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박상화 ( Sang Hwa Park ),한정호 ( Jung Ho Han ),임달오 ( Dar Oh Lim ) 서울대학교 인구의학연구소 2013 人口醫學硏究論集 Vol.26 No.-
The objective of this study was to analyze the seasonal variation of the preterm birth (<37 weeks) and the singleton birth data (1,794,416 births) were obtained from the 2008-2011 birth certificate data of Statistics Korea. The multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between preterm birth and season of birth. The Incidence rate of preterm birth was 4.5 percent in total singleton births. There was a significant difference between the rate of preterm birth and month & season of birth (p<0.01). Months with the lowest rate of preterm birth were March-April (4.2 percent). There was a peak incidence of the preterm birth in summer season (4.7 percent) and the lowest in spring season (3.4 percent) and was a significant increase in the risk (odds ratio: OR) of the preterm birth in summer (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.10-1.25) , winter (1.06, 1.04-1.18) and autumn (1.04, 1.01-1.06) as compared with the incidence rate in spring.
박상화 ( Sang Hwa Park ),김종석 ( Jong Seok Kim ) 서울대학교 인구의학연구소 2015 人口醫學硏究論集 Vol.28 No.-
The objective of the study was to com pare the inter-twin birth weight discordance by analyzing birth certificated data of Korea Statistics, There were 26,325 pairs of twins, born from 2010 to 2013, according to the birth certificated data of Korea Statistics (excluded extra-marital birth, teenage birth, and non-hospital birth cases). Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated from logistic regression analyses to describe the birth weight discordance by maternal age, year of birth, gestational age and infantile gender. Birth weight discordance rate (%) was calculated as 100 x (birth weight difference of inter-twin/birth weight of heavier twin). Overall rate of birth weight discordance was 11.1 percent, and mean difference of inter-twin birth weight was 0.281kg. The frequency of discordance level was 55.3 percent, 29.4 percent, 10.8 percent, and 4.5 percent, respectively, and in twin with a birth weight discordance level of :0; 9 percent, 10-19 percent, 20-29 percent, and ~ 30 percent. 1ncidence of birth weight discordance more than 25 percent was 8.3 percent. Compared with women aged 20-29 years, odds ratio of ~ 25 percent discordance was 1.157 (95 % confidence interval: 1.017-1.317) in aged 35 years and older. Birth weight discordance of ~ 25 percent was significantly increased with earlier gestational age. Odds ratio of ~ 25 percent discordance was 2.272 (1.997-2.584) in early preterm birth (:0; 33 weeks), and 1.405 (1.276-1.548) in post preterm birth (34-36 weeks) as compared to full term birth (~37 weeks). Odds ratio of ~ 25 percent discordance for the different-sexed twins was 1.122 0.008-1.249), compared with same-sexed twins (female-female). Birth weight discordance of ~ 25 percent was associated with earlier gestational age, and women aged 35 years & older, and different-sexed twin. There was a need to understand the contributing birth weight discordance and to reduce the discordance for high risk women.
우리나라 쌍태아의 출생체중 불일치 수준과 조기분만에 관한 연구; 2009-2013
박상화 ( Sang Hwa Park ),한정호 ( Jung Ho Han ),임달오 ( Dar Oh Lim ) 한국보건정보통계학회(구 한국보건통계학회) 2015 한국보건정보통계학회지 Vol.40 No.2
Objectives: To compare the relationship between intra-twin birth weight discordance and preterm birth (PTB; ≤36 weeks) by analyzing the birth certificated data of Koera Statistics. Methods: The 2009-2013 birth certificated data of Korea Statistics was used for this analysis. There were 31,998 completely matched twin pairs from 67,557 twin birth data. The data of unmatched twin cases, teenage birth, extra-marital birth, non-hospital birth cases, and gestational age and birth weight information missing cases were excluded. Odds ratio and 95 percent confidence intervals were calculated from logistic regression analyses to describe the risk of PTB by the degree of intra twin birth weight discordance (birth weight difference/ birth weight of heavier twin x 100) adjusted for infantile sex, birth order, maternal age, year of birth, and maternal education & occupation. Results: The incidence of intra-twin birth weight discordance was 55.3 percent in discordance level of ≤9 percent, and 4.4 percent in discordance level of ≥30 percent. The mean gestational age was getting shorter from 35.9 weeks in discordance level of ≤9 percent to 34.8 weeks in discordance level of ≥30 percent. The rate of PTB in twins was increased with increasing degree of birth weight discordance. The PTB rates were 52.1 percent and 70.8 percent, respectively, in subjects with a birth weight discordance of ≤9 percent and in those ≥30 percent. Compared with birth weight discordance of ≤9 percent, odds ratio of PTB was 1.15 (95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.24) in birth weight discordance (20%), and 2.28 (2.02-2.57) in birth weight discordance of ≥30 percent. Conclusions: The risk of PTB was significantly increased with higher degree of intra-twin birth weight discordance of ≥20 percent.
박상화 ( Sang Hwa Park ),권경훈 ( Kyoung Hun Kwon ),이시내 ( Shi Nae Lee ),김수범 ( Su Beom Kim ),서민정 ( Min Jeong Seo ),양원창 ( Won-chang Yang ),임달오 ( Dar Oh Lim ) 한국보건정보통계학회 2021 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.46 No.3
Objectives: To analyze the seven metropolitan cities of twin birth rate per 100 births (TBR) from 2000 to 2019 in Korea. Methods: We used the 2000- 2019 birth certificated data (3,949,097 births) of seven metropolitan cities from Statistics Korea. The data of extra-marital birth and information missing cases (maternal and paternal age and triplet birth) were excluded. The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression to describe the regional variance of TBR adjusted for maternal age, age difference between couple and maternal educational backgrounds. Results: During this period (2000-2019 years), the highest TBR by region was observed in Ulsan and Seoul metropolitan city (3.0), and the lowest TBR in Deagu metropolitan city (2.6). The TBR increased by 275 percent from 1.74 in 2000 to 4.79 in 2019. During the period from 2000-2004 to 2015-2019, there was the highest increment of TBR in Ulsan metropolitan city (odds ratio: 1.78; 95% confidence interval: 1.64-1.92) and Busan metropolitan city (1.74; 1.65-1.83), and the lowest increment in Daegu metropolitan city (1.24; 1.17-1.31), after adjustment by logistic regression for demographic variables. During the period 2015-2019 years, there was a significant increase the odds ratio of TBR in Ulsan metropolitan city (1.39), Busan metropolitan city (1.33), Seoul metropolitan city (1.25) and Incheon metropolitan city (1.23), as compared with the TBR of Deagu metropolitan city. Conclusions: Over the past two decades, TBR have risen dramatically in metropolitan cities of Korea. Regional variance of TBR was observed among metropolitan cities in Korea. There is a need for more research to understand the socio-demographic and medical factors associated with regional differences. The national birth registration system needs to be reformed to monitor whether twin births are spontaneous or assisted pregnancy.
박상화(Sang-Hwa Park),김응익(Eung-Ik Kim) 한국인구학회 1996 한국인구학 Vol.19 No.2
출생성비는 재생산 양상, 자연도태 및 변이 양상과 인구구조의 변동과 매우 밀접한 관련이 있다. 최근 한국 및 동아시아에서 출생성비의 불균형과 관련한 문제가 대두되고 있고 향후 파급효과에 대한 사항도 지적된 바 있다. 본 연구는 한국의 출생성비의 증가추세를 시계열적으로 분석하고 향후 성비추이를 분석해 봄으로써 인구정책에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도하였다. 연구자료는 인구동태 통계(1980~1994)를 기초자료로 활용하였다. 출생신고 전에 사망한 출생아의 사망은 한국 현실을 감안해 볼 때 거의 누락되기 때문에 본 연구에서는 이 부분은 제외하고 출생성비를 분석하였다. 출생성비는 1980년 103.9에서 1994년 115.4로 증가추세를 나타낸다. 월별 출생성비는 1월이 가장 높았고 3월이 가장 낮았다. 각 연도 평균성비를 기준으로 한 월별 출생성비의 변동폭은 최근에 올수록 월별 출생변동폭이 점차 감소하는 추세였고 변동폭이 가장 큰 시점은 1989년 12월(-16.7), 1990년 1월(+20.61)이었다. 출생성비의 회귀식은 Y(성비) = 103.39 + 0.064(시간) + 4.808(1월) + …… + 0790(11월)였다(R² = 0.615, P<0.001) 출생성비는 1995년 116.9,2000년에는 120.86으로 추정되었다. 이러한 출생성비의 증가요인으로서 성감별에 따른 선택적 인공임신중절이 가장 중요한 영향인자로 대두되고 있으나, 다른 요인도 고려되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 예를 들어서 태아사망, 주산기 및 신생아 사망률의 저하에 따른 성별 사망력의 차이 요인, 출생아의 출생순위별 분포의 변화, 결혼 후 첫 출산 간격의 단축, 이상자녀수의 감소로 인한 합계출산율의 저하 및 남아 1자녀 출산 후 단산을 원하는 비율의 변화 등이다. 따라서 출생성비 증가요인의 체계적 분석을 위해서는 성비에 영향을 주는 인자를 고려한 포괄적 접근방법이 요구된다. The objective of this study was to analyze the trend of sex ratio at birth from the vital statistics of National Statistical Offices during 15 years(1980~1994). The total of registered birth during the period were 10, 770, 756 cases. The trend of sex ratio at birth increased from 103.9 in 1980 to 115.4 in 1994. Seasonality of sex ratio was higher in January and lower in March. The variation between yearly mean sex ratio and calendar month sex ratio showed a slight decline from 1980 to 1994. The regression analysis showed a statistically significant linear trend : Sex ratio = 103.39+0.064(time)+4.808(January)+……+0.790(November) ; (R²= 0.615, P < 0.001). The sex ratio was estimated to be 116.9 in 1995 and 120.86 in 2000, according to the equation. In Korea in recent years, male live births bave exceeded those of females by amounts far greater than those that occur naturally in human population. This imbalance of sex ratio may plausibly be attributed to sex selective abortion and other factors; decreasing early mortality rate, higher proportion of first birth order in total births, shorther period between marriage and first birth, and lower total fertility rate.