cobalt nanoparticles was about 9 ㎚ with total size of about 50 ㎚. When 1 ㎃ sensing current was applied to the current electrode in the patterned active GMR-SV devices with areas of 5×10 ㎛² and 2×6 ㎛², the output signals of the GMRSV sensor were about 100 ㎷ and 14 ㎷, respectively. In addition, the maximum sensitivity of the fabricated GMR-SV sensor was about 0.1~0.8%/Oe. The magnitude of output voltage signals was obtained from four-probe magnetoresistive measured system, and the picture of real-time motion images was monitored by an optical microscope. Even one drop of human blood and nanopartices in distilled water were found to be enough for detecting and analyzing their signals clearly.

낮은 정자기장 하에서 프리모 시스템 산알의 운동특성 연구

이상석(Sang-Suk Lee),소광섭(Kwang-Sup Soh) 한국자기학회 2011 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.21 No.6

The motion features of sanals inside of the primo vascular system (PVS), that is so-called the Kyungrak system, are investigated under a low static magnetic field by using the anatomy technology and optical microscope. The sanals with a size of about 1 selected and separated from the primo vessel and node of the real PVS inside of the surface of the internal organs are observed from rabbits abdominal wall and dipped with PBS liquid inside of petri dish. The sanals moving velocity along the direction of magnetic field (xdirection) and perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field (y-direction) under the low magnetic field of 0 Oe, 20 Oe, 40 Oe, 60 Oe, and 80 Oe, respectively, is observed below a internal temperature of 38 oC. Ten sanals moving velocities versus magnetic field are shown two differently dominant tendencies with an average velocity of 0.9 pixel/s and a random velocity according to the x-direction and y-direction, respectively. This experimental results imply that the rotating motion of sanal with nuclei DNA composed of many inorganic magnetic materials of Mn and Co is monotonically weakened by the increase of applied magnetic field.

압력에 따른 맥파의 푸리에 분석

윤영준,이명화,신학수,정현민,조정현,소광섭,Yoon Young-Jun,Lee Myeong-Hwa,Shin Hak-Soo,Johng Hyun-Min,Cho Johng-Hyun,Soh Kwang-Sup 대한예방한의학회 1999 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.3 No.1

압력을 증가시켜가며 맥파를 측정하여 맥파의 진동수와 푸리에 진폭이 가해준 압력에 따라 어떠한 양상을 보이는지 조사하였다. 맥파의 기본 진동수는 압력에 따른 변화를 거의 보이지 않았으며, 푸리에 진폭은 개인의 체질에 따라 몇 가지 유형으로 분류될 수 있음을 보였다. 이 유형들을 다시 푸리에 진폭이 최고점에 이를 때의 압력의 크기와 최고점에서의 상태를 유지할 수 있는 압력의 범위에 따라 맥상의 여러 형태와 연관지을 수 있음을 보였다. We investigate how the frequency and the Fourier amplitude of the pulse wave behave as the contact pressure of the sensor on the skin increases. The results are that the fundamental frequency of the pulse wave hardly changes and the Fourier amplitude has several different patterns depending on the personal constitution, and its patterns are classified. We also show that the classified patterns can be related to the different pulse types by the magnitude of the pressure required to reach the maximum Fourier amplitude and the range of the pressure at which the maximum Fourier amplitude is maintained.