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배상철 한국지식재산학회 2005 産業財産權 Vol.- No.17
Recently, the high-value added or differentiated products with creative design have come to be important in the modem market, the government sees weighs design as the nation's industrial strategy, and the enterprises takes the design strategy more aggressively in terms of company's brand strategy. From this point of view, this study investigates the reasonableness of protection method under the current substantive examination, and discusses the proper direction for design protection after the review of necessity for the conversion to a new system. This study analyzes the legislative trend of some foreign countries and the practices of domestic design protection system and it covers three alternatives: the maintenance the current substantive examination; the overall introduction of non-substantive examination; and introduction unregistered design.
배상철 대한의사협회 2010 대한의사협회지 Vol.53 No.10
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the joints. The prevalence and incidence of RA vary among different populations. In the majority of epidemiologic studies carried out in North America, the prevalence of RA is estimated to be 0.5-1.1%, and the incidence, 20 to 50 cases per 100,000 population. The prevalence of RA in Korea has been reported to be 1.1-2.1%. Some studies have shown a decline in both the prevalence and incidence of RA after the 1960s, but more recent trends in RA incidence are not as wellknown. RA is considered to be a multifactorial disease that results from interactions among genetic and environmental factors. The genetic contribution to RA pathogenesis has been estimated to be approximately 60%, and the HLA region has consistently shown the strongest genetic association with RA. Moreover, recent genetic studies of RA have identified a number of novel RA susceptibility genes, such as PADI4, PTPN22, STAT4, and TRAF1-C5. Though several genes, including HLA-DRB1 and STAT4, have been confirmed to be shared susceptibility genes among Asians and Caucasians, some of the susceptibility genes, such as PADI4 and PTPN22, are restricted to specific ethnic populations, revealing the presence of genetic heterogeneity in RA. Among environmental factors, smoking has by far the strongest association with RA in both the development of the disease and worse outcomes. A major gene-environment interaction between the HLA shared epitope and smoking is one of the most important findings from recent etiologic studies of RA. Further studies of RA susceptible genes and environmental risk factors will bring us closer to understanding the pathogenesis of RA.
기업의 특허상호실시계약(Cross License Agreement)에 관한 법적 연구
배상철 한국지식재산학회 2008 産業財産權 Vol.- No.27
At a recent, hundreds of news on a cross license agreement signed between firms has been reported. The cross license which the cross grants are symmetrical, against a normal license agreement is one of technology transfers through technical cooperation. The number of the cross licensing deals has been increasing in technical advanced countries, in particular USA, EU, JAPAN. Fousing electronics industry, competitors have entered into cross licenses to eliminate the possibility of patent infringement litigation between them. On the other hand, the domestic manufacturers have been using the cross license as a strategic tool for a technical cooperation. In spite of the growing importance of the cross license agreement, Korea’s legislative system is weak in dealing with this issue. The cross license agreement is basically similar to a normal license agreement except for some particularities; a license exchange, a technical cooperation method between the same kind of firms, etc. From this point of view, the study corresponding to the growing issues on cross license deals is to focus on the background of a expansive trend, the legal nature, the object and terms of licensing. Considering the parties keep contract of the cross license agreement or the details under wraps, there are limitations to data accessibility to obtain the written contracts.