유전체 코호트 연구의 주요 통계학적 과제

박소희,Park, So-Hee 대한예방의학회 2007 예방의학회지 Vol.40 No.2

When conducting large-scale cohort studies, numerous statistical issues arise from the range of study design, data collection, data analysis and interpretation. In genomic cohort studies, these statistical problems become more complicated, which need to be carefully dealt with. Rapid technical advances in genomic studies produce enormous amount of data to be analyzed and traditional statistical methods are no longer sufficient to handle these data. In this paper, we reviewed several important statistical issues that occur frequently in large-scale genomic cohort studies, including measurement error and its relevant correction methods, cost-efficient design strategy for main cohort and validation studies, inflated Type I error, gene-gene and gene-environment interaction and time-varying hazard ratios. It is very important to employ appropriate statistical methods in order to make the best use of valuable cohort data and produce valid and reliable study results.

병렬프로그램의 경합조건을 수행 중에 효율적으로 탐지하기 위한 레이블링 기법

박소희,우종정,배종민,전용기,Park, So-Hee,Woo, Jong-Jung,Bae, Jong-Min,Jun, Yong-Kee 한국정보처리학회 2002 정보처리학회논문지 A Vol.9 No.4

병렬프로그램에서 경합 조건은 비결정적인 수행 결과를 초래하므로 디버깅을 위해 반드시 탐지되어야 한다. 이러한 경합을 수행 중에 탐지하는 기존의 기법들은 병행성 정보 생성 시에 공유 자료구조를 사용하여 심각한 병목현상을 발생시키거나, 병행성 정보 비교 시에 내포병렬성의 정도에 의존하는 비효율적인 시간 복잡도를 가진다. 본 논문에서는 개별 자료구조를 사용함으로써 병목현상을 제거하여 병행성 정보를 확장적으로 생성하며, 생성된 병행성 정보의 비교 시간을 상수적인 복잡도로 개선한 새로운 레이블링 기법을 제안한다. 그러므로 제안된 레이블링 기법의 확장성 및 효율성은 공유메모리와 메시지전달 프로그램뿐만 아니라 이를 혼합하여 사용하는 병렬프로그램에서도 효율적인 수행중 경합탐지를 가능하게 한다. Race conditions, races in short, need to be detected for debugging parallel programs, because the races result in unintended non-deterministic executions. To detect the races in an execution of program, previous techniques use a centralized data structure which may incur serious bottleneck in generating concurrency information, or show inefficient time complexity which depends on the degree of nested parallelism in comparing any two of them. We propose a new labeling scheme in this paper, which is scalable in generating the concurrency information without bottleneck by using private data structure, and improves time complexity into constant in checking concurrency. The scalability and time efficiency therfore makes on-the-fly race detection efficient not only for programs with either shared-memory or message-passing, but also for programs with mixed model of the two.

레이저 가공 산란패턴의 유형에 따른 도광판의 휘도 및 균일도 향상에 관한 전산모사

박소희,이승석,마혜준,최은서,신용진,Park, So-Hee,Lee, Seung-Suk,Ma, Hye-Joon,Choi, Eun-Seo,Shin, Yong-Jin 한국광학회 2010 한국광학회지 Vol.21 No.6

레이저로 가공된 평면산란패턴을 가지는 도광판은 도광판 상부로 방출되는 광이 광원과 가까운 부분에 편중되는 문제로 인해서 전체적인 휘도 분포가 균일하지 않은 문제점을 가지고 있었다. 이를 해결하기 위해 도광판 후면에 레이저를 이용하여 도광판 내부에서 특징적인 기울기를 가지는 산란패턴을 만듬으로써 도광판 상부로 방출되는 광의 균일도를 향상시키고자 하였다. 본 논문에서는 도광판 후면의 산란패턴을 간격과 가공 깊이를 다르게 조절하여 설계하고 이에 따른 도광판의 성능의 차이점을 가공전에 분석하고자 전산모사를 수행하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 산란패턴을 가지는 도광판은 기존의 도광판의 휘도와 균일도에 비해 높은 향상을 가질 것으로 예상되는 바이다. Laser-induced scatterer patterns in a light guide panel(LGP) have provided partially concentrated light distribution, especially near the light entrance of the LGP. Additional treatments for enhancing performance of the LGP, such as gradually increased processing depth, were also developed, but minor improvement was observed in the fabricated LGP. To solve this problem, we designed a revised scatterer pattern to be inscribed into the LGP using different laser processing depths and different separation distances between patterns. Performance feasibility of the proposed pattern was analyzed with simulation before laser inscription in the LGP. The LGP inscribed with the proposed scatterer patterns contributes improvements in luminance and uniformity of the LGP.

한국형 간호사 근무환경 측정도구 개발 및 평가

박소희,강지연,Park, So-Hee,Kang, Jiyeon 한국중환자간호학회 2015 중환자간호학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a valid tool for measuring the work environment of Korean nurses and test the validity and reliability of the instrument. Methods: This is a methodological study for developing and testing a measurement tool. The conceptual framework for the tool was formed through a literature review and in-depth interviews with clinical nurses. 260 meaningful statements were derived through this process, and 59 of the primary items were generated out of these statements. On the basis of the content validity test, 41 items were selected for the preliminary tool. A total of 350 nurses from 7 hospitals responded to the preliminary questionnaire in October 2011. Results: After the item analysis and the principal component analysis using varimax rotation methods, 11 items were deleted. Considering the conceptual framework and the scree plot, we extracted 4 factors from the final 30 items. These factors were organizational support, head nurse's leadership, support system, and relationship with coworkers, and their total variance was 54.4%. The value of Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of the final tool was 0.92. Conclusion: The above findings revealed that the Korean Nursing Work Environment Scale (K-NWES) is an appropriate, valid, and reliable tool for evaluating the work environment of Korean nurses. Further research to perform a criterion validity test of the K-NWES is needed.

북한이탈주민 정신건강의 종단적 추세: 외로움, 우울, 삶의 만족도에 대한 4년 추적 연구

박소희,홍진표,안지현,이혜린,김명현,장혜인,Park, So Hee,Hong, Jin Pyo,An, Ji Hyun,Lee, Hye Rin,Kim, Myung Hyun,Chang, Hyein 대한불안의학회 2021 대한불안의학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal trajectories of life satisfaction, loneliness, and depression and to identify the factors that influence these trajectories in North Korean Defectors (NKD). Methods : NKD (n=300) who registered in the multi-regional adaptation center (Hana Center), within three years of settling in South Korea, were recruited into this study. Life satisfaction, loneliness, and depression were assessed with self-report questionnaires over a period of 4 years (7 waves of data). Latent growth modeling was conducted to assess the changes in life satisfaction, loneliness, and depression. Results : Findings from both unconditional and conditional models (with gender, South Korea settlement age, household income, marital status, and PTSD at wave 1) indicated a linear increase in loneliness and depression, and a linear decrease in life satisfaction over the 4-year period. In the conditional model, gender predicted the intercept of life satisfaction and depression. In addition, PTSD predicted the intercept of life satisfaction, loneliness, and depression and slope of depression. Conclusion : Our finding suggests that the mental health of NKD tends to deteriorate over time after settling in South Korea. Therefore, continuous support is necessary for their successful adaptation to the South Korean Society.

2013~2017년 연안해역별 해양기상요소의 시·공간 변화 및 해무발생시 특성 분석

박소희,송상근,박형식,Park, So-Hee,Song, Sang-Keun,Park, Hyeong-Sik 한국환경과학회 2020 한국환경과학회지 Vol.29 No.3

This study investigates the temporal and spatial variations of marine meterological elements (air temperature (Temp), Sea Surface Temperature (SST), and Significant Wave Height (SWH)) in seven coastal waters of South Korea, using hourly data observed at marine meteorological buoys (10 sites), Automatic Weather System on lighthouse (lighthouse AWS) (9 sites), and AWS (20 sites) during 2013-2017. We also compared the characteristics of Temp, SST, and air-sea temperature difference (Temp-SST) between sea fog and non-sea-fog events. In general, annual mean values of Temp and SST in most of the coastal waters were highest (especially in the southern part of Jeju Island) in 2016, due to heat waves, and lowest (especially in the middle of the West Sea) in 2013 or 2014. The SWH did not vary significantly by year. Wind patterns varied according to coastal waters, but their yearly variations for each coastal water were similar. The maximum monthly/seasonal mean values of Temp and SST occurred in summer (especially in August), and the minimum values in winter (January for Temp and February for SST). Monthly/seasonal mean SWH was highest in winter (especially in December) and lowest in summer (June), while the monthly/seasonal variations in wind speed over most of the coastal waters (except for the southern part of Jeju Island) were similar to those of SWH. In addition, sea fog during spring and summer was likely to be in the form of advection fog, possibly because of the high Temp and low SST (especially clear SST cooling in the eastern part of South Sea in summer), while autumn sea fog varied between different coastal waters (either advection fog or steam fog). The SST (and Temp-SST) during sea fog events in all coastal waters was lower (and more variable) than during non-sea-fog events, and was up to -5.7℃ for SST (up to 5.8℃ for Temp-SST).

톡톡한 한경이: 학내 챗봇 서비스 설계 및 개발

박소희 ( So-hee Park ),김미희 ( Mihui Kim ) 한국정보처리학회 2020 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.27 No.1

본 논문에서는 한경대학교 학생들에게 빠르고 정확하게 학내외 정보를 제공하기 위하여 개인의 스마트폰 보급과 흔히 사용되는 메신저 서비스에 맞춰 이에 기반한 챗봇 서비스를 설계하고 개발한다. 본 챗봇 서비스를 통해 학교 홈페이지, ARS, 어플리케이션 설치 등을 이용한 방법보다 더욱 빠르게 시공간의 제약 없이 원하는 학교 내 정보를 얻을 수 있다.

RAW 264.7 대식세포에서의 유산균에 의한 Nitric Oxide와 TNF-α의 생성 증가 효과

박소희(So Hee Park),정명준(Myung Jun Chung),김수동(Soo Dong Kim),백대헌(Dae Heoun Baek),강병용(Nam Joo Ha),하남주( Nam Joo Ha) 大韓藥學會 2005 약학회지 Vol.49 No.6

The immune reinforcement of the probiotic lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum was studied in RAW 264.7 cell line treated with diluted solution (dilution to 25) of the supernatnats of lactic acid bacteria. RAW 264.7 cell line was used as a macrophage model to assess the effects of lactic acid bacteria on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and cell morphological changes. The production of NO and TNF-α were largely affected by lactic acid bacteria in dose-dependent manner in 24 or 48 hr cultures and cell morphological changes were also largely affected by lactic acid bacteria. Especially, Bifidobacterium bifidum differentially stimulated the production of NO and TNF-α. NO production was increased by Bifidobacterium bifidum 25㎕/㎖ more than LPS(20ng/㎖) control, and TNF-α by Bifidobacterium bifidum 6.25㎕/㎖ more than LPS (10ng/㎖) contorl. The in vito approaches employed here should be useful in further characterization of the effects of lactic acid bacteria on systemic immunity.

고추, 젓갈 및 소금농도가 김치의 맛에 미치는 영향

박소희(So-Hee Park),임호수(Ho-Soo Lim) 한국식품영양과학회 2003 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.32 No.3

김치에 고춧가루, 소금, 젓갈 등의 첨가량을 달리하여 김치의 관능적 특성 변화를 살펴보았다. 김치의 염도가 2%까지는 신맛과 매운맛이 강하였지만 그 이상의 염농도에서는 신맛, 매운맛, 단맛, 감칠맛 등을 억제하였고 고춧가루를 첨가하여 매운맛이 상승함에 따라 3%까지는 신맛은 비례하여 증가하였지만 그밖의 짠맛, 단맛, 감칠맛은 억제시켰으며 젓갈첨가는 감칠맛의 상승과 함께 짠맛과 단맛을 상승시켰으나매운맛과 신맛은 억제하였다. 이상과 같은 조미료 및 향신료의 맛과 김치 맛을 일원일차 상관분석을 통해 알아본 결과 소금의 짠맛은 매운맛, 신맛, 단맛, 감칠맛과 각각 -0.9857, -0.9878, -0.9847, -0.9076을, 또 고추의 매운맛은 신맛, 단맛, 짠맛, 감칠맛과 각각 -0.8353, -0.9316, -0.9020, -0.9901로 모두 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 나타내어 김치의 매운맛과 짠맛의 상승은 김치의 전반적인 맛을 억제시켰다. 한편 감칠맛은 매운맛과만 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 보였고 단맛과 짠맛과는 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보여 매운맛과 짠맛과는 다른 경향을 보였다. This study was conducted to investigate the changes in organoleptic characteristics by adding different amounts of red pepper powder, salt-fermented anchovy extracts to kimchi. The salt enhanced sourness and pungency up to 2% but suppressed sourness, pungency, sweetness and umami taste by salt of more than 2%. Red pepper powder proportionally enhanced sourness up to 3% but suppressed saltiness, sweetness and umami taste. Salt- fermented anchovy extracts enhanced saltiness and sweetness together with enhancement of umami taste, but suppressed pungency and sourness. As the result of one-way analysis of correlation with the above tastes of spices and kimchi, saltiness of NaCl had a significantly negative correlation with pungency, sourness, sweetness and umami taste, as -0.9857, -0.9878, -0.9847, -0.9076, respectively, and pungency of red pepper with sourness, sweetness, saltiness and umami taste, as -0.8353, -0.9316, -0.9020, -0.9901, respectively. This indicated that increase of pungency and saltiness of kimchi suppressed a overall taste of kimchi. In addition, umami taste had a significantly negative correlation with only pungency as -0.9823 and a significantly positive correlation with sweetness and saltiness, showing a different tendency with pungency and saltiness.

공배양 및 물리적 환경하에서의 중간엽 줄기세포의 혈관 관련 세포로의 분화 경향

박소희 ( So Hee Park ),신지원 ( Ji Won Shin ),김수향 ( Su Hyang Kim ),강윤경 ( Yun Gyeong Kang ),전강진 ( Kang Jin Jeon ),김선연 ( Seon Yeon Kim ),현진숙 ( Jin Sook Hyun ),신정욱 ( Jung Woog Shin ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2013 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.10 No.1s

How to control the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into vascular lineage cells have still left much unclear even with numerous studies. Most in vitro studies on the differentiation of stem cells have utilized biochemical reagents. However, recent studies show the potentials of physical and co-culturing environments in control of differentiation. Therefore, we first factored out the in vivo conditions into biochemical reagents, co-culture, and physical stimulation. Then combinational effects of those factors on the differentiation of MSCs into vascular lineage cells were studied. For this EGM (R) -2, co-culture, and shear stress were adopted to meet biochemical, neighboring cells, and physical condition, respectively. A total 4 experimental groups were set depending on co-culture and shear stress. Cell density was 1×104cells/cm2 at all group. For the co-cultures, MSCs were mixed with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the ratio of 1:2. The 12 dyne/cm2 of shear stress was engaged: 4 hr/ day for 2 days followed by 48 hr after seeding. For the analyses, the immunofluorescent staining and PCR was performed to evaluate the differentiation of MSCs into vascular lineage cells. The co-culture group without shear stress showed the ECs-related markers even on the first day of the culture. And this was more observable on day 4. However, differentiation of MSCs into smooth muscle cells was found dominant when shear stress was engaged even MSCs were cultured with HUVECs and EGM (R) -2. From this study we confirmed that physical stimulation (12 dyne/ cm2 in our study) plays an important role in controlling differentiation of MSCs into vascular lineage cell types when MSCs were co-cultured with ECs.