PET/CT검사에서 CT의 확대 유효시야 적용이 표준화섭취계수에 미치는 영향

박순기,남기표,김경식,신상기,Park, Soon-Ki,Nam, Ki-Pyo,Kim, Kyeong-Sik,Shin, Sang-Ki 대한핵의학기술학회 2009 핵의학 기술 Vol.13 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of extended CT field of view (FOV) on PET/CT of Standardized uptake value (SUV) when imaging extends beyond the CT FOV. Materials and Methods: CT images were reconstructed at different FOV sizes (500 and 700 mm). Two sets of CT images were reconstructed from the CT projection data by using two FOV sizes. Twenty patients were used in this study. PET images were reconstructed using attenuation maps with 500 mm CT FOV and 700 mm extended CT FOV images. Region of interests (ROIs) drawn on the PET images. In addition, twenty patients' PET images reconstructed by 500 mm CT FOV and 700 mm extended CT FOV were compared with $SUV_{max}$. Results: When using attenuation maps with 700 mm extended CT FOV, the $SUV_{max}$ analysis of liver (p=0.000), lung (p=0.007), mediastinum (p=0.001) were statistically significant. Conclusions: 700 mm extended CT FOV helps to recover the true activity distribution in the PET emission data. In addition, 700 mm extended CT FOV has affected SUV measurement of liver, lung, mediastinum.

$^{18}F$-FDG를 이용한 전신 PET 검사에서 혈당 측정 검사지의 정확한 사용에 따른 혈당 수치의 차이 분석

박순기,이남기,남궁창경,정우영,Park, Soon-Ki,Lee, Nam-Ki,NamGung, Chang-Kyung,Jung, Woo-Young 대한핵의학기술학회 2010 핵의학 기술 Vol.14 No.2

Purpose: $^{18}F$-FDG wholebody PET is to evaluate the tumor using glucose metabolism. The blood glucose level is important factor that affects on a result of examination. High glucose levels may interfere with tumor targeting due to competitive inhibition of FDG uptake by D-glucose. The blood glucose level measurement test strips used in the blood glucose measurement are classified into the capillary blood measurement test strips and general purpose measurement test strips that can measure the venous blood and capillary blood altogether depends on cases. The purpose of the study was to compare the blood glucose measurements between simultaneously obtained capillary and venous blood samples using the capillary blood measurement test strips, general purpose measurement test strips. Materials and Methods: A total of 46 subjects (32 males, 14 females) with a mean age of $57.3{\pm}12.3$ years were enrolled. The blood glucose estimation was performed with a Optium Xceed Glucometer (Abbott). Simultaneous capillary and venous blood samples were obtained from each subject. The blood glucose levels were measured using the capillary blood measurement test strips and general purpose measurement test strips. The capillary and venous measurements were compared using a pared t-test. Results: The mean capillary and venous glucose values using the general purpose measurement test strips were $95.2{\pm}12.4$ mg/dL and $104.1{\pm}14.4$ mg/dL, giving a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) between the mean values for the capillary and venous glucose samples (9.0 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval (CI) -11.2 to -6.7). The mean capillary and venous glucose values using the capillary blood measurement test strips were $91.5{\pm}13.6$ mg/dL and $108.6{\pm}16.2$ mg/dL, giving a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) between the mean values for the capillary and venous glucose samples (16.6 mg/dL; 95% CI -20.2 to -13.0). Conclusion: When measuring the blood glucose level before $^{18}F$-FDG PET examination, since the incorrect blood glucose level can be measured, it should note to measure the blood glucose level of the venous blood by the capillary blood measurement test strips. Therefore the measurement variation can be reduced to fulfill the standardized measurement procedure with the suitable measurement test strips, the preparation of the PET examination will be able to be clearly confirmed. In addition, the standardized procedure of the following measurement on the area which is same at all times the blood area in the blood glucose measurement among a capillary or a vein will be needed. $^{18}F$-FDG PET 검사는 포도당 대사를 이용하여 전신의 종양을 평가하는 검사로 전처치 과정에서 혈당 측정의 중요성이 매우 높다. 혈당 수치가 높은 상태에서 FDG를 투여하면 FDG와 혈중 포도당이 세포 내 흡수에 서로 경쟁하게 되고 종양으로의 FDG 섭취가 감소되어 정확한 검사가 되지 않을 가능성이 있다. 혈당 측정에 사용되는 혈당 측정 검사지는 경우에 따라 모세혈관혈 전용 측정 검사지와 모세혈관혈과 정맥혈을 모두 측정 가능한 범용 측정 검사지로 구분되어 있는데, 정확한 혈당 측정 검사지(스트립)의 사용에 따른 혈당 수치의 차이를 비교 분석 하였다. 연구 대상은 2010년 3월부터 4월까지 서울아산병원 핵의학과에서 $^{18}F$-FDG whole body PET 검사를 시행한 환자 중 46명(남자: 32명, 여자: 14명, 평균연령 $57.3{\pm}12.3$세) 을 연구의 대상으로 하였다. 실험기기는 Abbott사의 Optium Xceed혈당 측정기를 이용하였고, 모세혈관혈과 정맥혈을 모두 측정 가능한 범용 측정 검사지를 사용하여 동일 환자의 모세혈관혈과 정맥혈의 혈당 수치의 차이를 분석하였다. 또한, 모세혈관혈 전용 측정 검사지를 사용하여 동일 환자의 모세혈관혈과 정맥혈의 혈당 수치의 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 분석방법은 MINITAB 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 paired t-test 검정을 시행하였다. 모세혈관혈과 정맥혈을 모두 측정 가능한 범용 측정 검사지로 측정한 동일 환자의 모세혈관혈과 정맥혈의 혈당 수치는 각각$95.2{\pm}12.4$ mg/dL, $104.1{\pm}14.4$ mg/dL (t=8.0, p<0.001)로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 모세혈관혈 전용 측정 검사지로 측정한 동일 환자의 모세혈관혈과 정맥혈의 혈당 수치는 각각 $91.5{\pm}13.6$ mg/dL, $108.1{\pm}16.2$ mg/dL (t=9.2, p<0.001)로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 선행연구에 의하면 모세혈관혈과 정맥혈의 혈당 수치는 여러 가지 이유로 인해 차이가 있는 것으로 보고 되었고 본 연구의 결과도 유사한 차이를 확인하였다. $^{18}F$-FDG PET 검사 전에 혈당 수치를 측정할 때 모세혈관혈 전용 측정 검사지로 정맥혈의 혈당을 측정하는 것은 부정확한 혈당 수치를 측정할 수 있으므로 주의해야 할 것이다. 그러므로 적합한 측정 검사지와 규정된 측정절차를 이행하는 것이 측정 편차를 줄일 수 있어 PET 검사의 전처치를 보다 명확하게 확인할 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 혈당 측정 시에 혈액 채취 부위를 모세혈관 또는 정맥혈관 중에서 항상 동일한 부위에서 측정하는 등의 표준화 과정이 필요할 것이다.

Molecular approaches on pollen development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Soon Ki Park(박순기) 한국생명과학회 2004 한국생명과학회 심포지움 Vol.41 No.-

충북지역 고등학생의 학교급식 식재료 원산지 및 영양표시에 대한 인식

박순기(Soon Ki Park),이인선(In Seon Lee),김향숙(Hyang Sook Kim) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2011 생활과학연구논총 Vol.15 No.2

Currently, schools deal ingredient origin and nutrition labeling school lunch. But, the actual effectiveness for the students is being questioned. Accordingly, this study will look into the recognition on ingredient origin and nutrition labeling of high school lunch by student in Chungbuk area. Then offer the study data on the strategy for effective use ingredient origin and nutrition labeling of school lunch and nutrition labeling. They were not much aware ingredient origin and nutrition labeling, hardly identifying them. Their reason for identifying them was ‘to know the calories on weight watch basis’ and the reason for not identifying was ‘their indifference to the ingredient origin’. The causes for their unconcern for the ingredient origin and nutrition labeling were ‘there are all homegrown’ and the causes for their difficulty in understanding ingredient origin and nutrition labeling were ‘there are too many kinds of nutrition to understand’. Their perception of ingredient origin and nutrition labeling appeared significantly different between male and female students, the mean score of female students was higher than that of male students. In affiliation, the mean score of academic high school was higher than that of vocational high school. But the difference was insignificant level. In grade, the mean score of 2nd graders was higher than that of 1st, 3rd graders without significant differences. The proper spot for ingredient origin and nutrition labeling appeared to be ‘Homepage’. For the question whether the change of nutrition labeling once in a week into everyday would be appropriate, the mean score of female students was higher than that of male students in sex, and in grade, 3rd grade was the highest, and vocational high school was higher than academic high school in affiliation. But there weren’t any significant differences. Desirable nutritions labeling for school lunch was ‘the kinds of present nutrients are good enough’. The most interesting thing among nutrition labeling examples is the data of mixed nutrition labeling and data for nutrition education.

T-DNA 형질전환법에 의한 웅성불임 돌연변이체의 선발

박순기(Soon Ki Park),최홍집(Hong Jib Choi),윤용휘(Yong Hwi Yoon),강홍규(Hong Kyu Kang),김달웅(Dal Ung Kim) 경북대학교 생명공학연구소 1993 遺傳工學硏究所報 Vol.8 No.1

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미국인들과 이후의 사진에 나타난 로버트 프랭크의 인지구조(시공간인식)의 변화

박순기 ( Soon Ki Park ) 한국사진학회 2009 AURA Vol.0 No.20

Robert Frank`s works could be characterized by two periods. The first is the period of realistic pictures as `The Americans` published in 1958. In the book, he, as a European immigrant, criticized the contradictory circumstances in America with the realistic view point. Especially he pointed out the State as the industrialized democratic society ignores the human personality and lords her people over. Such criticism could be done only by Robert Frank who had experienced two different cultures. The second is the period of complex pictures he has made after 1960. At first he had taken motion pictures and experienced the new expressions like multi view points and editing. The basis of the complex pictures was formed by such techniques. In the complex pictures, he represented the dual aspects of life as happiness and unhappiness that Robert Frank had experienced such severe sorrows of his daughter`s death and divorce, etc. So he always set the scene of seashore with the sky and the sea in the picture which symbolize the dual aspects of life. The change in his works was caused by the change of his cognitive structure which was the result of his life experience and means the change from Realism to Modernism. In the conclusion, he accomplished two outstanding achievements with different view points and techniques.

김 아타의 작품에 나타나는 공간과 시간과 불교사상에 대한 연구

박순기 ( Soon Ki Park ) 한국사진학회 2010 AURA Vol.0 No.23

Characteristics of Atta Kim`s works have been changed and developed from realism to Buddhism in 4 stages. In the first stage (1985∼1992), the idea of realism was represented in his works. Atta Kim thought he could show the real world in his photographs. In the second stage (1992∼1994), the idea of deconstruction in them was developed from the realism. In the third stage (1995∼2002), he tried to show the idea of Buddhism in his works. His conviction of realism had been changed to nirvana of Buddhism through the deconstruction in the second stage. After that, he could express the idea of "the world(色) is only human prejudice(空)" in his works as Buddha understood. In the fourth stage (2002 to present), the idea of Buddhism in them has been developed in various ways. He designed his works for showing the idea of Buddhism by setting a naked human in the transparent glass, and using the multiple exposures and the long exposure in a picture. His elaborate scheme has been succeeded in his works and Photography can carry out its role as the media of the expression for Atta Kim to represent Buddhism.

유사한 구조를 가진 사진을 포함한 시각예술 작품들 간의 비교분석 방법론에 대한 고찰

박순기 ( Soon Ki Park ) 한국사진학회 2010 AURA Vol.0 No.22

For the sake of understanding an art work correctly, it is important not only to analyze the art work itself but also to compare the characteristics of it with the others. Many art works including photograph have a same inner structure which can be explained by mathematical models even though it seems they have different styles and characteristics. If we can know they have a same structure, it is easy to compare the characteristics and difference between them. Also if we classify many works in a same category according to each structure, we can save our effort and time for understanding various art works as a small number of classifications of the structure. The process of the comparative and analytical methodology for visual works is as follows; the first step is to select art works estimated to have the similarity, the second is to analyze the inner structure in them with a mathematical model and the third is to compare the similarity and difference between them.

고속철도 PSC 박스 거더교의 최적설계에 관한 연구

이승엽(Seung-Yup Lee),박순응(Soon-Eung Park),박순기(Soon-Ki Park),이두형(Doo-Hyeong Lee),서충인(Choong-In Seo),박상기(Sang-Ki Park) 한국철도학회 2014 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 유전자 알고리즘과 신뢰성 해석을 이용하여 고속철도 PSC 박스거더교의 최적설계를 수행할 수 있는 자동화된 프로그램을 개발하는데 있다. 교량 단면은 단일박스로 중앙경간과 좌우대칭 측경간의 3경간 연속교이다. 최적설계의 목적함수는 콘크리트 단면과 프리스트레싱 케이블의 경비이며, 제약조건식은 구조적 안전성과 응력, 처짐으로 구성하였다. 설계변수는 단면의 기하학적 치수와 케이블의 면적이다. In this research, the main purpose is to develop an automatic processing program for optimal design of high-speed railway PSC box girder bridges using the genetic algorithm and reliability analysis. The cross section of bridge is limited to a single-cell box and longitudinal configuration is formed by three spans where the center span is twice as long as the side spans. The objective function is estimated in terms of concerte section and prestressing cable costs, the constraint equations are necessary to obtain a functional and safe structure. There are several problems such as geometic, stress and deflection constraint. The design variables are the geometric dimensions of the cross section and the prestressing cable areas.

A Comparative Study on the CT Effective Dose by the Position of Patient's Arm

성지혜,박순기,김정선,박승용,정우영,Seong, Ji-Hye,Park, Soon-Ki,Kim, Jung-Sun,Park, Seung-Yong,Jung, Woo-Young The Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine Technology 2012 핵의학 기술 Vol.16 No.1

최근 영상 의학 분야의 발전으로 인한 보편화와 일본의 후쿠시마 원전사태가 일어나면서 방사선 노출에 대한 대중들의 관심이 높아지게 되었다. 이러한 방사선 피폭에 대한 대중들의 관심으로 현재 거의 대부분의 PET/CT검사에서 사용되고 있는 AEC (Automatic Exposure Control) 시스템은 환자의 피폭선량 감소를 위해 피사체의 두께에 따라 최적의 관전류를 조사한다. 또한, 서울아산병원에서는 전신 PET/CT 검사 시선속 경화 인공물(Beam hardening artifact)의 발생을 줄이기 위해 환자의 팔을 머리 위로 올리고 검사를 시행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전신 PET/CT검사 시 환자의 팔 위치에 따라 AEC 시스템을 적용한 CT 유효선량의 차이를 비교하고자 한다. 2008년 12월부터 2011년 7월까지 서울아산병원 핵의학과를 내원하여 동일 장비에서 팔을 올렸을 경우와 팔을 내렸을 경우의 전신 18F-FDG PET/CT 검사를 시행한 환자 45명을 연구의 대상으로 하였고, 실험 장비는 Biograph Truepoint 40 (Bio 40), Biograph Sensation 16 (Bio 16), Discovery STe 8 (DSTe 8)을 사용하였다. 각 장비당 15명의 동일 환자를 대상으로, 팔을 올리고 검사하였을 경우와 팔을 내리고 검사하였을 경우의 CT 유효선량을 산출하여 비교 분석하였다. CT 유효선량의 측정 방법은 ImPACT v1.0 프로그램을 사용하였다. 이 연구를 통해 팔을 올리고 검사한 경우에 팔을 내리고 검사한 경우보다 총 15.2%의 환자 유효선량이 감소된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 전신 PET/CT 검사 시 환자의 팔을 올린 자세는 선속 경화 인공물 발생을 줄이고, 영상의 질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. Purpose: In the whole body PET/CT scan, it is natural to lift the patient's arm for its quality improvement. However, when the lesion is located in head and neck, the arms should be located lower. This study was designed to compare the CT effective dose for each arm position applying Automatic Exposure Control (AEC). Materials and Methods: 45 patients who had $^{18}F$-FDG whole body PET/CT scan were studied with Biograph Truepoint 40 (SIEMENS, GERMANY), Biograph Sensation 16 (SIEMENS, GERMANY), Discovery STe 8 (GE healthcare, USA). The CT effective dose of 15 patients for each equipment was measured and comparatively analyzed in both arm-lifted position and lower-arm position. ImPACT v1.0 program was used as the method of measurement for CT effective dose. For the statistics analysis, Paired t-test which paired with SPSS 18.0 statistic program was applied. Results: In the case of arm-lifted, it was measured as $6.33{\pm}0.93mSv$ for Biograph Sensation 16, $8.01{\pm}1.34mSv$ for Biograph Truepoint 40, and $9.69{\pm}2.32mSv$ for Discovery STe 8. When arms are located lower position, it was measure as $6.97{\pm}0.76mSv$, $8.95{\pm}1.85mSv$, $13.07{\pm}2.87mSv$ for each. CT effective dose according to the arm position was 9.2% for Biograph Truepoint 40, 10.5% for Biograph Sensation 16, and 25.9% for Discovery Ste 8. The statistics analysis showed the meaningful difference ($p$<0.05). Conclusion: For the whole body PET/CT case, CT effective dose applying AEC was decreased the radiation exposure of the patients when the arm was lifted for 15.2% of average value. The patient who has no lesion in head and neck would decrease the artifact occurrence in objective part and lower the CT effective dose. Also, for the patient who had lesion in head and neck, the artifact in objective part can be lower by putting the arms down, the fact that CT effective dose increases should be concerned in its whole body PET/CT scan.