연구발표논문초록 ( 촉매 / 반응공학 (7) ) : 에탄올로부터 1 , 3 - butadiene 의 생성에 관한 Ta2O5 / SiO2 - Mgo 의 촉매특성

박진화 (학),서성규 (정),김재승 (정) ( Jin Hwa Park,Seong Gyu Seo,Jae Seung Kim ) 한국화학공학회 1989 추계학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

연구논문 : 젠더평등 관점에서의 스웨덴 여성연금수급권 연구 -유급노동 수급권, 무급노동 수급권, 연금제도 규칙을 중심으로-

박진화 ( Jin Hwa Park ) 아시아문화학술원 2015 인문사회 21 Vol.6 No.2

본 연구는 선진복지국가인 스웨덴의 여성연금수급권을 젠더평등 관점에서 유급노동 수급권과 무급노동 수급권, 그리고 연금제도 규칙을 중심으로 분석함으로써 한국의 여성연금수급권에 대한 시사점을 찾고자 하였다. 분석결과는 첫째, 유급노동 수급권에서는 평등한 여성고용정책, 전일제 고용과 시간제 고용에 대한 차별 없는 사회보험제도 적용,낮은 성별임금격차 등으로 공적연금 적용률에서는 젠더 격차가 거의 없었다. 그러나 아직도 다른 국가들보다는 낮지만 성별임금격차가 존재함으로써 연금수급액 측면에서는 젠더격차가 존재하고 있었다. 둘째, 무급노동 수급권에서는 아동양육과 가사노동에 대한 사회적 가치를 높게 인정하고 이를 여성연금수급권에 적극적으로 반영하고 있었다. 셋째, 연금제도 규칙에서는 남녀 간 불평등을 초래하는 연금규칙들이 폐지되어 젠더 불평등의 요소는 없었다. 한국에의 시사점으로는 연금수급권에서의 젠더평등을 구현하기 위해서는 유급노동자로서의 여성 지위가 향상이 되어 경력단절 없는 노동경력을 확보하고, 고유한 젠더차이에 입각한 돌봄노동에 대한 보상과 가사노동에 대한 경제적 가치가 연금제도 내에 현실적으로 반영되어야만 가능하다는 점이다. 결국 연금수급권에서의 젠더평등 정책이야 말로 여성의 노후빈곤 완화를 위한 근본적인 해결책이 될 것이다. This study looks into pension rights of women in Sweden from a viewpoint of gender equality focusing on these pension rights in relation to paid labor and unpaid labor and pension system rules and aims to find implications connected with these other pension rights of women in South Korea. Results of the analysis are summarized as follows. First, as for the pension rights of paid labor, both a fair hiring system and a non-discriminatory social insurance program were established and add to that, these pension system regulations working against women were abolished. As a consequence, the study hardly found a difference between the two genders in connection with public pension application rates. However, until the present, even though a level of the gender difference was lower compared to other countries, a gender wage gap did exist, and that was why the study argued for the presence of gender difference in pension receipts. Second, in terms of the rights of unpaid labor, social value of household chores and child rearing was being highly evaluated, and they were definitely being reflected in the women’s pension rights. In regard to an implication, the study understands that only when every part of this society satisfactorily agrees to each other about how they need to improve women’s positions as paid labourers and this unique gender difference-based unpaid labor as well, the gender equality in the pension system will be finally realized.

차세대 성능기반 내진설계법의 소개

박진화(Jin-Hwa Park),김영주(Young-Ju Kim),황정현(Jung-Hyun Hwang),안태상(Tae-Sang Ahn) 한국강구조학회 2017 韓國鋼構造學會誌 Vol.29 No.6

간호대학생의 문화적 공감과 간호전문직관의 관계에서 문화적 역량의 매개효과

박진화 ( Jin Hwa Park ),박지현 ( Ji Hyun Park ) 대한의료커뮤니케이션학회 2021 의료커뮤니케이션 Vol.16 No.1

Background : The purpose of this study was to identify the degrees of cultural empathy, cultural competence and nursing professionalism and to investigate the mediating effect of cultural competence between cultural empathy and nursing professionalism in nursing students. Methods : A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. A total of 139 participants was surveyed using a self-report questionnaires including general charactericis, a cultural empathy questionnaire, a cultural competence scale, and a nursing professionalism scale. The descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and a mediating effect analyses were used for data analysis. Results : The average score of cultural empathy, cultural competence, and nursing professionalism were 3.86, 3.59, and 4.00, respectively. Positive correlations among cultural empathy, cultural competence, and nursing professionalism were noted. Cultural competence showed a significant mediating effect on the relationships between emotional empathy and nursing professionalism and the relationship between cognitive empathy and nursing professionalism. Conclusion : Nursing students must recognize the necessity of multicultural nursing through multicultural education. Nursing students should have a nursing professional intuition capable of assessing and solving problems in subjects with diverse cultural backgrounds by encouraging cultural empathy and cultural competence for multiculturalism.

공적연금지출 영향요인에 관한 비교연구: OECD 16개국의 고령자 노동시장 요인들을 중심으로

박진화 ( Jin Hwa Park ),이진숙 ( Jin Sook Lee ),김사현 ( Sa Hyun Kim ) 경희대학교 사회과학연구원 2014 社會科學硏究 Vol.40 No.2

본 연구는 인구고령화에 따른 연금재정 위기 극복을 위한 OECD 국가들의 당면과제가 고령자의 노동시장 참여 제고라는 점에 중점을 두고 공적연금지출에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 고령자의 경제활동과 관련된 노동시장의 측면에서 밝히고자 하였다. OECD 16개국의 1990-2009년(20년)의 자료를 이용하여 결합시계열회귀분석을 하였으며 복지국가체제별 차이를 보기위해 유형별 분석을 같이 실시하였다. 전체국가 분석결과, 고령자경제활동참가율(-), 실업률(+), 자영업자비율(-), 고용보호수준(+)이 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타났으며, 실업급여수준만이 유의미하지 않게 나타났다. 복지국가체제별 차이를 보기 위한 유형별 분석에서는 고령자경제활동참가율은 사민주의 국가에서만, 고용보호수준은 보수주의 국가에서만 통계적으로 유의미하지 않게 나타났다. 그리고 실업급여수준은 보수주의 국가에서만 부적(-)요인으로 나타났고 사민주의 국가와 자유주의 국가에서는 정적(+)요인으로 나타났다. 따라서 고령자 노동시장 요인들이 공적연금지출에 미치는 영향은 복지국가체제별로 차이가 존재하였다. This study aimed to identify factors contributing to public pension expenditure in terms of the labour market participation of the elderly, in that OECD countries have an urgent task to overcome financial crisis of pension caused by aging. To achieve this purpose, we conducted pooled-time series and cross sectional analysis with 16 OECD countries data from 1990 to 2009, and then explored the differences by welfare regimes. The results analyzing whole countries are as follows: labour force participation rate of elderly(-), unemployment rate(+), self-employed rate(-), and employment protection level(+) are statistically significant, and Unemployment benefits level appeared statistically insignificant variable. The results analyzed by welfare regimes are as follows: Labour force participation rate of elderly is statistically insignificant in social democratic regime and employment protection level is statistically insignificant in conservative regime. Unemployment benefits level has a negative effect in conservative countries, while has a positive effect in social democratic and liberal countries. Therefore, we could say that there is the difference by welfare regimes.

스웨덴과 영국의 노후기초소득보장제도 변화 연구: 제도의 유형과 운영방식을 중심으로

박진화 ( Jin Hwa Park ),이진숙 ( Jin Sook Lee ) 경희대학교 사회과학연구원 2014 社會科學硏究 Vol.40 No.3

본 연구는 스웨덴과 영국의 노후기초소득보장제도의 변화를 제도의 유형과 운영방식을 중심으로 분석하고, 이러한 변화가 한국의 노후기초소득보장제도에 어떠한 시사점을 주는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 분석결과, 먼저 스웨덴의 경우 기초연금의 단일유형에서, 기초연금과 연금보충급여의 혼합유형, 그리고 1998년 이후 최저보증연금의 단일유형으로 변화해오면서 노후기초소득을 강화한 것으로 나타났다. 영국의 경우는 기초연금의 단일유형에서, 기초연금 과 고령자연금의 혼합유형, 1999년 이후는 기초연금과 고령자연금, 최저소득보장제도(연금 크레딧)의 혼합유형 형태의 다층소득보장 전략으로 변화해오면서 노후기초소득을 강화해온 것으로 나타났다. 시사점을 살펴보면, 첫째는 공적연금체계 내에서의 범주형 공공부조를 통 해 노후기초소득보장 급여수준의 적절성을 꾀하였다는 점이고, 둘째는 영국과 같이 수급자에게 유리한 급여연동방식으로의 변화를 꾀했다는 점이며, 셋째는 두 국가 모두 제도의 유 형에 관계없이 노후기초소득을 강화하였다는 점이다. 마지막으로 저소득층의 노후기초소득 보장에 대한 국가의 책임성이 강조되었다는 점이다. This study investigated how the basic income guarantee systems for the elderly in Sweden and the UK had been evolved in focus on types and operating mechanism of the systems. Consequently, this study aimed to understand which implications the changes in the systems of the two countries would provide the basic income guarantee systems for the elderly in South Korea. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, in case of Sweden, the system was originated from a single type of the basic pension, it was changed to the mixed system in a complex type with the basic pension and the supplementary pension benefit. Since 1998, Since 1998, however, Sweden has been accepting a single type of the minimum guarantee pension, and that was a chance for the country to strengthen the basic guarantee system targeted to the elderly with low-income. The UK started the system in a single type of the basic pension, but the system was operated in a complex type of the basic pension and new elderly pension. In 1999, the UK developed the previous complex type which had included the basic pension and the elderly pension by adding the minimum income guarantee system(pension credits). Since then, the UK has been working on this complex type of the multi-pillar income guarantee strategies, and has been improving the basic income guarantee for the elderly with low income. The implications from study results are as follows. Firstly, the basic pension systems of 2 countries have appropriateness of benefits level in public pension systems throughout categorical public assistance. Secondly, it had been tried to change to sliding scale formula which was related with benefits for the elderly and profitable for them in UK. Thirdly, the income security was strengthen independently of institutional type in both countries. Finally, national responsibility was emphasized with the object of strengthening of basic income security for the elderly.

산림치유자원조사 표준지 선정에 관한 연구 - 한국산림복지진흥원 소속기관을 중심으로 -

박진화 ( Park Jin Hwa ),이경민 ( Lee Kyoung Min ),김선영 ( Kim Sun Young ),이창헌 ( Lee Chang Heon ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2019 농업생명과학연구 Vol.50 No.2

Since 2000, the Basic Law on Forest and the Forest Culture Recreation Act has been enacted, and the paradigm of forest policy has been changing to 'Providing forest welfare and forest healing' using dense forests. However, forest surveys are still focused on forest surveys aimed at mass production of wood. Therefore, in this study, to secure the objectivity of selecting the standard site of forest healing resources survey, the existing method of selecting the standard site of forest investigation was compared with the literature, and the physical and environmental location of the standard site of forest healing resources survey through GIS analysis was analyzed for the current forest healing resources survey measurement point. As a result of literature survey, the National Forest Resources Survey was selected by the system extraction method, and the National Forest Survey tended to rely on the opinions and choices of experts. On the other hand, it is judged that the stratification extraction method among the standard site selection methods of the forest carbon offsetting project can be partially applied to the selection of the standard site of the forest healing resource survey. If we can figure out the method to quantify the opinions of experts and draw the standardization standard suitable for the forest healing resource survey, it is expected that reasonable standard selection method can be suggested. As a result of GIS analysis, it is considered that it is ideal to prepare standard site selection standards considering the user standard and physical environment standard at the same time. This means that it is necessary to study to index and quantify expert opinions and judgments in order to provide objective basis for selecting the standard site of the survey by experts. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research on the selection of the standard site for forest healing resources survey.

대기오염 측정용 DIAL의 오차해석에 관한 연구

박진화(Jin Hwa Park),이용우(Yong Woo Yi) 大韓環境工學會 2000 대한환경공학회지 Vol.22 No.1

청소년의 체험활동참여가 학교적응에 미치는 영향 - 삶의 만족도 매개효과 검증

박진화 ( Park Jin-hwa ) 한국청소년활동학회 2017 한국청소년활동연구 Vol.3 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 청소년들의 삶의 만족도를 매개변수로 하여 청소년들이 학교 내외에서 경험하는 다양한 체험활동 경험이 학교생활(학습활동, 학교규칙, 교우관계, 교사관계)에 미치는 영향을 미치는지를 분석하는데 있다. 첫째, 체험활동을 통한 학습활동에 대하여 삶의 만족도는 유의미한 매개효과가 있다. 둘째, 체험 활동을 통한 학교교칙 준수에 대하여 삶의 만족도는 유의미한 매개효과가 있다. 셋째, 체험활동을 통한 교우관계에 대하여 삶의 만족도는 유의미한 매개효과가 있다. 넷째, 체험활동을 통한 교사관계에 대하여 삶의 만족도는 유의미한 매개효과가 있다 The purpose of this study was to analyzed the effect of experiential activities on school life(learning activities, school rules, peer relations, teacher relations) with satisfaction of life as a parameter. First, experiential activities and life satisfaction had meaningful mediating effects. Second, observance of school rules and satisfaction of life through experiential activities have significantly signified mediating effects. Third, friendship through experiential activities has a significantly signified mediating effect on life satisfaction. Fourth, teachers' experien

이온교환수지 촉매를 이용한 옥탄가 향상제인 TAME 합성반응의 연구

박진화 ( Jin Hwa Park ) 한국공업화학회 1996 공업화학 Vol.7 No.5

성질이 서로 다른 그물 구조형 이온교환수지인 Amberlyst-15, Amberlyst-15(wet)와 Amberlyst XN-1010을 가지고 고정충 상압 유통식 반응장치에서 옥탄가 향상제인 TAME 합성반응을 행하였다. Amberlyst-15가 Ambertyst-15(wet)와 Amberlysl XN-1010에 비해 활성이 좋았는데 그 이유는 겔형 미세입자 내부 활성점의 반응참여 정도가 크기때문으로 생각되며, TAME 합성반응의 최적 조건들은, 반응온도=135℃, 반응물 몰비(MeOH/I.A.A.)=1.0∼4.0, W/F=2.0∼4.0 gr.-cat. hr/gr.-mole일 때이었다. X-ray 회절 분석결과 2θ=20에서 styrene divinyl benzene이 가교결합을 나타냈으며, DSC 분석결과 열적 안정성의 순서로는 Amberlyst-15, Amberlyst-15(wet) 및 Amberlyst XN-1010이였다. 본 실험에서 구한 TAME 합성의 겉보기 활성화 에너지 값은 Amberlyst-15:Ea=12.36 kcal/mole, Amberlyst-15(wet):Ea=12.46 kcal/mole 및 Amberlyst XN-1010:Ea=14.72 kcal/mole이였다. TAME synthesis was studied in a fixed bed reactor with 3 different types of exchanged resins i.e, Amberlyst-15, Amberlyst-15(wet) and Amberlyst XN-1010. Amberlyst-15 has highest activity, presumably due to the higher reaction participation of the inner active sites of gel shape microparticular resin structure. The optimum reaction conditions for TAME synthesis were found as follows;reaction temperature of 135℃, molar ratio(MeOH/I.A.A) of 1.0∼4.0 and W/F of 2.0∼4.0 gr.-cat. hr/gr.-mole. The cross-linking bond of styrene divinyl benzene was observed at 2θ= 20 in XRD pattern. The DSC analysis showed that the thermal stability was in order of Amberlyst-15>Amberlyst-15 (wet)>Amberlyst XN-1010. The apparent activation energies of TAME synthesis reaction with Amberlyst-15, Amberlyst-15(wet) and Amberlyst XN-1010 were 12.36, 12.46 and 14.72 kcal/mole, respectively.