기술기반 창업교육프로그램의 개발에 관한 연구

성창수(Chang-Soo Sung),김다혜(Dahye Kim) 한국디지털콘텐츠학회 2021 한국디지털콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.22 No.5

시니어창업자의 창업니즈에 관한 탐색적 연구

성창수 ( Chang Soo Sung ),조성현 ( Sung Hyun Cho ),변충규 ( Chung Gyu Byun ) 한국생산성학회 2013 生産性論集 Vol.27 No.1

That has increased more than 50 self-employed than other populous baby boom generation ages, the self-employed after retirement from the second to find a job. This study has surveyed the senior entrepreneur who start-up business. The data have been collected by questioning 510 persons. This study using reliability test, factor analysis and cluster analysis. Mixture model was conducted to segment individuals into three groups based on their demographic variable, entrepreneurship and start-up characteristics. Results of cluster analysis, preliminary senior entrepreneurs depending on their individual capacity and resources will differ in entrepreneurship, and hope there are different industries. Current preliminary indiscriminate targeting entrepreneurs financial assistance and educational support is an issue, and needs identified through screening a foundation tailored support is required.

일반 논문 : 시니어창업 의사결정에 미치는 영향요인에 관한 연구

성창수 ( Chang Soo Sung ),김진수 ( Jin Soo Kim ) 한국중소기업학회 2011 中小企業硏究 Vol.33 No.3

최근 우리나라는 ``고용없는 성장의 시대``에서 급속한 고령화와 조기퇴직의 사회현상은 청년실업과 더불어 사회경제적으로 큰 영향을 초래할 전망이다. 이와 더불어 약 712만 명의 베이비붐 세대가 주 퇴직연령대에 진입하면서 생산인력 부족현상의 초래 및 경제적 위협에 따라 정년을 맞은 시니어 세대의 구직난이 본격화되고 창업에 대한 참여 및 관심은 점차 높아지고 있다. 이러한 환경변화에 따라 시니어창업의 중요성을 재인식하고 급변하는 창업환경에서 창업을 준비하는 시니어 창업가의 특성을 규명하는 연구의 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 급변하는 창업환경에서 시니어 창업가의 개인적 특성요인인 기업가정신과 창업역량 및 환경요인이 창업의도와 초기 창업가 행동에 미치는 영향요인을 규명하여 각 연구 개념간의 연관성을 밝히고자 한다. 이를 바탕으로 시니어창업의 의사결정에 영향을 미치는 개념들의 세부 메커니즘과 구체적인 적용방향을 제시함으로써 새로운 위기에 직면한 시니어의 성공창업을 위한 기초 자료를 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 실증분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기업가정신이 창업태도에 미치는 영향관계를 검증한 결과, 위험감수성은 창업태도에 영향을 미쳤으나 자율성과 진취성은 창업태도에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 둘째, 창업역량은 창업태도, 주관적 규범, 인지된 행동통제에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 창업태도와 인지된 행동통제는 창업의도에 각각 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나 주관적 규범은 창업의도에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 못했다. 넷째, 창업의도가 초기 창업가 행동에 미치는 영향관계를 검증한 결과 기회발견과 기회개발에 유의한 영향관계가 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구 결과에 대한 다양한 시사점과 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다. The current socioeconomic condition in South Korea is characterized by early retirement and a shift toward an elderly society. The fact that the age group of 50 or older is about 46.7% of total workforce poses a threat for future economic growth crisis. (The fact that the age group of 50 or older composes 46.7% of the total workforce could be a detrimental factor for future economic growth.) Even now in South Korea`s contemporary society, the retired workforce suffers economically as well as socially. To solve these socioeconomic problems, Small Business Administration is running many different projects and public policies to support senior entrepreneurship. Recently, developed countries such as the U.S., England, Australia and New Zealand have recognized the importance of senior entrepreneurship and are performing various research to systemize concepts for senior entrepreneurship. TTo solve these socioeconomic problems, the Small Business Administration is running many different projects and public policies to support senior entrepreneurship. Recently, developed countries such as the United States, England, Australia and New Zealand have recognized the importance of senior entrepreneurship and are performing various research to systemize concepts for senior entrepreneurship. The purpose of this research was to explain the concept of senior entrepreneurship and the importance of it by systemizing the relationship between beginner entrepreneur and entrepreneurial intention. As the ultimate objective of this research is to develop a systematic strategy to enhance the current entrepreneurial decision making process for senior entrepreneurs, the focus of this research has been set to the details about factors and mechanisms that influences start ups by senior entrepreneurs. Importantly, to identify general process of senior entrepreneurship, Ajzen`s (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior model was used. After reviewing the relevant literature, we developed a model and set our research hypotheses as follows H1: Risk taking will have a positive effect on entrepreneurial attitude. H2: Autonomy will have a positive effect on entrepreneurial attitude. H3: Proactiveness will have a positive effect on entrepreneurial attitude. H4: Entrepreneurial skill will have a positive effect on entrepreneurial attitude. H5: Entrepreneurial skill will have a positive effect on subjective norms. H6: Entrepreneurial skill will have a positive effect on perceived behavioral control. H7: Entrepreneurial attitude will have a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. H8: Subjective norms will have a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. H9: Perceived behavioral control will have a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. H10: Perceived barriers will have a negative effect on entrepreneurial intention. H11: Perceived support will have a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. H12: Entrepreneurial intention will have a positive effect on the discovery of business chances. H13: Entrepreneurial intention will have a positive effect on the exploitation of business chances. To get the sample data, survey was conducted between October 25, 2010 and November 13, 2010 of seniors who graduated from a senior entrepreneurship academy operated by the Korea Small Business Administration. We received 371 responses and excluded 141 responses due to incomplete answers. Finally we accepted 230 samples. We employed two statistical packages, SPSS 15.0 for descriptive and reliability analysis and AMOS 7.0 for confirmatory factor analysis and structural model analysis with latent variables. We found that questionnaires containing incomplete answers had two types. The first type, which were about thirty six percent of the incomplete questionnaires, were missing more than fifty percent of the values per construct. To use incomplete questionnaires in statistical tests, we adopted a regression input for the missing values which were less than fifty percent of the items per construct. Second, we eliminated questionnaires containing a series of the same response value or of the same response values pattern. Although we tried to translate English questions into Korean questions to make it easy to check values, seniors who are about fifty years old or older may have difficulties to respond to these questions because of their age. The minimum value of Cronbach`s α in the twelve research constructs is 0.721 and the maximum is 0.906. Fit indexes of confirmatory factor analysis model are χ2(df)=491.116(368), p=0.000, RMSEA=0.038, GFI=0.888, AGFI=0.848, TLI=0.956 and CFI=0.965. In this test, composite reliabilities are 0.640 through 0.892 and AVEs (Average Variance Extracted) are 0.472 through 0.814. Research constructs in confirmatory factor analysis have discriminant validity because all of the 95 percent confidence intervals of correlation coefficient among the twelve latent variables do not include one. Fit indexes of our research model represent a satisfactory level in structural equation analysis (χ2(df)=643.475(406), p=0.000, RMSEA=0.051, GFI=0.854, AGFI=0.821, TLI=0.923, CFI=0.933). In the research model, significant paths/standardized coefficient/hypotheses are as follow; 「entrepreneurial skill → entrepreneurial attitude, 0.080」(H4), 「entrepreneurial skill → subjective norms, 0.703」(H5), 「entrepreneurial skill → perceived behavioral control, 0.894」(H6), 「entrepreneurial attitude → entrepreneurial intention, 0.296」(H7), 「perceived behavioral control → entrepreneurial intention, 0.395」(H9), 「entrepreneurial intention → discovery, 0.603」(H12), 「entrepreneurial intention → exploitation, 0.217」 (H13). We should revise our research model because, in testing the research model, there were two paths containing M.I. of more than ten. So, we tested the revised model with added two paths in the research model. The two paths were 「subjective norms → entrepreneurial attitude」 and 「subjective norms → perceived behavior control」. Fit indexes of the revised model were better than those of the research model (χ2(df)=619.654(404), p=0.000, RMSEA=0.048, GFI=0.857, AGFI=0.825, TLI=0.930, CFI=0.939) and the χ2 difference test between the revised model and the research model was significant. So we accepted the revised model as the final model. In the final model, we found full mediation effects of entrepreneurial attitude and perceived behavioral control, respectively in the relationship of subjective norms and entrepreneurial intention. The overall results supported H1(0.469), but not H2(-0.216, -0.172). The result shows that risk-taking, rather than autonomy, is the factor that influences entrepreneurial decision making for seniors(Dess and Lumpkin, 2005). Results also supported H4(0.458), H5(0.485), H6(H510). Similar to the Linan`s(2008) proven fact, entrepreneurial capabilities have been shown to have the largest impact along with entrepreneurial behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. H7(0.383) and H9(0.386) were supported by the results, but H8 was rejected. The overall result is similar with previous research performed by Linan(2008) and Linan and Chen(2009). On the other hand, H10 and H11 were rejected due to the lack of government support for senior entrepreneurship and the lack of a suitable socioeconomical environment. Lastly, H12(0.597) and H13(0.214) was supported by the results. The results of this research were organized by Ajzen`s(1991) TPB model. According to the results, there were positive relationships between entrepreneurial behavior, entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial capabilities. These results show that the Senior Entrepreneurship Education Center should focus on educating seniors based on enhancing entrepreneurship capabilities. In addition, since risk taking was the only factor that affected entrepreneurial behavior, it is important to educate seniors to manage possible risks. Another result showed that subjective norms had a relatively large impact on entrepreneurial behavior and on perceived behavioral control. Therefore, entrepreneurship education institutions should focus on building a curriculum based on communication. Lastly, Korean senior entrepreneurs were found to focus on opportunity findings rather than environmental restrictions. This shows that it is realistic for the government to support senior entrepreneurship rather than putting the focus on economic relief. Limitations and future research proposals have been categorized in seven different parts. Following is the list of those categories: lack of previous research about senior entrepreneurship, need for longitudinal study, limitation on error estimation, limitation on samples, need for various approach methods on senior entrepreneurship, need to develop a comparison model between senior and young adult entrepreneurs, and a need to categorize senior entrepreneurs based on the years they were in business.

소비자관점에서 계획적 진부화가 스마트폰 교체의도에 미치는 영향 -소비자 혁신성의 조절효과를 중심으로-

변충규,성창수,Byun, Chung-Gyu,Sung, Chang-Soo 대한경영정보학회 2017 경영과 정보연구 Vol.36 No.1

많은 소비자들이 제품 교체결정에 직면했을 때, 진부화의 정도는 소비자의 태도와 구매행동에 영향을 미치고 있을 것이다. 이러한 영향관계를 알아보기 위해 본 연구의 목적은 계획적 진부화의 개념을 적용하여 스마트폰의 교체결정에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지 살펴보고, 스마트폰의 교체결정과정에서 소비자 혁신성과의 관계를 조사하고자 하였다. 스마트폰을 사용하고 있는 소비자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 총 205부가 최종 분석에 사용되었다. 본 연구 결과 계획적 진부화는 소비자의 교체의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 구체적으로 기능적 진부화, 심리적 진부화, 경제적 진부화의 순으로 교체의도에 영향을 주었다. 그리고 소비자 혁신성의 조절효과를 검증한 결과 고혁신성 집단에서는 기능적 진부화, 심리적 진부화, 경제적 진부화가 교체의도에 영향을 미쳤지만, 저혁신성 집단에서는 경제적 진부화에서만 영향관계가 확인되었다. 따라서 계획적 진부화의 영향력은 소비자의 혁신성이 높을수록 교체의도가 높음을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과는 성숙기 시장인 스마트폰 시장에서 교체구매행동을 이해할 수 있으며, 기업의 효과적인 판매 전략을 수립하는데 유용한 시사점을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study examined the relationships between planned obsolescence and replacement purchase intention. This study also analyze the moderating effect of consumer innovativeness use on the relationship of planned obsolescence and replacement purchase intention. From total 205 survey analysis, this study finds the positive relationship planned obsolescence and replacement purchase intention. The result of analysis indicated that the functional obsolescence had positive effects on replacement purchase intention. The result of analysis indicated that the economic obsolescence had positive effects on replacement purchase intention. The result of analysis indicated that the psychological obsolescence had positive effects on replacement purchase intention. The result also shows that consumer innovativeness had a moderating effect on the relationship between planned obsolescence and replacement purchase intention. Finally, this study concluded with a discussion of the implications of the research findings and directions for future research.

기술혁신과 고용의 질의 영향관계

최대수(Dae Soo Choi),성창수(Chang Soo Sung) 한국창업학회 2018 한국창업학회 Conferences Vol.2018 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 고용변화와 관련된 기술혁신의 범위를 확인하고 기술혁신이 고용의 질의 변화에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검증하는 것이다. 또한 고용의 양적인 측면에 대한 기업의 성향과 의 관계도 함께 확인하였다. 연구결과, 양질의 고용창출에 있어 기술혁신의 역할을 구체적으로 규명하고자 회귀분석을 실시하여 기술혁신이 고용의 질적 측면에 미치는 영향관계를 검증하였다. 기술혁신의 세부 요소인 제품혁신, 공정혁신, 조직혁신이 모두 고용의 질적 측면에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 고용의 양적 측면을 조절변수로 활용하여 추가분석을 실시하여, 제품혁신, 공정혁신, 조직혁신이 고용의 질에 미치는 영향관계에서 조절효과를 확인하였다. 이는 기술혁신 기업이 양질의 일자리 창출에 기여하고 새로운 기술융합의 시대인 4차 산업혁명을 준비하는 경제정책 수립에 시사점을 제시하였다. 또한 고용의 양적측면의 조절효과 검증결과 고용의 질적 측면과 양적 측면이 별도로 작용하지 않고 상호 연관성을 가지고 있다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to identify the extent of technological innovation related to employment change and to examine the impact of technological innovation on the quality of employment. In addition, we also confirmed the relationship with the tendency of enterprises to quantitative aspects of employment. Through this study, we have identified the role of technological innovation in the creation of high - quality employment and propose suggestions that can be reflected in policies in related fields. Regression analysis was used to examine the effect of technological innovation on the quality of employment. Product innovation, process innovation, and organizational innovation all had a significant positive impact on the quality of employment Respectively. In addition, the quantitative aspect of employment was used as a control variable, and further analysis was conducted. The adjustment effect was confirmed in the effect of product innovation, process innovation, and organizational innovation on the quality of employment. It can be interpreted that the jobs created by technological innovation companies are more likely to be superior in terms of quality, and it is a very encouraging result in preparation for the fourth industrial revolution based on new technology. In addition, it is confirmed that the qualitative and quantitative aspects of employment do not act separately and are related to each other.

정보기술역량과 창업태도 및 창업의도의 관계에 관한 연구

최대수(Dae Soo Choi),성창수(Chang Soo Sung) 한국IT서비스학회 2017 한국IT서비스학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Lately, there is a worldwide boom for start-ups. This trends has led to develop many policies for entrepreneurship in Korea, which focused on college education. Also, as the forth industrial revolution knows no borders, demands of software early education are expanding in line with strong interests in IT (Information Technology). Information technology is now an essential competency for all professionals who need creative thinking. And entrepreneurs are a representative job that requires creative thinking. This study suggests IT competencies-IT planning competencies (ITPC) and IT development competencies (ITDC) -as a core factor of the entrepreneurial intention. This paper is to study the relationship between IT competencies and entrepreneurial Intention. So we investigated IT competence and entrepreneurial intention in university students with a questionnaire. The results of this empirical study can be summarized as follows. First, IT planning competencies have positive influence on entrepreneurial attitude and intention. But IT development competencies do not influence directly on entrepreneurial intention. Second, entrepreneurial attitude have mediating effects in the relationship between IT planning competencies and entrepreneurial intention. So, we need to develop good contents related to the IT planning capabilities when organizing training programs in start-up course. In order to improve the quality of entrepreneurship education, it will be necessary to develop educational contents that can have a broad perspective for understanding the trends of technology convergence and creating opportunities.

외식창업자의 기업가지향성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향

변충규(Byun, Chung-Gyu),성창수(Sung, Chang-Soo) 한국관광레저학회 2011 관광레저연구 Vol.23 No.5

Platform Business Model Map을 활용한 플랫폼 기업의 수익모델 분석 :

정경희(Jung, Kyung-hee),성창수(Sung, Chang-soo) 한국창업학회 2017 한국창업학회지 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 최근 급부상하고 있는 플랫폼 기반 비즈니스 모델을 조사, 분석하여 플랫폼 비즈니스 모델의 역할과 중요성을 확인하고자 하였다. 이에 Rogers(2016)의 플랫폼 비즈니스 모델 맵(PBMM)을 적용하여, 국내·외 플랫폼 기반 대표적인 기업 및 창업기업의 사례연구를 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 플랫폼 참여 사용자들의 명확한 구분, 역할 설정 및 가치 교환의 균형에 집중해야하며, 플랫폼 핵심 구성요소인 인터페이스, 통신 지원 인프라 등의 기술적 환경조성과 플랫폼구성요소를 이용하기 위한 규칙 제시 및 플랫폼의 다른 사용자를 유인하기 위한 신규 수익원 발굴이 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 플랫폼 비즈니스 모델 맵(PBMM)은 플랫폼 기반 비즈니스 모델을 이해하는 데 효과적인 도구임을 확인하였고 이에 따른 전략적 시사점을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to identify the role and importance of the platform business model by investigating and analyzing the emerging platform based business model. Based on the platform business model map(PBMM) of Rogers(2016), we have conducted case studies of leading companies and start-up companies based on domestic and foreign platforms. As a result, it is important to focus on a clear distinction between platform users, role setting and value exchange, and to create technical environments such as interfaces and communication support infrastructure, which are core components of the platform, to present rules for using platform components, we need to find new sources of revenue to attract them. Based on this research, we confirmed that platform business model map is an effective tool for understanding platform based business model and suggested strategic implications.

대학생의 진로결정 자기효능감 및 진로적응성이 창업의도에 미치는 영향

변충규(Byun, Chung Gyu),성창수(Sung, Chang Soo) 한국창업학회 2017 한국창업학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Recently, entrepreneurship education for college students has influenced students experiences in career and career decision making. Nevertheless, there are not many studies investigating the relationship between college students career decision making and start-up preparation activities. The purpose of this study examined the relationships between career decision self-efficacy, career adaptability and entrepreneurial intention. Data for this study were collected by the survey on university students who are strongly interested in new business start up, and analyzed by structural equation modeling. The result of analysis indicated that the career decision self-efficacy had positive effects on career adaptability. The result of analysis indicated that the career adaptability had positive effects on entrepreneurial intention. Finally, this study concluded with a discussion of the implications of the research findings and directions for future research.

대학생의 취업선호도와 창업의도에 관한 사회적 영향관계 분석

김유신(Kim, Yu Shin),성창수(Sung, Chang-Soo),박주연(Park, Joo Y) 한국창업학회 2018 한국창업학회 Conferences Vol.2018 No.2

국내 고용시장의 분절화 현상이 심화되고 있다. 이러한 원인 중 하나로 대기업과 중소기업의 생산격차가 크기 때문에 대학생들은 창업 보다는 보다 안정적인 취업을 선호한다. 이러한 선택 의 기준을 경제적, 비경제적 또한 직업에 대한 정보를 위해 구인과 구인과정에서 중요한 행동을 하게 된다. 본 연구의 목적은 공과대학생을 대상으로 취업을 선호하는 원인과 추후 창업의도를 향상시키기 위한 사회적 영향요인에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 특히 부모, 지인, 개인의 창업경험과 취업 및 창업동아리 경험 등 사회적 영향관계가 취업을 선호하는 학생들의 진로선택 미치는 영향관계를 규명하고자 한다. 이를 위해 창업교육을 이수한 공과대학생 중 향후 진로를 취업으로 선택한 학생을 대상으로 질적 연구방법을 적용하였다. 취업을 선호하는 공과대학생 12명을 대상으로 집중 그룹 인터뷰(FGI)를 실시하였으며 주제묶음과 질문의 유사성을 분석한 후 구조화 하였다. 연구결과, 공학계열 학생의 취업 선호 이유로 안정적인 수입, 기업만의 시스템 경험, 부모님의 취업선호, 자금부족과 창업에 대한 지식부족 등으로 나타났다. 또한 취업을 선호한 학생들의 사회적 영향관계 중 지인의 창업경험에 따라 창업의도가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 현재는 창업의도가 낮은 학생일지라도 지인 및 주변 사회적 영향관계에 따라 창업에 대한 이해와 창업의도가 향상될 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 부족한 자금 및 사회 경험 등으로 인한 두려움과 취업을 선호하는 사회적 인식 및 관계가 학생들의 진로선택에 영향을 미친다는 본 연구결과는 실패를 두려워하지 않는 기업가정신 교육 확대와 창업에 대한 인식전환이 필요함을 시사한다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the negative effects of the career decision on career intentions and to find out the reasons why they prefer to work and the effect of parents, acquaintances, and individual entrepreneurship experience, I want to know. In the study, students preference for employment was due to stable income, system experience of the company, lack of knowledge about parents job preference, lack of funds, lack of entrepreneurship and influence of later acquaintances Respectively. Based on these results, the implications and implications of the negative effects on the entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship intention of the college students were presented.