도수분포를 이용한 마멸입자의 형태 분포특성의 분석

박흥식,우규성,조연상,전성재,Park, Heung-Sik,Woo, Kyu-Sung,Cho, Yon-Sang,Jun, Sung-Jae 한국트라이볼로지학회 2007 한국윤활학회지(윤활학회지) Vol.23 No.1

It necessarily follows that wear particles are generated through a friction and wear in a mechanical moving system. The wear particles are relative to the failure and the life of machine elements directly. To analyze the wear particle, its shape characteristics were calculated quantitative values such as diameter, roundness and fractal parameters by digital image processing. In this study, the histograms of shape parameters of wear particles were used for the purpose of analyzing the distribution of wear particles in various conditions. We consider that the histogram of shape parameter can be effectively represented to study a wear mechanism.

실험계획법을 이용한 엔드밀 가공시 주축 진동에 대한 정량적 분석 및 수학적 모형

박흥식,이상재,배효준,진동규,김영희,Park, Heung-Sik,Lee, Sang-Jae,Bae, Hyo-Jun,Jin, Dong-Kyu,Kim, Young-Hee 한국기계가공학회 2004 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.3 No.4

End-milling have been widely used in aircraft, automobile part and moulding industry. However, various working factors such as spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut in end-milling have an effect on spindle vibration. There it is demanded the quantitative analysis of spindle vibration in order to get the optimum surface roughness. This study was carried out to analyze an influence of working factors on spindle vibration by design of Experiment. The results are shown that mathematical model of regression equation for an influence of working factors on vibration acceleration of spindle in end-milling by regression analysis is presented.

학교불소용액양치사업에 관한 연구

박흥식,김종배 ( Heung Sik Park,Johng Bae Kim ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 1983 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.7 No.1

KOICA의 물 관련 국제협력과 전망

박흥식,Park, Heung-Sik 한국수자원학회 2008 물과 미래(한국수자원학회지) Vol.41 No.2

프랙탈 차원을 이용한 마찰면의 형상특징 해석

박흥식,김영희,전태옥,조연상,문병주,Park, Heung-Sik,Kim, Yeong-Hui,Jeon, Tae-Ok,Jo, Yeon-Sang,Mun, Byeong-Ju 대한기계학회 2001 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.25 No.11

The fractal-based method for describing rubbed surface texture has aroused great interest. The determination of rubbed surface topography is believed to be extremely important in the areas of contact mechanics, adhesion and friction. In order to describe topography of the rubbed surface, the wear test was carried out with annular surfaces of wear testing specimens in dry friction. furthermore, the relation between the fractal dimensions and the frictional conditions are also investigated and fractal descriptors was applied to rubbed surface with image processing. Fractal dimension can be determined by sum of intensity difference of image surface pixel. Fractal dimension increased according as the applied load and sliding distance increase. Topography of the rubbed surface can be effectively obtained by fractal dimensions.

중세 말기 잉글랜드 도시의 구조적 재편

박흥식 ( Heung Sik Park ) 한국서양중세사학회 2013 西洋中世史硏究 Vol.0 No.31

This article evaluates the previous discussion of urban growth and decline in the late medieval England and aims to provide an alternative view which highlights the impact of broader social changes on the urban reconfiguration. The debate on late medieval cities had been bifurcated between the conventional emphasis on decline and the revisionist insistence on growth, too often ending with competing ideas unable to render a comprehensive view. For a coherent account of the urban topography of the period concerned, a structural analysis of the urban transformation in reference to labor supply, changes in warfare and industry, and rise of London in the context of plagues and war, must be taken into consideration. The circumstance in which late medieval English cities found themselves was an entanglement of decline and growth following a series of plagues in the 14th century, the effect of which extended to both urban and rural England. With the plague, the symbiosis between cities and country, especially in terms of immigration, had broken down, leaving some cities more vulnerable to intermittent supply of labor, let alone permanent shortage. Still other cities witnessed an aggravating situation, when the prolonged war between England and France had multiplied urban residents` tax load. Concurrently, a gradual shift in industry from wool to cloth worked in favor of some cities at the cost of others. And the ascent of Lonkon as the unrivaled center of trade and industry, under the royal auspice, placed some in decline and others in prosperity. The findings suggest that the late Middle Ages was not a period of irreversible urban decline but one in which cities reconfigured themselves in diverse ways to adapt to the structural transformations.

정책경쟁: 개념과 관심의 발전

박흥식 ( Heung Sik Park ) 중앙대학교 국가정책연구소 2005 국가정책연구 Vol.19 No.1

사인(私人)이 적법절차에 따르지 아니하고 수집한 증거의 증거능력

박흥식(Heung-Sik Park) 충남대학교 법학연구소 2015 法學硏究 Vol.26 No.1

형사소송법 제308조의 2는 “적법절차에 따르지 아니하고 수집한 증거는 증거로 할 수 없다”고 규정하고 있으나, 동 규정을 사인에 대하여도 적용할 수 있을 것인가에 대하여는 많은 논란이 있다. 위법수집증거에 대하여 증거능력을 배제하는 것은 적법절차에 따르지 아니하고 수집한 증거는 타인의 인권을 침해할 염려가 있기 때문이다. 따라서 위법하게 수집한 증거에 대하여 증거능력을 배제함으로써 증거를 수집한 자가 의도한, 사실에 대한 증명을 하지 못하도록 함으로써 수집자에 대한 징벌적 효과를 얻고, 또 장래에 그러한 행위를 하고자 하는 사람들에 대하여도 그러한 행위를 하지 못하도록 하는 일반예방적 효과를 거두어 증거수집의 대상이 되는 사람의 인권을 보호하고자 하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 위법수집의 주체가 수사기관이 아니라 사인이라 하더라도 고소인이나 피고인과 같이 사건과 직접 관련이 있는 “관련자”라면, 그들에 대하여도 이러한 징벌적 효과와 일반예방적 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것이므로, 그들이 적법절차를 지키지 아니하고 수집한 증거에 대하여는 증거능력을 배제하여야 할 것이다. 다만 그러한 “관련자”의 행위라 하더라도 증거로 인정되지 않는 경우는 적법절차에 따르지 아니한 경우만을 의미하기 때문에, 헌법이나 형사소송법에 절차규정 자체가 존재하지 아니하는 경우에는, 단지 형법이나 기타 실체법을 위반하여 증거를 수집하였다고 하여 적법절차에 따르지 아니하고 수집한 증거라고 할 수 없다고 생각된다. 따라서 이러한 증거에 대하여 적법절차에 따르지 아니한 증거로 보아 증거능력을 배제할 수는 없다고 할 것이다. 한편, 피고인이 고문이나 폭행, 협박 등에 의하여 자백한 경우에는 형사소송법 제309조가 증거능력을 배제하고 있고, 그 고문이나 폭행, 협박행위를 한 주체에 대하여 제한을 두고 있지 아니하므로 사인에 대하여도 동 규정을 적용하여 사인이 피고인을 상대로 고문이나 폭행 협박행위에 의하여 자백을 받은 경우 증거능력이 없다고 하여야 할 것이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 주장을 주요 쟁점으로 하여 그 논거에 대하여 설명한다. Article 308-2 of the Criminal Procedure Law states that “Any evidence obtained in violation of the due process shall not be admissible,” but there are arguments disputing if this regulation can take the same effect under the case of a private person. Admissibility of illegally acquired evidences are excluded because such evidences have possibility of infringing human rights of other people. Therefore, by excluding admissibility of illegally acquired evidence, collector of the evidence undergoes punitive effect through not being able to legitimately present a fact in a manner that the collector has originally intended, and the exclusion can also protect human rights of subjects who may be targeted by an act illegal evidence collecting act in the future, which leads to achieving general deterrence effect. Same effect will be achieved for plaintiff, defendant or anyone who is considered related to them, so their collected evidence obtained violating the due process shell be excluded from trial. However, because the exclusion are limited when the related private person’s evidence under their violation of the due process, if Constitution Law or Criminal Procedure Law do not explicitly state a due process, evidence cannot be excluded for its violation of the due process mainly because collecting act of the evidence violates Criminal Law or other substantive law. Therefore, (collector of the evidence) will claim that the evidence cannot be excluded for the collector’s violating the due process. On the other hand, when defendant was forcefully confessed because the person had experienced torture, violence, or a threat, Article 309 of Criminal Procedure Law excludes admissibility of a confession, but without limiting the subject who committed the torture, violence or a threat. So if the same rule should be applied, and thus the confession collected by a private person through torture, violence or a threat must also be treated not admissible. This paper will explain about the argument that grounds to such disputes.

도덕발달이론의 행정학적 적용 모색

박흥식(Park, Heung-Sik) 서울행정학회 2001 한국사회와 행정연구 Vol.12 No.1

루터의 95개조 논제는 게시되었는가?

박흥식 ( Park Heung Sik ) 한국서양사연구회 2017 서양사연구 Vol.0 No.56

This article is a kind of dispute history paper that has traced the controversies over whether Martin Luther posted his 95 theses. It has examined major aspects and issues of a long controversy triggered by Erwin Iserloh’s denial of posting the theses in 1961. Viewed from a large scale perspective, this controversy has not exceeded beyond the scope raised by Iserloh to date. Unless Luther lied, the date of posting the theses, if ever, could not be on October 31 judging based on critical review of historical records, and it is deemed appropriate to infer the absolute absence of such posting as letting those theses widely known was the last thing Luther wanted. Iserloh’s these blurred one aspect that symbolizes the beginning of the Reformation. However, this controversy served as an opportunity to newly coordinate the history of the Reformation and to gain a deeper understanding of Luther. If Luther prepared the theses and did not post them, it becomes all the more clear that he quietly sought the prevention of abuse of indulgence and made attempts of theological improvement based on his theological and ethical ground. In this respect, whether Luther posted his 95 theses or not becomes a touchstone to precisely identify his intention. Even if Luther did not post the theses, October 31, 1517 has sufficient historical meanings comparable to those of the anniversary of the Reformation since it is the day when Luther sent his theses to the archbishop and requested for resolving the indulgence issue. One does not necessarily have to hesitate the acceptance of the academic achievement of the posting just because of the historical or symbolical implications of the theses posting that has been considered the beginning of the Reformation. The indifferent and callous response of the Roman Catholic Church to Luther’s request sparked a schism in the church, and since scholars and the general public welcomed the revolution back then, it becomes all the more clear that the church was forced into the path of revolution against his will. That is, what triggered the spark of the Reformation was an avid support of majority of population throughout the Germany. (Seoul National University/hspark@snu.ac.kr)