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박현건 ( Hyun Geoun Park ),이춘식 ( Chun Sik Lee ),이홍재 ( Hong Jae Lee ),서동철 ( Dong Cheol Seo ),허종수 ( Jong Soo Heo ) 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.5
To develop sewage treatment apparatus by natural purification method, the sewage treatment plant that consisted of aerobic and anaerobic plot was constructed. And then, the effects of treatment conditions on the removal of pollutants in the relation to sewage loading, sewage injection method and season according to the pebble kind. Removal rate of BOD and COD according to the sewage loading in effluent were over 95 and 77%, respectively. Removal rate of nitrogen in treated water by aerobic plot and effluent using sand were about 22~40 and 49~75%, respectively. Those of effluent using sand 75%+oyster shell 25% and sand 50%+oyster shell 50% as filter media in comparison with using sand were about 7~25 and 16~23%, respectively. Removal rate of phosphorus in treated water by aerobic plot and effluent using sand as filter media were about 30~36 and 52~56%, respectively. Those of effluent using sand 75%+oyster shell 25% and sand 50%+oyster shell 50% in comparison with using sand as filter media were about 11~40 and 12~45%, respectively. Removal efficiency of BOD and COD according to the intermittent injection method of sewage were slightly decreased, but those of nitrogen and phosphorus were little varied in comparison with continuous injection method. Removal efficiency of BOD and COD in winter in comparison with the others were little varied, but those of nitrogen and phosphorus slightly decreased.
박현건 ( Hyun-geoun Park ),서상익 ( Sang-ik Suh ),김수희 ( Su-hee Kim ),기서진 ( Seo Jin Ki ) 한국환경기술학회 2021 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.22 No.4
The present study assessed the applicability of convolutional neural network (CNN), which showed superior performance for classification, segmentation, and natural language processing, to river water quality prediction. Monthly data was compiled from upstream and downstream water quality monitoring stations in the Hwang River over the period of January 2007 through December 2020, from which training and test sets were constructed in the ratio of 70:30. The performance of CNN consisting of single and multiple layers were evaluated separately using univariate data with single dependent variable (i.e., either chemical oxygen demand (COD) or chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) as well as multivariate data with dependent and 9 independent variables. The results showed that the prediction accuracy of the proposed CNN algorithm tested with univariate data was noticeably higher for COD than for Chl-a (in terms of target variable) as well as for multiple layers than for single layer (with respect to model architecture). In addition, the CNN algorithm evaluated with multivariate data achieved had better prediction performance than that of univariate data although its performance varied widely among data sets, and to a less extent, among stations and target variables. No measurable difference was also found in prediction performance of the CNN algorithm (for two target dependent variables) according to the number of (important) independent variables. All these results demonstrate that while the proposed CNN algorithm can be adopted to predict (monthly) water quality variables, its careful architecture design is yet required to achieve substantial performance improvement.
서부 경남지역의 지하수 수질특성과 수질변수간 상관관계에 관한 연구
박현건 ( Hyun-geoun Park ),이춘식 ( Chun-sik Lee ),김종현 ( Zhonghyun Kim ),기서진 ( Seo Jin Ki ) 한국수처리학회(구 한국수처리기술연구회) 2020 한국수처리학회지 Vol.28 No.1
This research aims to identify spatial and temporal variations in groundwater quality, spanning inland and coastal areas in western Gyeongnam province. The groundwater quality samples were collected randomly at 1,466 sites between January 2013 and December 2018, and were characterized using eight parameters. The resulting data were then input into a self-organizing map (SOM), which was an algorithm that excelled in data visualization and clustering. We did not find a significant relationship between the observed variables, which might be attributed to differences in local pollutant sources and geological characteristics in these large study areas. An output map with 15 rows and 13 columns was divided into six homogeneous subgroups, which were based on the similarity between their spatial and temporal profiles rather than only their temporal profiles. The SOM also showed good prediction performance for testing data sets that contained 2.5%, 5%, and 10% of unknown samples, although its performance was degraded progressively in response to increasing the number of samples used in the prediction. Overall, this study demonstrates that a SOM is used to effectively account for complex patterns of groundwater quality as well as to establish an effective groundwater management plan based on the areas of concern addressed in this study.
박현건(Hyun Geoun Park),정윤호(Youn Ho Jung) 大韓環境工學會 2014 대한환경공학회지 Vol.36 No.3
본 연구는 2007년 01월부터 2010년 07월까지 서부 경남 내륙지역 및 해안지역의 음용 지하수 1,525건에 대한 지역별부적합율, 항목별 수질특성, 수질항목 간 상관관계 등의 수질 현황을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 지역별 부적합율을 조사한결과 지하수 음용수 수질기준을 초과한 부적합율은 내륙지역이 18.2%, 해안지역이 24.5%로 나타났으며, 2가지 이상의 항목이 동시에 불합격한 비율도 내륙과 해안지역이 각각 38.9%, 51.6%로 나타났다. 항목별 수질현황을 조사한 결과 내륙지역 및해안지역의 부적합 항목 중 총대장균군이 23.8%, 26.6%, 일반세균이 16.1%, 16.0%으로 미생물 항목이 음용부적합 항목의39.9%, 42.6%로 많은 부분을 차지하는 것으로 조사되었다. 탁도의 경우 내륙 및 해안지역이 12.6%, 11.7%로 나타났고, 알루미늄은 11.9%, 11.7% 등으로 나타났다. 내륙지역의 경우 경도는 증발잔류물과 0.910, 황산이온과 0.819의 상관계수를 보였고,증발잔류물과 보론이 0.600으로 상관계수를 보였다. 해안지역의 경우 경도와 증발잔류물의 상관계수가 0.919로 나타났으며,염소이온과는 0.829로 높은 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. Water analyses were conducted on 1,525 underground water laid in the western district of Korea`s South Gyeongsang Province, from January 2007 until July 2010, according to sections, factors, fountainheads and inter-factor correlativities. The following are the results. 1. As a result of local incongruity rate, 18.2% in inland areas, coastal areas and 24.5% showed a high value comparatively. Costal areas showed high incongruity rate. 2. As a result of local incongruity rate, they were found that the total colony count and general bactria 39.9%, 42.6% showed a high in costal areas. 3. As a result of local factorial inspection, it was found that the turbidity content counted up to 0 to 0.2 NTU in 59.4% in inland areas, 60.2% in costal areas of sections, and in other 12.6%, 14.0%, it exceeded 0.5 NTU. As a result of local factorial inspection, it was found that the nitrate-nitrogen content counted up to 0 to 10 mg/L in 98.2% in inland areas, 97.6% in costal areas of sections, and in other 1.8%, 2.4%, it exceeded 10 mg/L. As regards chloride in coastal areas, water quality standards for chloride 250 mg/L exceeds the 1.4% higher then in inland areas. 4. Hardness in inland areas was closely correlated with total solids (r = 0.910), sulfate ion (r = 0.819). Also, total solids and boron (r = 0.600) showed high correlativities. On the other hand hardness in coastal areas was closely correlated with total solids (r = 0.919), chloride (r = 0.829). Also sulfate ion was closely correlated with hardness (r = 0.599), turbidity and aluminum (r = 0.635) showed high correlativities in this research.
서부경남지역 소규모 급수시설의 정수 수질특성 조사에 관한 연구
박현건(Hyun Geoun Park),김경미(Kyung Mi Kim) 大韓環境工學會 2012 대한환경공학회지 Vol.34 No.7
2005년부터 2010년까지 서부 경남지역 마을상수도 6,569건에 대한 지역별 수질특성, 항목별 수질특성, 수원별 수질특성 등의 수질 현황을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 지역별 수질현황을 조사한 결과 불소의 평균농도는 함양지역이 0.19 mg/L, 질산성질소의 평균농도는 남해지역이 3.7 mg/L, 경도, 증발잔류물질, 황산이온의 평균농도는 의령지역이 177 mg/L, 271 mg/L, 80 mg/L로 각각 높게 나타났다. 계곡수를 취수원으로 사용하는 마을상수도는 일반세균, 탁도가 지하수를 취수원으로 사용하는 마을상수도보다 높게 검출되었으며, 지하수를 취수원으로 사용하는 마을상수도는 질산성질소, 증발잔류물, 경도, 황산이온, 불소, 철 등이 높게 검출되었다. The Characteristics of small scale water works at west Gyeong-nam was analyzed by investigationg the 6,569 cases which were carried out from Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2010. The result of the research about treated water quality the highest mean concentration of fluorine was 0.19 mg/L at Hamyang the highest mean concentration of Nitrite nitrogen was 3.7 mg/L at Namhae each the highest mean concentration of Hardness, Total solids, Sulfate was 177 mg/L, 271 mg/L, 80 mg/L at Uiryeong. In the case of waterworks originated from valleys, the total bacterial count and turbidity were higher than ones originated from groundwater. On the other hand, nitrate nitrogen, total solids, hardness, sulfate, fluorine and iron were detected more than ones originated from valleys.