화학물질 안전관리 DB 구축 및 정보시스템 개발

박연신(Yuon Shin Park),황만식(Man Sik Hwang),노혜란(Hye Ran Noh),천광수(Kwang Soo Chun),김성범(Sung Bum Kim) 한국위험물학회 2013 한국위험물학회지 Vol.1 No.1

As the continuous growth of chemical use and chemical industry, the probability of chemical-accident and human exposure also increases. Owing to recent successive chemical accidents, public anxiety and concern about chemicals is increasing. If a chemical accident occurs, it is important to rapid and appropriate first respond based on accurate substances information. The Ministry of Environment as the lead agency managing chemicals need to set systematic management strategies to prevent chemical accidents and to minimize injuries caused by accidents. Thus, 6,770 substances in the domestic legal system of chemical safety management DB has built. Web-based information system was developed to enhance the accessibility and usability of DB. In this article, we discussed and introduced development of chemical database and information system for safety management(KISChem; Korea Information System for Chemical safety management). This product may be useful for enhancing our capability of preparedness and prevention for chemical accidents.

불화수소에 대한 사고대응 정보시트 개발

윤영삼(Young Sam Yoon),박연신(Yuon Shin Park),김기준(Ki Joon Kim),이진선(Jin Seon Lee),조문식(Mun Sik Cho),황동건(Dong Gun Hwang),윤준헌(Jun heon Yoon),최경희(Kyung Hee Choi) 한국위험물학회 2014 한국위험물학회지 Vol.2 No.1

We analyzed the demand of competent authorities requiring adequate technical information for initial investigation of chemical accidents. Reflecting technical reports on chemical accident response by environmental agencies in the U.S. and Canada, we presented information on environmental diffusion and toxic effects available for the first chemical accident response. Hydrogen fluoride may have the risk potential to corrode metals and cause serious burns and eye damages. In case of inhalation or intake, it could have severe health effects. The substance itself is inflammable, but once heated, it decomposes producing corrosive and toxic fume. In case of contact with water, it can produce toxic, corrosive, flammable or explosive gases and its solution, a strong acid, may react fiercely with a base. In case of hydrogen fluoride leak, the preventive measures are to decrease steam generation in exposed sites, prevent the transfer of vapor cloud and promptly respond using inflammable substances including calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ground limestone, dried soil, dry sand, vermiculite, fly ash and powder cement. The method for fire fighting is to suppress fire with manless hose stanchions or monitor nozzles by wearing the whole body protective clothing equipped with over-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus from distance. In case of transport accident accompanied with fire, evacuation distance is 1,600m radius. In cae of fire, fire suppression needs to be performed using dry chemicals, CO2, water spray, water fog, and alcohol-resistance foam, etc. The major symptoms by exposure route are dyspnoea, bronchitis, chemical pneumonia and pulmonary edema for respiration, skin laceration, dermatitis, burn, frostbite and erythema for eyes, and nausea, diarrhea, stomachache, and tissue destruction for digestive organs. In atmosphere, its persistency is low, and its bioaccumulation in aquatic organism is also low.

IED 제조가능 화학물질 관리 우선순위 선정 알고리즘 연구

윤이(Yi Yoon),박연신(Yuon Shin Park),노혜란(Hye Ran Noh),석광설(Kwang Seol Seok),김기준(Ki Joon Kim) 한국위험물학회 2013 한국위험물학회지 Vol.1 No.2

Improvised explosive devices (IED) have become an alternative choice for terrorists or criminals who face difficulties in obtaining traditional explosives as a threatening tool. In this study we proposed systematic methods of identifying and prioritizing the potential precursors from commercial chemicals which are under controls of Korean regulations. Here we identified 25 potential precursors from 3,980 candidate chemicals, which can be diverted to IED or homemade bombs. We also developed the prioritizing methods of management by screening - scaling & scoring - expert evaluation the basis of CRS system. This study selected 25 priority chemicals list and applied the list to the prioritizing of management through screening - scaling & scoring phase.

유해화학물질 사고 후 영향평가 개선방안 연구

조문식(Mun Sik Cho),윤영삼(Young Sam Yoon),김기준(Ki Joon Kim),박연신(Yuon Shin Park),권용호(Yong Ho Kwon),천광수(Kwang Soo Chun),윤준헌(Jun heon Yoon) 한국위험물학회 2013 한국위험물학회지 Vol.1 No.2

Chemical accidents could cause serious damage not only to accident areas but to residents and surrounding environments. It is hard to accurately predict the scope of damage as implications of chemical accidents linger for long time. To accurately assess the scope and degree of damage, it is required to conduct continuous monitoring of public health and environment in the accident site. To establish a scientific system capable of forecasting any potential damage from chemical spills, comprehensive measures are needed, covering from restoration procedures, roles of institutes concerned, specific implementation plan and institutional framework. However, currently in Korea, a wide array of countermeasures and response systems are in operation in case of chemical accidents while, there is no established management system to deal with the accidents. For this reason, this study suggested preliminary measures to introduce an environmental health risk assessment system to help investigate the environmental effects of chemical spills. The system consists of 3 stages: accident identification, confirmation of PBT under REACH and expert judgement. To confirm the type of chemicals in a prompt manner, 40 physiochemical properties and 78 hazard categories were suggested. Additionally, in case of investigating the environmental effects, implementation measures were divided into 15 stages from monitoring to completion of restoration works with the detailed plan on what should be done by which institutes at each stage.

독성 화학물질 누출사고 대응 기술연구

윤영삼(Young Sam Yoon),조문식(Mun Sik Cho),김기준(Ki Joon Kim),이진선(Jin Seon Lee),박연신(Yuon Shin Park),황동건(Dong Gun Hwang),윤준헌(Jun heon Yoon),최경희(Kyung Hee Choi) 한국위험물학회 2014 한국위험물학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Since the unprecedented hydrogen fluoride leak accident in 2012, there has been growing demand for customized technical information for rapid response and chemical accident management agencies including the Ministry of Environment, the National Emergency Management Agency, and the National Police Agency need more information on chemicals and accident management. In this regard, this study aims to provide reliable technical data and guidelines to initial response agencies, similar to accident management technical reports of the US and Canada. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey and interviews on initial response agencies like fire stations, police stations, and local governments to identify new information items for appropriate initial response and improvements of current guidelines. We also collected and reviewed the Canada’s TIPS, US EPA’s hydrogen fluoride documents, domestic and foreign literature on applicability tests of control chemicals, and interview data, and then produced items to be listed in the technical guidelines. In addition, to establish database of on-site technical information, we carried out applicability tests for accident control data including ① emergency shut down devide, safety guard, shut down valve, ground connection, dyke, transfer pipe, scrubber, and sensor; ② literature and field survey on distribution type and transportation/storage characteristics (container identification, valve, ground connection, etc.); ③ classification and identification of storage/transportation facilities and emergency management methods like leak prevention, chemicals control, and cutoff or bypass of rain drainage; ④ domestic/foreign analysis methods and environmental standards including portable detection methods, test standards, and exposure limits; and ⑤ comparison/evaluation of neutralization efficiency of control chemicals on toxic substances.

상수의 염소처리시 생성되는 소독부산물 중 Haloacetic acid류의 생성능에 관한 연구 : 일부 상수원수를 대상으로

정용,신동천,임영욱,김준성,박연신 한국환경독성학회 1997 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The main reason of applying chlorination is to sterilize microbes existing in the drinking water treatment. But chlorination could lead to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) by the reaction of free chlorine with humic substance in the water. Especially the DBPs including trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), and haloketones (HKs) exist in the tap water. The US environmental protection agency (US EPA) defines that trihalomethanes, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and dichloroacetonitrile among DBPs are probable/possible human carcinogens. US EPA suggests maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for THMs (80 μg/L) and HAAs (60 pg/L) in drinking water. In Korea, THMs in drinking water has been surveyed but DBPs in general has not been studied in drinking water practically. Therefore only THMs have been regulating as criteria compounds since 1990 but neither HAAs nor HANs. Researches on HAAS are yet to be found. HAA formation potentials (HAAFPs) have not been practiced. HAAS depends on the characteristics of water sources by chlorination. In this study, HAAFPs from three distinct sources were investigated by laboratory chlorination experiments. This study was performed to measure the level of HAAS in drinking water in Seoul area. At April 1996, after collecting the raw waters from the three sites with the different properties, the water samples were chlorinated at various conditions (pH 5, 5, pH 7.0 and without pH adjustment) in the state of raw water to have 0.5 mg/L of residual chlorine concentration. And the raw water, treated water, and tap water of water treatment were collected to measure the HAA, concentration. The quantitative analysis of IIAAs was conducted by US EPA methods. After 48 hours of chlorination, The IIAAFPs ranges of measured level of pH 5.5, pH 7. 0, and without pH adjustment were 11.0~48.7ppb, 9.4~60.7ppb, and 4.5~50.0ppb., respectively. HAAFPs was increased with the reaction time. In tap water of households in Seoul, HAAS was measured with the mean value of It. 71 ± 1. 11 ppb. Among the HAAFPs, dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid as the hazardous compounds are measured at higher value. Based on above results, the health risk assessment of DBPs should be undertaken in urgently for the management process for the standard.

수도수중 염소 소독부산물로 인한 건강위해성 평가에 관한 연구 : 서울시 수도수중 Trihalomethanes 및 Haloaceticnitriles을 중심으로

정용,신동천,양지연,박연신,김준성 한국환경독성학회 1997 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Public concerns about hazardous health effect from the exposure to organic by-products of the chlorination have been increased. There are numerous studies reporting that chlorination of drinking water produces numerous chlorinated organic by -products including THMs, HAAS, HANs. Some of these products are known to be animal carcinogens. The purpose of this study was to estimate health risk of DBPs by chlorinated drinking water ingestion in Seoul based on methodologies that have been developed for conducting risk assessment of complex-chemical-mixture. The drinking water sample was collected seperately at six water treatment plant in Seoul at March, April, 1996. In tap water of households in Seoul, DBPs were measured with the mean value of 36.6 μg/L. Risk assessment processes, which include processes for the estimation of human cancer potency using animal bioassay data and calculation of human exposure, entail uncertainties. In the exposure assessment process, exposure scenarios with various assumptions could affect the exposure amount and excess cancer risk. The reference dose of haloacetonitriles was estimated to be 0.0023 mg/kg/day by applying dibromoacetonitrile NOAEL and uncertainty factor to the mean concentration. In the first case, human excess cancer risk was estimated by the US EPA method used to set the MCL (maximum contaminant level). In the second and third case, the risk was estimated for multi-route exposure with and without adopting Monte-Carlo simulation, respectively. In the second case, exposure input parameters and cancer potencies used probability distributions, and in the third case, those values used point estimates (mean, and maximum or 951!!i) upper-bound value). As a result, while the excess cancer risk estimated by US EPA method considering only direct ingestion tended to be underestimated, the -risk which was estimated by considering multi-route exposure without Monte-Carlo simulation and then using the maximum or 95% upper-bound value as input parameters tended to be overestimated. In risk assessment for Trihalomethanes, considering multi-route exposure with adopting Monte-Carlo analysis seems to provide the most reasonable estimations.