도시공원 범죄예방을 위한 CPTED 인증평가기준 정립에 관한 연구

김강일(Kang Il Kim),조준택(Joon Tag Cho),박현호(Hyeon Ho Park) 한국셉테드학회 2018 한국셉테드학회지 Vol.9 No.1

도시지역에서의 공원이란 시민들의 건강과 휴양 그리고 정서생활에 도움을 주고 녹지를 확보하여 환경에 도움을 주는 공간이다. 하지만 누구에게나 개방되어 있는 도시 공원의 특성상 공간의 안전을 위협하는 소수의 위협들은 다수의 이용자인 시민들에게 불편함을 주거나 위협을 초래하는 경우가 발생한다. 이와 관련하여 각종 선행 연구들은 공원에서 범죄가 빈번하게 발생하고, 시민들의 휴식공간이라는 공원의 제 기능을 다 하지 못하고 있다는 문제를 지적하고 있다. 특히 최근 많은 관심을 받고 있는 사회적 약자를 대상으로 한 범죄에 대응하기 위한 도시공원의 설계 관리가 중요함을 일관되게 강조하고 있다. 이에 이 연구에서는 CPTED의 기본이론을 토대로 도시공원의 범죄예방과 관련된 선행 연구를 분석하여 도시공원에 적합한 CPTED 요소를 추출하고 도시공원의 방범환경 인증평가 체크리스트를 개발하였다. 이러한 체크리스트를 바탕으로 크기별, 종류별 공원 5곳을 선정하여 실제 현장 조사를 실시하고 안전요소를 분석하여 최종 체크리스트를 도출하였다. 이 체크리스트의 최종평가분야는 관리운영, 감시, 접근통제, 영역성, 활동성 지원 CPTED요소를 기반으로 하고 이에 더하여 안내표지, 방범 및 안전시설, 가점항목으로 설정하였으며 각각의 세부평가항목으로 구성하였다. 이 연구에서 개발한 체크리스트의 평가기준은 모든 공원에 대한 범죄예방 인증평가를 수행할 수 있도록 하는 범용 체크리스트로 이러한 평가기준은 다양한 규모와 형태를 가진 공원들의 특성을 고려하여 평가와 인정의 기본원칙에 의거하여 다양한 형태로 변형되어 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 이와 관련하여 범죄위험을 예방하는데 있어 중요한 분야의 핵심 항목들에 대해서는 높게 배점하고 정성적인 평가에 의해 배점을 차등적으로 주도록 하였다. 또한 신규 공원뿐만 아니라 기존에 있던 공원들도 적극적 개선을 통해 인정을 받게 하고자 하는 취지로 만들어 전체적인 공원 안전개선을 위한 기반이 되도록 하였다. 본 체크리스트는 경찰청이 범죄예방진단팀(CPO)을 통해 시행 중인 도시공원의 범죄예방우수시설 인증사업에 활용하고 있다. Urban public parks are supposed to be the places for citizens’ rest, healing and public health. However, as public parks are usually open for 24 hours almost every day they are often exposed to criminal attacks within the realm of the space. The crime problem therefore threatens the public safety and security. Previous studies on public parks and crime safety continuously indicate that urban parks are vulnerable to crime and disorder and became the cause of fear of crime due to poor environmental design and planning in terms of CPTED. In this context the researchers have developed a checklist for accreditation/certification of urban public parks for crime prevention by analyzing the examples applying the CPTED principles in public parks and reflecting the field survey results in South Korea. In regard to the item and point, the crucial points for public parks rated highly and the grading was differentiated by qualitative evaluation. In addition, basic principles for certification of Secure/Safe Public Parks Awards were suggested, including operating a rating system to certify public parks so as to promote efforts for improvement, not awarding the certification to parks if any relevant regulations are violated, applying the evaluation items or points in accordance with the local context. The assessment checklist can be revised and used in various ways according to the regional circumstances and can contribute to the security and safety of public parks. The Police Crime Prevention Officers (CPO) are to utilize this checklist for the Secure Public Parks Certification Awards program in order to enhance the level of security for public parks in major cities in South Korea.

대중교통 환승주차장의 CPTED 체크리스트에 의한 환경디자인 연구

김대용(Kim, Dae Yong),김태용(Kim, Tae Yong),정승호(Chung, Seung Ho),박현호(Park, Hyeon Ho) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2012 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.10 No.-

본 연구는 늘어나는 대중교통인접 환승주차장의 범죄위험성으로부터 이용자들의 안전을 위하여 ‘환경설계를 통한 범죄예방(Crime Prevention Through Environment Design: CPTED, 이하: CPTED)"개념을 적용하여, 환경디자인 개선사항을 도출하는 연구이다. 연구의 방법과 범위로는 CPTED이론, 문헌분석, 관련법 및 법규, 관련 전문가그룹을 통하여 1차 정량·정성체크리스트를 설계하여 현장답사 하였으며, 이를 보안하는 2차 정성체크리스트를 설계, 현장답사 하였으며, 현장답사는 대중교통환승 주차장의 유형과 환승형태, 주차장규모, 운영주체등을 고려하여 수도권의 5개 환승주차장을 선정하였다. 설계된 체크리스트를 바탕으로 현장답사 결과 범죄위험성으로부터 환경디자인 개선사항은 5곳 중 1곳을 제외하고 4곳 모두 개선이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 분석은 주차지역, 유지관리, 전자보안, 안내표지, 조경, 조명으로 구분하였으며 조사대상지 대부분 범죄위험성으로부터 전자보안에만 의지하는 행태를 가졌으며, 그 또한 요금 징수 등을 주 목적으로 하고 있다. This study applies the concept of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and suggests ways to make improvements in environmental design to provide secure facilities for those who use park-and-ride structures which are increasing on a regular basis. First, the authors made a checklist for field examination after consulting related literature and related laws and holding discussion sessions with the experts of the field. After the field investigation with the quantitative and qualitative checklist, another qualitative checklist was developed to supplement the first one. With the second checklist, the authors visited five different park-and-ride structures around the city of Seoul that were diverse in layout, scale, and management system. The result showed that four out of the five sites assessed needed improvements. The analysis was divided into the following areas: location of the structure, maintenance, electronic security, signs, landscaping, and lighting. A popular method of crime prevention at the parking structures was electronic security which was in fact operated mainly to encourage the drivers to pay their parking fees.

무선 감응식 주택 단독 화재 경보 시스템 개발

박현호(Hyeon Ho Park),조성진(Seong Jin Cho),박병화(Byeong Hwa Park),허정훈(Jeong Hun Heo),고윤석(Yun Seok Ko) 한국전자통신학회 2018 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.13 No.5

본 논문에서는 주택 내의 단독 화재경보기들이 무선통신을 통해 상호 화재 정보를 공유함으로서 심야 시간대의 화재 인지력 저하 문제, 방 간 격벽으로 인한 경보 신호 감쇄 문제를 해소할 수 있는 무선 감응식 주택 단독 화재경보기를 개발하였다. 무선 감응식 화재경보기는 온도 센서와 가스 센서를 기반으로 온도와 CO2 농도를 감시, 주택의 화재를 감지하고 무선 송수신 모듈 등을 이용하여 다른 방의 단독 무선 경보기들에게 화재 경보를 전송함으로서 신속하고 정확한 화재인지가 가능하도록 설계되었다. 아두이노를 주제어장치로 하는 3개의 무선 감응식 단독화재 경보기의 시작품들이 제작되었으며, 온도 및 가스 시험에서 정확하게 동작함으로서 그 유용성을 확인하였다. In this paper, a single house fire alarm device, which can solve the problem of fire perception at midnight time and the attenuation of alarm signal due to the wall between rooms based on the wireless communication, was developed. The radio controlled fire alarm device was designed to allow fire to be recognized quickly and accurately by monitoring the temperature and CO2 concentration based on the temperature sensor and gas sensor, by detecting the fire in the house and by transmitting the fire alarm to the individual wireless alarms of other rooms using the wireless transmission/reception module. Using the Arduino as a main control device, three independent fire alarm device prototypes were made, and their usefulness was verified by the correct operations in temperature and gas tests.

건선 환자의 삶의 질

박현호 ( Park Hyeon Ho ),김휘준 ( Kim Hwi Jun ),송지영 ( Song Ji Yeong ),김낙인 ( Kim Nag In ) 대한피부과학회 2004 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.42 No.2

N/A Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease and it has been shown to impact the quality of life (QOL) of the patients to which was known to be almost the same degree as other more life threatening disorders. Until now little is known about the impact of psoriasis on QOL in Korean psoriasis patients. Objective: To investigate psoriasis related to the quality of life on the physical, social, psychologic aspects. Method: We applied forty one questionnaires to 100 psoriasis patients. And all the patient`s condition was evaluated by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Results: 1. Disability score of PDI on the physical, social, and psychological aspects were 2.20, 1.65, and 1.78, respectively.2. Physical disability showed no differences according to age(between below 39 years old group and above 40 years old group), marriage, and sex. However, the group with higher PASI score (>15) showed more disability than the group with lower PASI score in the physical aspect (p<0.01). 3. Social disability showed no differences according to marriage and sex. But, above 40 years old group showed more disability than below 39 years old group (p<0.05), the higher PASI score (>15) group showed more disability than the lower PASI score group in the social aspect (p<0.01). 4. Psychologic disability showed no differences according to sex, and psychologic aspect. However, above 40 years old group showed more disability than below 39 years old group (p<0.01), and the higher PASI score (>15) group showed more disability than the lower PASI score group in the psychologic aspect (p<0.01). Conclusion: Most of psoriasis patients had moderate to severe disadvantage in their QOL. Therefore, it is important for the dermatologist to recognize patient`s physical, social, and psychologic distress on counseling and management. And further research is needed to determine appropriate parameter to measure the degree of disability of psoriasis patients on quality of life aspect. (Korean J Dermatol 2004;42(2):151~156)

대구광역시 지하공공보도시설의 유니버설 디자인 평가

박현호(Park Hyeon-Ho),이강주(Lee Gahng-Ju) 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.28 No.5

The Underground Public Pedestrian Facility(UPPF) has to be accessible by the public, the space has to be planed as if anyone could use it without obstacles. As we enter the aging society, the portion of elderly population is consistently increasing and the portion for the handicapped is also increasing. However the current UPPF’s universal design does not correspond to the related law and regulation for the system. In respect to it, the purpose of this study is as follows. First, this study proposes a analysis framework extracting from the laws and regulations related to universal design of UPPF. Second, this study compares and contrasts the physical conditions of UPPF to the analysis framework related to universal design through the research of the facility. Third, this study analyzes whether the handicapped can move in UPPF sequentially or not.

탈염시스템을 활용한 높은 염 함유 해양생물 활성성분 및 효과 표준화 연구 -탈염에 따른 톳 후코이단 성분 및 주요 생리활성 비교 연구

박현호 ( Hyeon Ho Park ),정원교 ( Won Kyo Jung ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2016 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구는 톳 후코이단 추출물의 항산화 효능과 항염증 효과와 전기투석장치를 통해 탈염된 톳 후코이단 추출물과의 생리활성효과 및 성분 비교를 알아보기 위해 Total polyphenol함량, 총당 함량, DPPH radical, ABTS radical, Hydrogen peroxideradical 소거 활성 및 NO 생성 억제 활성을 측정하였다. 탈염 후의 톳 후코이단 추출물은 탈염 전 톳 후코이단 추출물보다 Total polyphenol과 총당 함량이 높아지는 것을 확인하였다. 탈염 전후 톳 후코이단 추출물의 황산화 효능은 DPPH radical IC50값이 0.496 및 0.389 mg/mL, ABTS radicalIC50값이 0.133 및 0.120 mg/mL 그리고 Hydrogen peroxideradival IC50값은 >1 및 0.923 mg/mL였다. 이러한 결과로 탈염 전 톳 후코이단 추출물의 항산화 효능도 뛰어났지만 탈염후 Total polyphenol과 총당의 함량이 높아진 톳 후코이단 추출물의 항산화 효능이 더 뛰어난 것을 알 수 있었다. 항염증효과를 확인하기 위한 NO 생성 억제 측정에서도 탈염 전후톳 후코이단 추출물이 농도에 비례하여 대식세포에서 항염증효과를 가지나 탈염 후 톳 후코이단 추출물의 효능이 더 우수한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, 톳 후코이단 추출물뿐만아니라 다량의 염을 포함하는 해양생물을 전기투석장치를 사용하면 염유무에 상관없이 다양한 해양생물의 생리활성성분 및 효과를 표준화시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Sargassum fusiforme fucoidan (SFF) was desalinated using electrodialysis system. Desalination of SFF was successfully confirmed by conductivity and content of sodium chloride (NaCl). The contents of polyphenol and carbohydrate in the desalinated (DSFF) and non-desalinated SFF (NDSFF) were also determined. After determination of DSFF and NDSFF contents, both samples were subjected to evaluate antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory inhibitory activity of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The DSFF significantly increased (p<0.05) the polyphenol (4.04%) and carbohydrate (48.96%) contents compared to NDSFF (3.61% and 38.73%). Additionally, DSFF significantly enhanced (p<0.05) scavenging activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-pricylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6- sulphonic acid (ABTS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) compared to NDSFF. In inhibitory activity of NO production, DSFF and NDSFF significantly inhibited (p<0.05) NO production, but no significant differences between the DSFF and NDSFF in LPSstimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. These data indicate that DSFF has higher antioxidant activity than NDSFF. In conclusion, the application of electrodialysis system could be useful in standardization of both bioactivity and content for marine bioactive substances with a large amount of salt.

협소주택 공간계획에 대한 전향적 특성 분석

박현호(Park, Hyeon-Ho),서병학(Seo, Byung-Hak) 한국주거학회 2016 한국주거학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.28 No.2

The purpose of this study was to provide an analyzed data of the narrow houses including the similarities and differences, based on the examples in Korea and Japan, in the perception of the increasing needs of narrow housing spatial analysis due to its growth in demand. The data used for the study of narrow housing spatial analysis were gathered through related publications and internet, and program R and microsoft excel were used for the analysis. In the study the research problems were separated into two main parts and analyzed: 1) What is the percentile of each occupied space? What is the difference of spatial occupied percentile between the narrow houses in Korea and Japan? 2) How is the connection between spaces? What is the difference of the spatial connection between the narrow houses in Korea and Japan? Research problem 1 and 2 were commonly based on the analysis of the floor plans. Research problem 1 was analyzed through microsoft excel, and research problem 2 was analyzed through program R and excel.

WDQ분석을 통한 타겟하드닝 CPTED의 침입범죄 예방효과 검증

박현호(Park Hyeon-ho),조준택(Cho Joon-Tag),김강일(Kim Kang-il) 한국경호경비학회 2018 시큐리티연구 Vol.- No.56

범죄 문제가 심각한 우리 사회의 현실에서, 최근에는 범죄와 범죄두려움 문제를 실질적으로 줄이기 위하여 CPTED 등 각종 범죄의 사전 예방 전략을 도입하고 있으며, 소위 타겟 하드닝(Target Hardening) 또한 범죄예방, 특히 침입범죄의 방지 전략의 하나로서 활용되고 있다. 침입범죄와 같이 가장 빈번하게 발생하면서 국민 특히 취약계층 서민들의 생활안전을 꾸준하고 집요하게 위협하는 위험도 높은 범죄 유형에 대응하기 위해 그간 우리 사회가 자원을 투자해 온 셉테드 전략은 CCTV나 조명, 경보장치 등 간접적이고 심리적인 억제를 중심으로 하고 있어서 직접적으로 방어하기에는 사실상 실효성에 많은 한계가 있다. 바로 이런 한계를 극복하기 위한 타겟하드닝은 침입범죄와 같은 범죄를 보다 직접적이고 실효적으로 차단하고 방지하는 전략으로 잘 알려져 있다. 우리나라에서도 2016년에 전국 최초로 안산시에서 실험이 이루어졌고 이 연구는 실험지역을 선정하여 침입방어성능이 인증된 방범시설을 주요 침입구인 창문 등에 설치하는 타겟하드닝 전략을 수행한 후 침입범죄 감소효과를 경찰 공식 범죄통계를 활용하여 분석한 것이다. 소위 범죄전이효과도 살펴보기 위해 방범인증시설 설치지역과 주변 완충지역, 그리고 통제지역과의 범죄발생을 비교하는 WDQ(Weighted Displacement Quotient) 분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과 타겟하드닝 CPTED기법의 침입 범죄 경감의 효과는 상당한 것으로 나타났다. 통제지역에서도 침입범죄가 다소 감소한 것은 사실이지만, 방범인증시설이 설치된 실험지역의 주택들은 침입 범죄가 설치 후에 크게 감소하였다. 완충지대로 범죄전이 효과는 보이지 않았으며 오히려 주변지역의 범죄 또한 감소하였다. Crime prevention strategies are introduced to reduce the loss caused by crimes, and Target hardening against domestic burglary attacks is broadly accepted as one of such physical security strategies. In terms of business and home security, target hardening is one of the suite of protective measures that are included in crime prevention through environmental design(CPTED). This can include ensuring all doors and windows are sourced and fitted in such a way that they can resist forcible and surreptitious from the attack of intruder. Target hardening with certified security doors, security windows and secure locks are revealed to be much more effective to deter burglary attacks than other security devices, such as CCTV, lightings and alarms which have largely psychological and indirect impact. A pilot program of target hardening utilizing certified security window and locks was carried out in Ansan city, South Korea in 2016. This study is based on the quasi-experimental design of this program for a residential area. The researchers tried to verify the crime displacement effect of the target hardening program and the diffusion effects of crime prevention benefits by analysing the crime statistics. The evaluation utilized WDQ(Weighted Displacement Quotient) technique to analyze whether the crime displacement occurred, compared the crime statistics of the experimental area with that of buffer zone and controlled areas. The result showed that the target hardening program was significantly effective in crime prevention. The number of burglary in the experimental site with target hardening intervention reduced by 100%, although the areas without the intervention showed reduction in the burglary. The crime displacement was not found at all, and the number of burlary at the buffer zone also reduced significantly

전기투석시스템을 활용한 염생식물 칠면초(Suaeda japonica) 추출물의 염분 표준화에 따른 주요 성분 및 생리활성 비교 연구

박현호 ( Hyeon-ho Park ),고석천 ( Seok-chun Ko ),정원교 ( Won-kyo Jung ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2016 한국수산과학회지 Vol.49 No.2

To effectively remove salts from Suaeda japonica, extracts, an electrodialysis system was developed. The biological activities of non-desalted (NDS) and desalted S. japonica (DS) extracts were compared. The DS extract exhibited superior polyphenolic (6.26%) and carbohydrate (28.56%) contents. The IC50 values of the DS extract against DPPH radicals and hydrogen peroxide were 0.22 and 0.68 mg/mL, respectively, which was higher than that of the NDS extract. Neither the DS nor the NDS extract was cytotoxic in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Additionally, the DS extract had a higher NO inhibitory effect compared to the NDS extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. These data indicate that DS extracts have greater biological activity than do ND extracts, and applica-tion of the electrodialysis process may be useful in marine bioresource applications.

한국의 CPTED 인증체계 발전방안 연구

박현호(Park Hyeon Ho) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2011 경찰학연구 Vol.11 No.2

CPTED is a field in which more and more public agencies, academics and industry started to take an interest in South Korea. CPTED was initially studied as a technique and logic that responds to crime and anti-social behavior, a type of urban risk threatening the safety and security of citizens. But now it is in the stage of finding practical solutions to those problems rather than just being left on theories and discourses. Particularly this study explores a proper direction of standardization and a developmental strategy of CPTED in South Korea by comparing several different domestic and foreign CPTED-related conformity assessment system. Conformity assessment also known as compliance assessment is any activity to determine, directly or indirectly, that a process, product, or service meets relevant standards and fulfills relevant requirements. Certification and testing are quite well known as a type of conformity assessment. Cases of the British SBD, the Dutch PKVW(and SKH/SKG), the Japanese Secure Manshion & Car Parks (and CP Mark) certification followed by the U.S. benchmarking of the British SBD imply an international trend of CPTED conformity assessment system and standardization. Furthermore South Korea has a number of similar certification systems, such as Excellent Disaster Mitigation Corporation, Korea CPTED Association's Building CPTED certification, Eco-friendly Building (Green Building), Housing Performance Rating Accreditation System, and Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital certification. Common elements and subtle disparities which were found through comparative analyses, explain why and how the Korean CPTED conformity assessment have to be improved in a proper direction.