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김익수,변종각,김현용 ( Ick Soo Kim,Jong Gak Byun,Hyun Yong Kim ) 한국하천호수학회 1994 생태와 환경 Vol.27 No.4
This study was performed to evaluate the acute toxicity effects of mercuric chloride(HgCl_2) and lead nitrate (Pb(NO_3)_2) and cadmium shot as treatment chemicals in crucian carps (Carassius auratus) as a standard fish. In this acute toxicity study. LC_(50) values were determined and compared to the toxicity values of crucian carps with the pH values. In the range of acute lethal toxicity values for crucian carps, mercuric chlorides ranges 0.04-0.37mg/l, 0.07-0.66mg/l and 0.07-0.66mg/l at pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9, respectively, and lead nitrate ranges 0.5-25mg/l at ph 4.5 and pH 5.8, and cadmium ranges 3-40mg/l at pH 4.5 and pH 6.2. The LC_(50) values of HgCl_2 during 24, 48, 72 and 96 hour were determined at pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9. The LC_(50) values of Lead nitrate were determined at pH 4.8 and pH 5.8. The LC_(50) values of Cadmium were determined at pH 4.5 and pH 6.2. LC_(50) values decreased with exposure time. According to pH augmentation, the toxicity of mercury decreased, whereas the toxicity of lead and cadmium increased. The relative toxicity of each heavy metal for crucian carps is mercury, lead, cadmium in decreased ranking order.
이정식,조광명,변종각 한국물환경학회 1994 한국물환경학회지 Vol.10 No.1
An adequate treatment is required for leachates from municipal solid waste landfills because they contain a high concentration of organics. This research was performed to investigate the effects of ozonation on removal of organics, especially refractory, in leachates. Ozonation of a raw leachate showed that both COD and BOD decreased during the first 2 hr contact period, then increased, and finally decreased again after 4 hr contact. Ozonation of an effluent, containing almost nonbiodegradable organics, from a batch activated sludge treatment resulted in increase in COD and BOD during a 4 hr contact period, and then the concentrations decreased. In addition, treatments of raw and ozonated leachates by an activated sludge process with a F /M ratio of approximately 0.1㎏ BOD/㎏ MLSS-day showed only a difference of 2∼3% in COD or BOD removal efficiencies. Most of the biodegradable organics formed from refractory organics during ozonation could he biologically removed. Therefore, it could be concluded that part of the refractory organics in leachates could be biologically removed after ozonation and that it would be more effective to ozonate leachate after an biological process.