논문(論文) : 러시아 주류정책의 변화, 1914-1932: 금주령에서 보드카 독점으로

박상철 ( Sang Chul Park ) 대구사학회 2011 대구사학 Vol.103 No.-

The Change of Russian Alcohol Policy, 1914-1932 Park, Sang-chul [Abstract] The Russian government, at beginning of the First World War, issued prohibition law to avoid anarchy and disorganization of military mobilization and responding to the public opinions of educated society that had criticized excessive financial dependance of vodka monopoly. And the Bolsheviks, after the seize of power in October, 1917, continued anti-alcohol policies. The Soviet communists, regarding popular drinking practices as ``vestiges of capitalism`` or ``social diseases,`` tried to correct it with various legal and administrative measures, cultural and propaganda activities. But this meant a direct attack on popular way of life and cultural values contained in it. Therefore, people`s major response to it was the production and consumption of moonshine. In 1920s, in context of fierce power struggle, Stalin and others asserted to resume and expand the production of the state vodka in order to suppress growing moonshine industry and to accumulate capital for speedy industrialization. When it became clear that anti-alcohol movements could threaten the consumption of state vodka as a source of state liquor revenues, he incapacitated anti-alcohol movement and at the same time declared that alcohol problems in Soviet Union had been resolved. This early experience in Soviet Union showed that drinking practices is rather determined and changed under the influence of many factors, such as power struggles, cultural conflicts between social elements and so on. It also showed how the utopian enthusiasm of Russian communists changed in harsh reality, and why many peoples began to develop conformist way of behaviour.

용접부 피로강도를 고려한 굴삭기 붐 구조물 설계(I)

박상철,Park, Sang-Chul 대한용접접합학회 2010 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.28 No.5

The purpose of this study is to develop improved boom structures with reliable fatigue strength of weldment and lower production cost. For that purpose, multibody dynamic analysis was performed to evaluate forces acting on arm & boom cylinders and joints of boom structure during operation of an excavator for three working postures, then stress analysis was made to investigate stress distribution around diaphragms at the bottom plate of boom structures which was known to be susceptible to fatigue failures of welded joints, and finally boom structure with optimum arrangement of diaphragms was proposed. This work basically consists of the following two parts: part 1 focuses on multibody dynamic analysis of excavators during operation and part 2 includes evaluations of fatigue strength of welded joints for modified boom structures.

Guinea pig에서 alcohol과 paraquat에 의한 간독성에 미치는 selenium의 방어 효과

박상철,강형섭,이호일,김진상,Park, Sang-chul,Kang, Hyung-sub,Lee, Ho-il,Kim, Jin-sang 대한수의학회 1996 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.36 No.2

Experiments were undertaken to examine the ability of selenium to protect against alcohol and/or paraquat-induced hepatotoxicity and to examine the additive effect between alcohol and paraquat. Protective effect against hepatotoxic functions was measured in serum from alcohol(15% v/v), paraquat(200ppm), alcohol and paraquat, and combination of sodium selenite(4ppm) in drinking water-fed guinea pigs ad libitum for 4 weeks. A total of 68 healthy 7-weeks-old male animals were assigned at random to 8 treatment groups(9~13 animals/group). Body and liver weight losses, and high serum concentrations in aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT, in only paraquat group), $\gamma$-glutamyltranspeptidase($\gamma$-GTP), cholesterol(Cho), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), total bilirubin(TB), direct bilirubin(DB), total protein(TP), albumin and globulin as well as low values in alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and glucose were produced in a groups of alcohol or paraquat-fed. These values were not potentiated in a group given the combination of alcohol plus paraquat. Morphological changes in the liver were also observed in the alcohol or paraquat-fed group. Lipid droplet and cell swelling in the hepatocytes were observed in alcohol-fed guinea pig, especially Mallory's hyaline arounded hepatic vein. In the paraquat-fed guinea pig, lipid droplet, pyknosis and karyolysis were observed. When alcohol or paraquat was combined with selenium-fed, hyperplasia of Kupffer cell in liver were observed. However, the mean ALT, $\gamma$-GTP, Cho, BUN, TB, TP, albumin and globulin values were lower in groups given the combination of alcohol and/or paraquat plus selenium, compared with groups given alcohol and/or paraquat. Also, the ratio of liver weight to body weight and ALP values(exception of paraquat plus selenium group) were increased by selenium. These results suggest that an adequate selenium confers marked protection against alcohol and paraquat-induced hepatotoxicity.

용접부 피로강도를 고려한 굴삭기 붐 구조물 설계(II)

박상철,Park, Sang-Chul 대한용접접합학회 2011 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.29 No.4

The purpose of this study is to develop improved boom structures with reliable fatigue strength of weldment and lower production cost. For that purpose, multi-body dynamic analysis was performed to evaluate forces acting on arm & boom cylinders and joints of boom structure during operation of an excavator for three working postures, then stress analysis was made to investigate stress distribution around diaphragms at the bottom plate of boom structures which was known to be susceptible to fatigue failures of welded joints, and finally boom structures with optimum arrangement of diaphragms was proposed. This work mainly consists of the following two parts: part 1 focuses on multi-body dynamic analysis of excavators during operation and part 2 includes evaluations of fatigue strength of welded joints for modified boom structures.

핵, 피질 그리고 낭 백내장의 굴절이상 전환

박상철(Sang Chul Park),이석주(Soek Ju Lee),성아영(A Young Sung) 한국안광학회 2003 한국안광학회지 Vol.8 No.1

1917년 러시아 혁명과 마르토프

박상철 ( Sang Chul Park ) 호남사학회 2007 역사학연구 Vol.31 No.-

Innovative Cluster and Corporate Networking

박상철(Sang-Chul Park) 한국전자거래학회 2007 한국전자거래학회 심포지움 및 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

제1차 세계대전 시기 러시아 농촌과 ‘금주법’

박상철 ( Sang Chul Park ) 한국서양사연구회(구 서울대학교 서양사연구회) 2019 서양사연구 Vol.0 No.61

When World War I broke out, the Russian government banned liquor sales for efficient military mobilization. On August 22, 1914, Emperor Nicolas II extended the ban on vodka until the end of the war. Under the October 13 law, whether to prohibit the sale of other liquor was subject to the local self-government's decision. This system of abstinence, especially the ban on vodka, was based on the belief that the Tsar should protect peasants from intoxication and the resulting economic bankruptcy. Most Russian peasants adapted relatively easily, accepting a ban on vodka sale in the patriotic atmosphere of Russian society. In early period of the war, Russian peasants used their money saved to buy goods to improve their lives and agriculture. In addition, they not only faithfully paid their various taxes and public payments, but they also paid off their debts and saved a lot of money in banks. The fact that Russian peasants bought a number of “goods” suggests that these goods could fill some voids of state vodka in urban-rural trade. Peasants also continued to sell certain grains to the market for various taxes, public payments, debt repayments and savings. Thus, linking the ban on vodka directly to the food crisis and the resulting mass revolution in the major cities is an over-the-top logical leap. At the same time, Russian peasants were affected by changes in the overall social atmosphere. As a result, the early patriotic atmosphere gradually subsided, the government’s and even the emperor's authority was tarnished, and the moral guilt of the peasants for violating the dry law must have been reduced. In fact, it was virtually impossible to force Russian peasants to abstain from drinking for a long time. In rural areas, however, there were fewer violations of dry law than in cities, and Russian peasants drank different kinds of alcoholic beverages. They preferred moonshine, which spread rapidly in Siberia, Belorussia, and Ural areas from the late 1915. In some areas moonshine industry developed beyond the control of the police by the February Revolution. On the other hand, the production of moonshine was less developed in central and northern European Russia. With this regional difference, the production of moonshine had continued to spread in rural Russia since 1915, which led to a rapid increase in the number of cases caught by authorities. It means that the local authorities had been fighting hard to curb the spread of moonshine. Therefore, as the activities of authorities diminished after the February revolution, the violations of the dry law became more serious and frequent.

1917년 2월 혁명의 첫날: 소련 정통 학설의 확립까지

박상철 ( Sang-chul Park ) 한국서양사연구회(구 서울대학교 서양사연구회) 2020 서양사연구 Vol.0 No.63

After the February Revolution, the views that on February 23, International Women’s Day, the revolution began with the sudden spread of workers’ strikes and demonstrations, and that the revolution only began on February 27 when soldiers revolted and the State Duma participated in the revolution waere at odds. Early Soviet historians adopted the view that the revolution began on February 23 following Bolshevik’s claim, but accepted the widespread view that the February revolution broke out spontaneously. However, some Bolsheviks argued in their memoirs that the Bolsheviks party actively engaged in revolutionary propaganda during the war and led the popular movement during the February Revolution. Their arguments were gradually reflected in the February revolutionary studies. In March 1927, denying Bolshevik’s organizational leadership in the February Revolution, Ia. A. Iakovlev argued for the spontaneous nature of the February Revolution, acknowledging Bolshevik’s ideological influence, and raised the possibility that the February 18th strike of Putilov factory could be regarded as the beginning of the Revolution. As the Stalinist regime was solidified in the 1930s, the February 18th strike of the Putilov factory was regarded as the beginning of the February Revolution, emphasizing the Bolshevik Party’s ideological and organizational leadership. Stalinist historiography began to falter after Stalin’s death in March 1953 and Khrushchev’s secret speech that criticized Stalin in February 1956. Especially after the “Burzhalov Affair,” Soviet historians were able to try some independent interpretation within official guidelines, and the evaluation of fellow historians became more important than the official guidelines. In the midst of these changes, historians gradually recognized the spontaneous nature of the popular movement, breaking away from the tendency to emphasize Bolshevik’s leadership in the February revolution. However, they still regarded February 17 or February 18 as the ‘first day’ of the February Revolution, when the Putilov strike began, rather than February 23, International Women’s Day. In 1965, Burzhalov clearly argued that the revolution began on February 23. He suggested the logic that due to the food crisis, on February 23, backward workers actively participated in strikes and demonstrations, and that women workers took the initiative because it was International Women’s Day, which enabled the workers’ strikes and demonstrations to develop into a popular revolution. Also, Burzhalov argued, the fact that the February 23 incidents were not planned by any political party and no one knew that the “Second Russian Revolution” was beginning on this day shows the spontaneous nature of the February Revolution. He stressed that only the Bolshevik-workers tried to guide the spontaneous movement on this day. Burzhalov’s view gradually established itself as an orthodox theory of the February Revolution in the Soviet Union. (Chonnam National University / sachpark@jnu.ac.kr)

[특별기사Ⅲ]인천국제공항을 중심으로 한 항공물류 현황과 발전 방안

박상철(Sang-Chul Park),조동기(Dong-Gi Cho),박해근(Hae-Geun Park) 대한토목학회 2011 대한토목학회지 Vol.59 No.8