국소한냉자극이 전신 및 국소혈액순환에 미치는 영향 -제 2 보 : 동계 및 하계의 계절변화에 따른 한냉반응-

박원균(Park, Won-Gyun),채의업(Chae, E-Up) 대한생리학회 1983 대한생리학회지 Vol.17 No.2

A possibility whether the appearance of adaptation to cold climate during winter could occur or not in Taegu area was evaluated by comparing the data obtained in winter with that obtained by the same method in summer. Circulatory response was induced by the immersion of one hand in the cold water. The systemic and local responses in the blood circulation from the immersed hand and the unimmersed opposite hand were observed simultaneously. In addition Galvanic skin resistance(GSR) that is influenced by the activity of autonomic nervous system and the vascular tonicity was recorded. The experiment was performed by examining sixty healthy college students in winter and fifty in summer, whose mean age was 21.0, mean weight 60.6±0.90 kg(male) and 48.3±0.98 kg(female). The cold stimulus was applied by immersing the left hand into the cold water of 5℃ for 3 minutes, and the response was observed on immersed left hand and unimmersed right hand simultaneously. The observation was made through determining mean blood pressure, heart rate, amplitude of photoelectric capillary pulse (APCP) and GSR. The results obtained are as follows: The mean blood pressure was elevated during the cold stimulation. The increase of blood pressure in summer was more remarkable than in winter. At the recovery period the blood pressure was decreased to the control level in winter but the decrease below the control level was observed in summer. The increase of heart rate in summer was more remarkable than in winter during the cold stimulation. At the recovery period heart rate in both winter and summer was decreased below the control level. During the cold stimulation the APCP was decreased on both hands in winter. However it was more prominent on left hand indicating additional direct cold effect on immersed hand. In summer, the decrease of APCP during immersion was less remarkable than that in winter, but the regain of APCP was faster than that in winter at the recovery period. And the prompt increase of APCP over the control level has been obtained at the 3 minutes of the recovery period. The GSR was remarkably increased on immersed hand but slightly decreased on unimmersed opposite hand during the cold stimulation. Thus the finding on immersed hand indicates that the local direct effect of cold water is more prominent than the systemic effect, where as the finding on unimmersed hand indicates that the circulatory response to painful stress elicited by the cold stimulation is more prominent than cold temperature itself. In summary, it seems that the systemic circulatory response to the local cold stimulation of the one hand is arised more from the secondary elicited pain sensation and less from the low water temperature. On the contrary to the report of Kim et³⁹⁾, the adaptation phenomena in blood pressure to the relatively mild cold climate in winter was not observed in this study. The difference of circulatory response observed in this study between winter and summer may be due to the difference of the magnitude of subjective sensation of the cold water stimulation by the seasonal changes in air temperature. 국소한냉자극이 전신 및 국소혈액순환에 미치는 영향과 동계에 있어서 한냉에 대한 적응을 관찰하기 위하여 동계 및 하계에 편균연령 21세의 남녀 대학생 각 60명 및 50명을 대상으로 5℃의 냉수에 일측 손을 담구어 3분간 국소한냉자극을 가하였다. 침수 1, 2, 3분과 회복기 1, 3, 5분에 침수한 측과 침수 반대측에서 평균혈압, 분시심박수, 광전 모세혈관 맥박의 파고, 피부전기저항을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 국소한냉자극시 혈압은 증가하였고 하계에서 동계보다 더 큰 증가를 보였다. 회복기에 동계는 서서히 대조치로 회복되나 하계에는 대조치보다 유의하게 감소하였다. 분시심박수는 침수시 증가하며 하계에서 동계보다 더 증가하였고 회복기에는 동계 및 하계 모두 대조치보다 감소하였다. 광전 모세혈관 맥박의 파고는 동계에는 침수 및 침수 반대측 모두 감소하였으나 침수한 측에서 더 크게 감소하였으며 이는 침수한 측에 있어서 한냉의 국소효과에 기인한 것으로 보인다. 하계에는 동계보다 작은 감소를 보였으며 회복기에는 더 빠른 회복을 보여 대조치보다 증가하였다. 피부전기저항은 침수시 침수 반대측에서는 감소하나 침수한 측에서는 유의하게 증가하였다가 회복기에 서서히 감소하였다. 침수 반대측의 감소는 동통에 의한 반응이 한냉에 의한 반응에 첨가되어 나타난 것으로 보이며, 침수한 측은 한냉에 의한 국소효과가 크기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 이상으로 5℃의 국소한냉자극시 전신적 반응은 한냉자극에 의한 동통성 stress에 기인한 반응이 우세한 것으로 생각되며 김 등³⁹⁾의 보고와는 달리 동계 및 하계의 반응의 차이는 계절에 따른 한냉자극에 대한 주관적 감각의 차이에 의한 것으로 동계에서 한냉기후에 의한 국소한냉자극의 적응현상은 나타나지 않는 것으로 사료된다

포스터 발표 : 포스터 연제 ; 신부분절제 흰쥐에서 고염분 섭취시 심방이뇨호르몬의 변동

강문규 ( Kang Mun Gyu ),박원균 ( Park Won Gyun ),홍영수 ( Hong Yeong Su ),송대규 ( Song Dae Gyu ),배재훈 ( Bae Jae Hun ) 대한신장학회 2000 춘계학술대회 초록집 Vol.19 No.2

협업하는 라인 트레이서

이재영(Jae Young Lee),이영래(Young Re Lee),박원균(Won Gyun Park),정수영(Su young Jung),채동현(Dong Hyun Chae),이상헌(Sang Heon Lee) 대한기계학회 2018 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2018 No.5

한냉자극에 의한 남녀 대학생의 혈관계 반응

박원균,강영숙,권오영,김형태,박근수,서인옥,손형석,이원기,이진경,채의업 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1984 계명의대학술지 Vol.3 No.2

일측 손의 한냉자극에 대한 남녀의 혈관계 반응의 차이를 보기 위하여 평균 연령 21.6세의 남녀 대학생 65명(남자 34명, 여자 31명)을 대상으로 실온에서 안정시와 32℃ 물에서 침수시, 그리고 10℃ 물에 좌수를 담구어 침수 1, 3, 5분과 회복기 1, 3, 5, 10분에서의 혈압, 분시심박수, 피부전기저항, 광전맥박의 파고, 설하 및 피부온도와 피부두겹의 두께를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 혈압은 안정시에도 수축기 혈압이 여자에서 남자보다 낮았으며, 침수시 혈압의 증가가 여자에서 더 작았고, 더 빨리 회복됨을 보였다. 분시심박수의 변화는 남녀에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 피부전기저항은 침수시 남녀에서 약간 감소하였고, 침수 3분에는 여자에서 더 감소하였다. 광전맥박의 파고는 침수 1분에는 별다른 남녀의 차이가 없었으나. 회복기 3, 5분에는 여자의 회복이 남자보다 빨랐다. 설하온도는 전 실험에서 여자가 약간 높았고, 피부온도는 여자가 낮았으나, 회복기 3, 5분에는 여자에서 좌측 전박과 수지의 피부온도가 남자보다 높았다. 평균 피부두겹의 두께는 여자가 남자보다 유의하게 두꺼웠으나 전박의 피부두겹은 남녀 간에 별 차이가 없었다. 그리고, 평균 피부두겹의 두께와 침수시 침수측 수지의 피부온도의 감소도 사이에는 상관관계가 없으나, 좌측 광전맥박파고의 감소와 침수측 수지의 피부온도의 감소도 사이에는 비례 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상으로 일측 손에 10℃의 한냉자극시 나타나는 남녀 반응의 차이는 혈관계에 의한 것으로, 여자에서 남자보다 한냉자극시 혈관계 반응이 더 작고 또 회복이 더 빠른 것으로 보인다. 그리고, 손의 피부두겹두께에서 남녀간의 차이는 관찰하지 못하였으며, 체피부 절연도의 남녀 차이에 의한 반응의 차이는 본 실험에서는 큰 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 생각된다. The response to thermal stress was studied by many investigators for sex differences relevant to the subcutaneous fat thickness, vascular reaction and hormonal levels. There have been many studies reported on women's response to heat condition, on the contrary relatively few study was reported on response to cold condition. Recently, interests on women's response to cold condition has increased. This study was investigated to evaluate the differences of cardiovascular responses to band cooling between the male and the female. Thirty four men and thirty one women whose mean age was 21.6, were exposed to 10℃ water by the immersion of the left hand for 5 minutes. Before cooling hand, the hand was immersed into water of 32℃ as thermoneutral zone to neglect the effect of hand immersion without cold. The measurements were made to blood pressure, heart rate, Galvanic skin resistance(GSR), amplitude of photoelectric pulse(AP), sublingual and skin temperature, and skinfold thickness. The results obtained are as follows: In resting state, blood pressure was lower in female than in male, particularly systolic pressure was significant. During the hand cooling, the increase of blood pressure in female was less than in male and the recovery was faster. Changes of the heart rate were not significant in both female and male. GSR was slightly decreased in both male and female at the first minute of the immersion, but decreased more in female at the third minutes. AP was decreased in both sex during the hand immersion and there was significant correlation between the mean decrement of AP and maximum decrement of skin temperature in ipsilateral finger. This indicates that the skin temperature of immersed hand in both male and female is depend upon the amount of blood flow. The recovery of AP was faster in female during the third to fifth minutes of the recovery period, and the skin temperature of forearm and finger of the immersed side was rather higher in female than in male. Mean skinfold thickness of female was significantly thicker than male, but in forearm the difference of skinfold thickness was little. Mean skinfold thickness and maximum decrement of skin temperature of the immersed hand were not related to each other during the immersion. In summary, the difference of responses between male and female to hand cooling is seemed due to the difference of vascular reaction since the female has less peripheral vascular changes and a tendency of their faster recovery. The difference of the mean skinfold thickness between both sex did not influence on the response to the local hand cooling.

국소한냉자극이 전신 및 국소혈액순환에 미치는 영향

박원균,김승한,권재수,김연수,배언희,배재훈,이명옥,채의업 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1983 계명의대학술지 Vol.2 No.2

건강한 남녀 대학생 61명을 대상으로 일측 손을 15, 10, 5℃ 물에 담구어 국소한냉자극을 가하였으며 조기의 혈액순환변화를 추궁하기 위하여 3분간 침수하였다. 침수전후에 전신 및 국소반응을 Physiograph와 심전도계를 사용하여 측정하였다. 국소한냉자극시 나타나는 반응은 혈압, 분시심박수, 광전모세혈관맥박 파고, 피부온도, 피부전기저항, 주관적 감각 그리고 심전도를 한냉자극의 정도에 따라 비교 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 혈압은 국소한냉자극시 증가하였다. 그러나 김 등의 보고와는 달리 회복기에 혈압이 대조치 이하로 감소하는 현상은 관찰할 수 없었다. 분시심박수는 5℃에서는 증가하였고 15℃와 10℃에서는 별 변화가 없거나 오히려 약간 감소하였으며 회복기에서는 대조치보다 약간 감소하였다. 광전모세혈관맥박 파고는 국소한냉자극시 감소하였다. 침수한 좌수에서 우수보다 더 큰 감소를 관찰하였고 이는 한냉자극의 국소효과에 의한 것으로 보이며 회복기에서는 좌수에서 5℃가 10℃보다 회복이 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 피부전기저항은 침수시 증가하였으며 침수한 좌수에서 우수보다 더 큰 증가를 보였다. 회복기에는 좌수에서는 회복되는 경향을 보이나 우수는 계속 증가함을 보였다. 피부온도는 좌우수 모두 저하하였다. 주관적 감각은 침수시 시간이 지남에 따라 동통의 정도가 증가되었다. 5℃의 국소한냉자극시 나타나는 혈액순환 변화는 동통에 의한 반응으로 사료되며 10℃나 15℃에서는 한냉 및 동통이 동시에 작용하나 한냉의 작용이 더 크다고 사료된다. 국소한냉자극시 심전도의 소견은 유의한 변화를 관찰하지 못하였다. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of cold stimulation on systemic and local blood circulatory system. Many investigators have studied about the effects of cold sttimulation on blood circulaatory system. However, the experiments were performed under the different conditions and therefore slightly different results have been obtained. Particularly the author attempted to evaluate the effects of cold stress by comparing both hands during cold stimulation. The experiment was performed by examining sixty-one healthy college students,whose mean age was 21.0±0.22, mean weight 60.6±0.90kg (male), 48.3±0.98kg (female). The cold stimuli were applied by immersing the left hand into the cold water of 15, 10 and 5℃ for 3 minutes, and the responses were observed on left and right hands simultaneously to evaluate systemic and local effects of the cold stimulation repectively. The observations were made through determining blood pressure(B.P.), heart rate, amplitude of photoelectric capillary pulse (APCP), skin temperature, Galvanic skin resistancce (GSR), subjective sensation and ECG, The obtained results were analyzed according to the degree of cold stimuli and compared with previous reports. The results are as follows: The B.P. was elevated during the cold stimulation. The increase of B.P. was remarkable at 5℃, and probably it was due to the response of pain. At the recovery period the decreased B.P. below control level as described by Kim et al?? was not observed. The APCP was decreased on both hands during the immersion. However it was more prominent on left hand since there was additiional direct cold effect. APCP was lowest at 10℃, which indicates the maximum constriction of ascular smooth muscle. Kuring the recovery period, APCP was more rapidly recovered at 5℃. It was considered that the cold induced vasodilatation was added at 5℃. The GSR was increased on both hands with greater response on left hand during the cold stimulation. At the recovery period, it was decreased on lleft hand, whereas it was still increasing on right hand. The skin temperature was decreased on both hands. The subiective senastion duriing hand immersion was mainly pain at 10 and 5℃, the intensity of pain was gradully increased during the immersion. The circulatory response to both cold stimulation at 5℃ was mainly due to pain, whereas at 10 and 15℃ it seems to be due to both cold and some pain. Changes of the ECG hindings findings acccordiing to the cold stimulation in theis study were not significant.

過酸化水素가 急性一酸化炭素 中毒의 回復에 미치는 影響

蔡義業,朱永恩,朴源均,李元晶 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1984 계명의대학술지 Vol.3 No.1

過酸化水素(H₂O₂)가 急性 CO 中毒의 回復에 미치는 영향을 보시 위하여 家兎를 0.5% CO가스에 30분간 노출시켜 自然回復群, 100%酸素吸入群, 0.5% H₂O₂投與群Ⅰ(10㎖을 30분간 靜注) 및 0.5% H₂O₂投與群Ⅱ(20㎖을 60분간 靜注)의 4개群으로 나누어, 回復期 30, 60 및 90분에서 動脈血의 pH, Pco₃, Po₂ 및 HbCO 飽和度를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. pH 나 Pco₂는 回復期 90분을 통하여 4개群 사이에 큰 차이는 없었다. Po₂는 自然回復群에 비하여 100%酸素吸入群은 유의한 증가를 보였으며 0.5% H₂O₂投與群Ⅰ에서는 回復期 30분에, 0.5% H₂O₂投與群Ⅱ에서는 回復期 60분에 유의한 감소후 서서히 증가하였다. HbCO飽和度는 自然回復群에 비해 0.5% H₂O₂投與群Ⅰ에서는 HbCO 飽和度의 감소가 느렸고 回復期 60 및 90분에 自然回復群보다 유의하게 높은 상태를 보였으나, 0.5% H₂O₂投與群Ⅱ와 100%酸素吸入群에서는 自然回復群에 비해 回復期 30분동안은 더 빨리 감소하며 그후 서서히 감소하여 回復期 90분에서는 自然回復群과 비슷한 HbCO飽和度를 보였다. 이사으로 H₂O₂의 靜注 Po₂의 감소등 약간의 문제가 보완이 된다면 急性 CO 中毒에 효과적인 치료법이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Carbon monoxide(CO) poisoning has been considered as one of the major environmental hazards in Korea because of the wide-spread usage of the anthracite coal briquet as a main domestic fuel for cooking and heating. It has been known that the CO poisoning was due to the tissue hypoxia by the great affinity of CO with the hemoglobin. Therefore, inhalation of the pure oxygen(O₂) under the high atmospheric pressure has been used to rapid elimination of CO from the hemoglobin. Hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂) was easily decomposed into water and O₂ under the presence of catalase and peroxidase in the blood. The O₂liberated from the H₂O₂, instead of pulmonary O₂inhalation, could be supplied into the hypoxic tissues of the CO poisoning. This experiment was done in order to evaluate the effect of intravenous H₂O₂administration on the elimination of CO from the hemoglobin in the recovery of the acute CO poisoning. Rabbits weighting about 2kg were exposed to 0.5% CO gas mixture with room air for 30 minutes. After acute CO poisoning was done, eighteen rabbits were divided into four groups. The first group was exposed to the room air during the recovery from the acute CO poisoning. The second group was inhalated with 100% O₂ gas during the recovery. The third group was administere intravenously with 10ml of 0.5% H₂O₂solution for the first 30 minutes of the recovery period in the room air. The fourth group was administered intravenously with 20ml of 0.5% H₂O₂solution for the first 60 minutes of the recovery period in the room air. The arterial blood was sampled before and after the CO poisoning and in 30, 60, 90 minutes of the recovery period, and the blood pH, Pco₂and Po₂were measured anaerobically with a Blood Gas Analyzer and the saturation percentage of carboxyhemoglobin(HbCO) was measured by the Spectrophotometric method. The effect of intravenous H₂O₂administration on the recovery from the acute CO poisoning was observed and comopared with the room air group and the 100% O₂group. The results obtained from this experiment are as follows: There were no significant changes of pH nd Pco₂in each group for 90 minutes of the recovery period. Po₂was increased significantly in the 100% O₂group comparing to the room air group. On the contrary Po₂was decreased in the 0.5% H₂O₂group Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and this changes was statistically significant(p<0.05) at 30 minutes in the 0.5% H₂O₂Ⅰ and at 60 minutes in the 0.5% H₂O₂group Ⅱ during the recovery period. In the 0.5% H₂O₂group Ⅰ, diminution in the HbCO saturation was slower than in the room air group and maintained a high HbCO saturation at 60 and 90 minutes during the recovery period. But in both 0.5% H₂O₂group Ⅱ and 100% O₂group, diminution in the HbCO saturation was faster than in the room air group during the first 30 minutes of the recovery period, and it became slower thereafter.

만성신부전 쥐에서 심방 및 심방외 조직 ANP mRNA의 발현

홍영수,배재훈,이원기,박원균,송대규 대한신장학회 2000 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.19 No.5

Chronic renal failure(CRF) may lead to fluid retention and electrolyte imbalance, and consequently increases the extracellular volume and blood pressure. These changes can trigger secretion and synthesis of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) as a compensatory regulator for increases in the glomerular filtration rate and excretion of water and sodium due to the reduced number of functional nephrons. ANP may exert important regulatory role on body fluid balance and blood pressure in CRF. We assessed changes in gene expression of atrial and extra-atrial ANP associated with progression of renal failure in subtotal nephrectomized rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham and CRF rats. CRF rats were induced by 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy. We determined the plasma ANP level using by radioimmunoassay and the ANP mRNA from the right atrium, left ventricle, hypothalamus and kidney were rneasured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with P-dCTP at 8 wk in sham, and at 8 and 12 wk in CRF rats. Serum urea nitrogen(SUN) was also checked as an indicator of impaired renal function. SUN was significantly increased in CRF rats and the level was higher at CRF 12 wk rat than CRF 8 wk rat. Plasma concentration of ANP also increased in CRF rats compared with sham rat, but was not statistically significant. Altered patterns of ANP mRNA expression were different in each tissue. Right atrial and renal ANP mRNA expressions were slightly increased in CRF rats. Left ventricular ANP mRNA was significantly increased in CRF 8 wk rat compared with sham rat and maintained high at CRF 12 wk rat. However hypothalamic ANP mRNA expressions at CRF rats were decreased and the expression in CRF 12 wk was significantly lower than that at CRF 8 wk. SUN showed positive correlations with expression in left ventricular and renal ANP mRNA, but had a significant negative relationship with hypothalamic ANP mRNA. Plasma ANP concentration was positively correlated with the ANP mRNA expressions in both right atrium and kidney. The present study demonstrated that ANP mRNA in the right atrium, left ventricle, kidney and hypothalamus were differentially expressed upon CRF. This suggests that roles of the local ANP in these tissues are regulated by different mechanisms to compensate the fluid and electrolyte imbalance in rats with experimental chronic renal failure.