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응집제 및 응집보조제 투입방법에 따른 음식물폐수의 처리특성
성낙창 ( Nak-chang Sung ),한영립 ( Young-rip Han ),정병길 ( Byung-gil Jung ),안영희 ( Yeong-hee Ahn ),최영익 ( Young-ik Choi ) 한국환경기술학회 2014 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.15 No.4
본 연구는 음식물폐수 처리를 위해 응집공정의 효율 향상을 위한 방안으로 응집보조제를 투입하여 음식물폐수내 유기물처리 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구를 위해 최적 응집제 투입 조건을 파악하기 위해 주입량, 교반조건 등을 Jar-test로 연구하였으며, 결과를 바탕으로 응집보조제 투입에 따른 유기물 농도를 파악하였다. 연구결과 최적응집제 투입량을 4.5 mL/L로 나타났으며, 최적응집제 투입량을 바탕으로 응집보조제를 투입하여 제거효율을 평가한 결과 COD<sub>Cr</sub>, TOC, UV<sub>254</sub>, 탁도 및 SS 항목에서 응집보조제 주입량 2.25 mL/L에서 가장 높은 효율을 나타내었다. 또한, 응집보조제 주입 방안에 관하여 응집 전주입, 응집 후 주입 및 동시주입으로 구분하여 실시한 결과 응집 전 주입 → 응집 후 주입 → 동시주입 순으로 나타났다. This study has improved coagulation processes in order to design a treatment plan by improving treatment process of food wastewater that is generated from a resource recovery plant of food wast. The optimal coagulation conditions were derived by observing the features of coagulation·mixing according to characteristics of water quality of food wastewater through a jar-tests. Based on them, optimal operating parameters were derived by analyzing treated wastewater quality. The optimal dosage of a polymer coagulant for food wastewater was found to be 4.5 mL/L. Besides, the optimal dosage of the polymer coagulant aids which is the optimal dosage of a polymer coagulant for food wastewater was found to be 2.25 mL/L in COD<sub>Cr</sub>, TOC, UV<sub>254</sub>, turbidity and SS. As a result of conducting the Jar-tests by changing the location of injection of the coagulant aids under optimal coagulation conditions into pre-injection, post-injection and co-injection in order to decide the location of injection of coagulant aids for food wastewater. They showed high removal efficiencies in the order of pre-injection → post-injection → co-injection.
마이크로파-열풍 융합 건조공정을 통한 유기성 폐기물의 고형연료(RDFs) 특성에 관한 연구
성낙창 ( Nak-chang Sung ),정병길 ( Byung-gil Jung ),최영익 ( Young-ik Choi ) 한국환경기술학회 2013 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.14 No.2
본 연구는 마이크로파-열풍 융합건조장치를 이용하여 유기성 자원의 활용하기 위해 음식물류 폐기물, 무연탄, 폐플라스틱 및 톱밥의 혼합비율에 따른 RDF(refuse derived fuel)의 품질 및 특성을 평가하고자 하며, 또한 건조물질의 삼성분(수분, 가연분, 회분), 발열량(고위발열량, 저위발열량), 금속 함량(Hg, Cd, Pb, As), 황분 함유량, 염소함유량 등 고형연료로서의 품질특성을 평가하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 음식물 쓰레기는 가연성 물질의 균질 혼합 및 건조효율 향상을 위하여 전처리를 실시하였고. 음식물 쓰레기의 건조효율 향상 및 발열량을 향상시키기 위해 2 mm 이하로 분쇄된 분말 형태의 저품질 무연탄 (Ac ; Anthracite coal), 폐플라스틱 (Wp ; Waste plastics) 및 분말 톱밥 (Sd ; Sawdust)을 혼합하여 건조실험을 실시하였고, 완전건조(함수율 10%)를 기준으로 운전하였다. 마이크로파-열풍 융합건조공정을 이용한 실험결과 최적 혼합비율은 음식물 쓰레기 70%와 톱밥30%를 혼합하였을 경우이며, 고형연료 품질기준을 분석한 결과 저위발열량은 5,663 kcal/kg(RDF 등급기준 2등급), 염소 함유량은 0.39% (RDF 등급기준 1등급), 수분 2.5% (RDF 등급기준 10% 미만), 회분 2.2% (RDF 등급기준 20% 미만), 황분 0.22% (RDF 등급기준 0.6% 미만)으로 나타났다. 중금속 함유량은 검출되지 않거나 허용한계에 비해 현격하게 낮은 수준으로 함유되어 있었으며, 고형연료 품질기준이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. The objectives of this study are to develope a method for recycling organic matter by using the microwave-thermal air hybrid drying process and to assess the quality and characteristics of RDF(refuse derived fuel) in terms of its 3-component analysis (water content, ash content and combustible content), heating values(high and low heating values), metallic ingredient contents (Hg, Cd, Pb and As), sulfur content and chlorine content based on operating parameters such as mixture ratios with food waste, anthracite coal, waste plastics and sawdust.The experiment using the microwave-thermal air hybrid drying process proved that an optimal mixture ratio was 70% of food waste and 30% of sawdust. The food waste used in this research was pre-treated for better drying efficiency. Also, to improve drying efficiency and heating values of food waste, an experiment was carried out to dry a mixture of powder-type low-quality Ac (Anthracite coal), Wp (Waste plastics) and Sd (Sawdust), all of which were ground to less than 2 mm. This experiment was also carried out in order to achieve less than 10% moisture content. The analysis of the RDF quality as the quality standard was observed the low heating value of 5,663 kcal/kg (2nd-class RDF); the chlorine content of 0.39% (1st-class RDF); the water content of 2.5% (less than RDF class standard of 10%); the combustible content of 2.2% (less than RDF class standard of 20%); and the sulfur content of 0.22% (less than RDF class standard 0.6%). Heavy metals were not detected or found significantly lower than permissible limits.
혐기성 소화에서의 가축분뇨와 음식물류 폐수의 혼합 비율에 따른 유기산 발생량에 관한 연구
성낙창 ( Nak-chang Sung ),권민지 ( Min-ji Kwon ),정진희 ( Jin-hee Jung ),최영익 ( Young-ik Choi ) 한국수처리학회(구 한국수처리기술연구회) 2018 한국수처리학회지 Vol.26 No.2
The overall food consumption in South Korea has increased along with economic growth. Especially, meat consumption has increased significantly, and the size of the animal production industry has also grown greatly. As a result, substantial amounts of livestock wastewater and food waste are being produced. Among them, anaerobic digestion is known as a method of acquiring energy by treating wastes and producing biogas at the same time. This anaerobic digestion process generates organic acids by acid-producing bacteria. When the amount of generated organic acids increases, the pH drops which might be toxic. The purpose of this study is to maintain the optimum pH during anaerobic digestion to control the decrease in digestion efficiency due to a drop in pH by simultaneously treating livestock waste, which have a relatively high pH, without using pH regulators. Three reactors, R1, R2, and R3, were used in this experiment, and each reactor contained a mixture of food waste and livestock wastewater at the ratio of 5:5, 7:3, and 3:7, respectively. After 25 days, R3, the reactor in which the food waste and livestock wastewater were mixed at the ratio of 3:7, showed the optimum or near-optimum organic acid concentration and pH values.
하수슬러지 및 축산폐수와 음식물쓰레기의 혼합비에 따른 혐기성 소화 효율의 비교
성낙창(Nak Chang Sung),강동효(Dong Hyo Kang),박경철(Kyung Choul Park) 한국물환경학회 2002 한국물환경학회지 Vol.18 No.1
Sewage sludge and livestock wastewater with food waste were mixed and digested. The results are as follows. In case of mixing digested sewage sludge with food waste, the pH vaule was lowed by the organic acid of a large quantity at the beginning of the inspection so that NaOH was poured into reactor. But in case of mixing digested livestock wastewater with food waste, during experimental the pH value was set neutral because of high alkalinity of livestock wastewater. In the case of VS removal ratio the result showed the higher removal value about 5.3% in R2(1:1), R₃(1:2) mixing sewage sludge and food waste than sewage sludge digestion alone, and reactor R-5 in which livestock wastewater and food waste were mixed with rate of 1:1 showed the highest removal value about 6.3% than livestock wastewater digestion alone. Though food waste with initial CI^- concentration of 3,000㎎/L showed about 4,700㎎/L at the highest point in the reactor R₃(1:2), there had no effect on VS removal and the production of CH₄. In the case of sewage sludge digestion alone and livestock wastewater digestion alone, the production rates of CH₄ gas per gVS removal were 125mL and 51mL. In the production rates of CH₄ gas per gVS removal, reactor R₂ and R₃ in which sewage sludge and food waste were conbined with mixing ratio of 1:1, 1:2 showed 68mL and 71mL which were more than sewage sludge digestion alone. But R-5 and R-6 in which livestock wastewater and food waste were conbined with mixing ratio of 1:1, 1:2 showed 18mL and 8mL. Therefore, it is concluded that sewage sludge and livestock wastewater mixing with food waste is more possible than sewage sludge and livestock wastewater digestion alone.
복합변조 전·자기장 분해 및 이온교환막을 적용한 중금속 오염별 최적 처리조건 도출
하상안 ( Sang-an Ha ),성낙창 ( Nak-chang Sung ) 한국환경기술학회 2012 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.13 No.4
본 연구에서는 복합변조 멀티형의 이온 교환 수지 막을 장착한 정화기술을 지하수가 오염된 산업단지 내에 도입하였을 때 적절한 연구 인자를 도출 도출하는데 그 목적이 있다. 반응시간을 5∼40 min으로 하여 전압의 강도에 따른 제거효율을 산출하고 이온교환막을 적용하여 전극액의 농도별 처리조건에 따른 이온교환막의 최적 운전인자를 도출하였다. 전압에 따른 제거효율은 Ni은 15 V에서는 88%, Cr은 15 V에서 65%, 20 V에서 68%의 제거효율로 나타났다. 복합변조 전·자기장에서는 Cr은 15 V, 20 V에서 각각 80%, 85%의 제거효율을 보였고, Ni은 10 V, 15 V일 때 각각 94%, 97%의 제거효율로 나타났다. 이온교환막 처리 시 전극액(Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>)의 농도를 다르게 하여 0.5%일 때 제거농도는 20 V의 경우 1.8 mg/L로 91%의 제거효율로 나타났다. 1%의 전극액(Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>)은 15 V와 20 V 모두 최종농도는 1 mg/L 이하로 나타났으며 전·자기장과 복합적으로 적용된 처리에서는 98.9%이상의 높은 제거효율을 얻을 수 있었다. In this study, groundwater purification technology equipped with a multi-complex modulation of ion exchange resins, contaminated industrial complexes within the introduction when appropriate factors to derive research purpose. Reaction time 5∼ 40min, the removal efficiency calculated according to the strength of the voltage and optimum operational parameters of the ion exchange membrane electrode, the concentration of the solution according to the specific processing conditions were derived by applying the ion exchange membrane. 15V in the removal rate due to the voltage of the Ni 88%, Cr at 15V 65% 20V 68% removal efficiency seems. Magnetic field in the Cr complex modulated electric field from each 15V, 20V, 80%, 85% respectively. Ni 10V, 15V when removal efficiency of 94%, and 97%, respectively. Concentration of 0.5%, the ion exchange membrane processing by varying the concentration of the electrode solution (Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) remove the 20V case of 1.8mg/L of 91% removal efficiency was. Both 15V and 20V showed a final concentration of 1mg/L to less than 1% of the electrode solution (Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) before and magnetic field applied in combination in the treatment of high removal rate of over 98.9% could be obtained.
해수담수화를 위한 나노버블 침투형 복합 하이드로싸이클론 전처리 기술개발
문상욱 ( Sang-uook Moon ),최호은 ( Ho-eun Choi ),최영익 ( Young-ik Choi ),성낙창 ( Nak-chang Sung ),정병길 ( Byung-gil Jung ) 한국환경기술학회 2020 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.21 No.6
The purpose of this research was to develop a nanobubble multihydrocyclone pretreatment technology that supplies SDI (Silt Density Index) of below 3 in order as alternative to, and etc. the existing coagulation filtration pretreatment process in seawater desalination. The used seawater in this research was sampled at a depth of 5 m in the sea located in B City. The average water quality of seawater was found to be turbidity of 1.28 NTU, TDS 29,800 mg/L, hardness 3,330 mg/L as CaCO<sub>3</sub>, total colony counts 190 CFU/100 mL, total coliforms 1,400 CFU/100 mL, and SO<sub>4</sub> <sup>2-</sup> 1,890 mg/L. The nanobubble multi-hydrocyclone pretreatment process was consisted of a nanobubble generator, hydrocyclone, carbon filter, microfilter, RO pump, RO and UV systems. As a result of measuring (average of 5 times) the SDI of raw seawater, pretreated water, secondary treated water and final effluent were found to be 5.74, 3.42, 2.88 and 0.27, respectively. It was satisfied the SDI standard value of below 5 for seawater desalination pretreatment process. As a result of an economic evaluation for the coagulation sedimentation filtration process, the direct coagulation filtration process and the nanobubble multihydrocyclone process, which are the pretreatment processes for seawater desalination, the production cost per ton were 4,850 Won/m<sup>3</sup>, 4,528 Won/m<sup>3</sup>, and 3,821 Won/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. Therefore, it was found that the nanobubble multi-hydrocyclone pretreatment process reduces operating costs by about 21 % compared to other pretreatment processes.
복합변조 전기장과 자기장에 따른 중금속 오염원별 제거율 연구
하상안 ( Sang-an Ha ),성낙창 ( Nak-chang Sung ) 한국환경기술학회 2012 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.13 No.1
본 연구에서는 토양이나 지하수 오염의 난분해성 유기물이나 중금속이온이 복합적으로 오염된 지하수오염 지역에 전기장과 자기장을 복합적으로 변조한 복합변조전기장을 이용하여 기존 적용되는 전기장의 전력과 마그네틱을 이용하여 분해속도를 증가시켜 화학물 첨가비용을 줄이고, 중금속에 오염된 토양·지하수의 처리 분야에 이바지 하고자 한다. 연구에 사용된 중금속 오염 산업폐수는 B시에 있는 산업단지 내에서 공정과정 중 Cr, Ni로 오염된 폐수를 채취하였으며, 원수의 초기 농도는 Cr은 99mg/L이며, Ni은 34mg/L으로 전기장과 자기장을 적용한 복합교류변조장치를 사용하여 중금속으로 오염된 지하수에 전력에 따른 제거효율을 분석하여 연구한 결과 stainless steel전극판에서 빠른시간에 90%이상의 가장 높은 제거율를 나타내었으며, 80W전력에서 최종제거농도가 150분에 1.8mg/L로 94%의 제거율로 나타났으며, Al전극판에서 전기장을 가한 제거농도는, 전력이 가장 높은 80W에서 260분에 2mg/L로 93%의 제거율을 나타내었다. 제거율을 살펴보면 자기장을 적용하였을 때 빠른 반응시간에서 높은 제거율을 나타내는 것으로 나타났으며 자기장을 적용하여 높은 제거효율을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. CIn this study, soil and groundwater contamination refractory organics and heavy metal ions in complex contaminated groundwater contaminated area offers a combination of electric and magnetic fields modulate the complex modulated electric field is applied using the existing power of the electric field and magnetic degradation rate by reduce costs by increasing the addition of chemicals, heavy metals, treatment of contaminated soil and groundwater is to contribute to the field. Used in the study of heavy metal pollution in industrial wastewater at a B in the manufacturing process of industrial complexes Cr, Ni-contaminated waste were collected, the initial concentration of Cr in raw 99mg/L and, Ni the 34mg/L is complex modulating alternating current device under electrical field and magnetic field was conducted to remove nickel(Ni) in underground water on the effect of powder. Removal concentration and efficiency under electric field applied to the stainless steel(SUS) electrode were found to the highest value of 1.8mg/L and 94% at 80W for 150 minutes, respectively. Moreover, Removal concentration and efficiency in the aluminum(Al) electrode were found to be 2mg/L and 93% at 80W for 260 minutes. The removal efficiency was also shown to be increased when magnetic field was applied and when fast reactive time was achieved as well.