부모양육행동과 남자 청소년들의 비자살적 자해행동 : 자해동기의 순차매개효과

박문숙(Moon Sook Park),안하얀(Ha Yan An),서영석(Young Seok Seo) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.22

본 연구에서는 부정적 부모양육행동과 비자살적 자해행동(경도, 중증도)의 관계를 사회적 욕구충족 및 조종 동기(사회적 동기)와 부적정서 경감 및 회피 동기(개인내적 동기)가 순차적으로 매개하는 구조모형을 설정하고, 모형의 적합도 및 매개효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 인천시 소재 5개의 특성화고등학교에 재학 중인 청소년들을 대상으로 2019년 7월 11일부터 7월 20일까지 설문을 실시하였다. 설문에 응답한 1,047명의 남자 청소년 중 비자살적 자해 경험이 있는 199명의 자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 부정적 부모양육행동과 자해행동 간 직접경로는 유의하지 않았다. 또한 부정적 부모양육행동은 사회적 욕구충족 및 조종 동기에만 직접적인 영향을 미쳤고, 부적정서 경감 및 회피 동기에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 사회적 욕구충족 및 조종 동기는 부적정서 경감 및 회피 동기에 직접적으로 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 부적정서 경감 및 회피 동기는 자해행동에 직접적으로 영향을 미치지만, 사회적 욕구충족 및 조종 동기는 자해행동에 직접적으로 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 결과적으로, 부정적 부모양육행동이 경도 자해행동과 중증도 자해행동에 미치는 영향이 두 가지 동기에 의해 순차적으로 완전매개되는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 상담 및 교육에 대한 시사점을 논하였다. The present study set a structural model that ‘the motivation for meeting social needs and manipulating (interpersonal motivation)’ and ‘the motivation for alleviating and avoiding negative emotions (intrapersonal motivation)’ sequentially mediated the relationship between negative parenting behavior and non-suicidal self-injury (mild, severe) and examined the fitness and the mediating effect of the model. For this purpose, the survey was performed to adolescents in five specialized vocational high schools in Incheon from July 11 to July 20, 2019. Among the 1,047 male adolescents who responded to the survey, the data of 199 students with a history of NSSI were used for final analysis. The results of this study showed that the direct path between negative parenting behavior and NSSI behavior was not significant. Also, negative parenting behavior only directly affected interpersonal motivation and did not affect intrapersonal motivation. Meanwhile, interpersonal motivation had a positive direct effect on intrapersonal motivation. Intrapersonal motivation directly affected NSSI behavior, but it was found that intrapersonal motivation did not directly affect NSSI behavior. In conclusion, this study presented that the effect of negative parenting behavior on mild NSSI behavior and severe NSSI behavior was fully mediated by the two types of motivation sequentially. Based on the findings, the implications for counseling and education were discussed.

새로운 생명공학기술의 법적 수용에 관한 소고 - 바이오안전성의정서 및 각국에서의 규제동향을 중심으로

박문숙 ( Park Moon-sook ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2020 法學硏究 Vol.28 No.2

지구상의 여러 위기들을 극복할 수 있는 해결방안으로 새로운 생명공학기술들이 제시되며 주목받고 있다. 특히 합성생물학의 경우 약 10년 정도에 이르는 짧은 기간에 급격한 과학기술의 발전을 보여주고 있는 분야이다. 하지만 기초적인 개념정립에서부터 세부 규제내용에 이르기까지 명확한 분석과 법규마련이 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 새로운 생명공학기술을 어떻게 바라보고 접근하며 규제 강도를 어느 수준으로 정하는가에 따라 과학적 발전에 있어서 뿐만 아니라 경제적, 사회적, 윤리적 측면에서도 큰 파장을 가져올 수 있다. 이러한 의미에서 새로운 생명공학기술의 현황과 각국의 규제 및 국제 규범을 살펴보는 것은 의미가 있다. 합성생물학의 경우 바이오안전성의정서의 개념에 포함시켜 규율할 수 있으며, 생물다양성에 대한 잠재적 위험성을 고려하여 새로운 규제내용을 담은 규제시스템 구축이 필요하다. 유전자가위기술의 경우 다수 국가들에서 완화된 방향으로 규제가 이루어지거나 규제하지 않는 동향을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 상황을 반영하여 우리나라의 경우 합성생물학과 유전자가위기술에 대해 명확한 입장을 취함과 동시에 법제의 정비를 본격화하여야 할 것이다. New bioengineering technologies are drawing attention as a solution to these global crises. Especially in the case of synthetic biology, it is a field that shows rapid technological development in a short period of about ten years. However, there is no clear analysis and legislation, ranging from basic conceptualization to detailed regulations. Depending on how to view, approach and set the intensity of regulation on new biotechnologies, it can have a huge impact not only on scientific development but also on economic, social and ethical aspects. In this sense, it is meaningful to look at the regulatory circumstances in each country and relevant international norms as well as the current status of new biotechnologies. Synthetic biology can be regulated under the Biosafety Protocol, and it is necessary to establish a regulatory regime that contains new regulations in preparation for potential risks to biodiversity. In the case of gene editing technology, trends in relaxed regulation or non-regulation have been identified in many countries. Reflecting this situation, Korea needs to take a clear stance on synthetic biology and gene editing technology while starting to create domestic legislation.

국제법적 측면에서의 이산화탄소포집저장 기술 법제화 방안에 대한 소고

박문숙(Park, Moon-Sook) 중앙법학회 2019 中央法學 Vol.21 No.2

이산화탄소포집저장 기술은 화석에너지원에의 의존과 재생에너지시대의 도래 중간의 시기에서 기후변화를 극복하기 위한 기술이자 선진국과 개도국의 이해관계도 절충할 수 있는 가교기술이라는 특징을 갖고 있다. 각국은 CCS를 실행하기 위해 필요한 투자를 하고 관련 기술을 개발 및 연구하는데 있어서 성과를 얻었으나, 관련 법적, 제도적 기반을 마련하는 데 있어서는 보완이 더욱 필요한 상황이다. CCS는 포집, 수송, 저장이라는 일련의 과정을 거쳐야 하며 육상뿐만 아니라 해상에서의 저장도 가능하다는 점에서 상당히 많은 환경법적 문제들과 관련될 수 있다. 이는 기존의 관련법과의 관계정립이 다각도로 이루어져야 함을 의미한다. 국제법적 측면에서는 기후변화관련 조약 및 해양보호관련 조약들과 CCS의 관계를 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 분석 결과, CCS 실행과 관련될 수 있는 국제조약과 국제규범들은 CCS기술에 부합하는 것으로 평가된다. CCS는 기후변화협약과 교토의정서에 어긋나지 않을 뿐 아니라 오히려 이러한 조약들의 효력을 증진시키는 유용한 수단이라고 보아야 할 것이다. 또한 CCS는 해양환경보호와 관련한 국제법에도 반하지 않는 것으로 평가되며, CCS 실행은 런던의정서 개정에 의해 명백히 허용되었다. 다만 향후 사전예방적 접근에 따라 CCS 실행을 위한 내용과 절차들을 엄격히 할 필요가 있다. 한편 CDM의 CCS 수용으로 인해 CDM의 긍정적 기능은 훼손되지 않고 오히려 강화될 수 있을 것으로 보이며, 개도국에서의 CCS 실행에도 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 예측된다. 하지만 크레딧의 과다 발급, 베이스라인 및 모니터링 방법론의 불충분, 누출시 책임소재의 불명확 등 CCS의 CDM 편입이 가져오는 문제들도 제기되고 있다. 이러한 문제들을 극복하기 위한 정확하고 공정한 크레딧 발급방안이 필요하며, CDM의 CCS 수용에 대비하여 향후 CCS의 특성을 고려한 보다 구체적인 기준들이 마련되어야 한다. 나아가 향후 파리협약에서 CDM이 어떻게 변화할 것인지를 예측하기 힘들지만, 이에 대한 분석과 준비를 바탕으로 CCS와 CDM에 대한 전략을 마련해야 할 것이다. Carbon capture and sequestration is characterized by bridge technology to overcome the climate change crisis in the mid era depending on fossil energy sources and the advent of renewable energy, as well as to compromise interests of developed and developing countries. Each country has made the necessary investments to implement CCS and achieved results in research and development. However, the current legal and regulatory systems are not sufficient for the deployment of CCS. Also, CCS can be related to a considerable number of environmental legal issues in that CCS technology is carried out through a series of processes, such as capture, transport, and sequestration, under the possibility of both types of onshore and offshore CCS. For this reason, the relationship between CCS and existing environmental laws needs to be well established from a multiple point of view. On an international level, climate change-related laws and ocean-related laws need to be reviewed to see if they are consistent with CCS technology. The analysis evaluates that CCS technology is compatible with international treaties and norms. CCS is not in conflict with the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol but it is rather a useful means of increasing the effectiveness of these treaties. CCS is also assessed as not contradictory to international laws regarding marine environmental protection, and the technology is expressly permitted by the London Protocol amendments. However, it is necessary to strictly enforce the contents and procedures associated with CCS deployment in accordance with the precautionary approach. CCS has been incorporated into the CDM under the Kyoto Protocol, which expects that CCS projects are more likely to be expanded to developing countries. In addition, the CDM"s acceptance of CCS is expected to enhance the CDM"s positive functions. However, problems such as excessive issuance of CERs, insufficient baseline and monitoring methodologies, and uncertainty of liability systems, are also exposed. Therefore, correct and fair credit issuance measures are needed to overcome these problems, and more specific criteria needs to be created, considering the characteristics of CCS in preparation for the CDM"s acceptance of CCS. Furthermore, even though it is difficult to predict how CDM will change under Paris Agreement, it is necessary to come up with strategies for CCS and CDM, based on its analysis and preparation.

지역사회 주민의 천식과 뇌졸중 및 심근경색증과 연관성 -2009년 지역사회건강조사를 바탕으로-

신승옥 ( Seung Ok Shin ),박종 ( Jong Park ),임순임 ( Sun Im Im ),권유진 ( Yu Jin Kwon ),심재순 ( Jae Soon Shim ),박문숙 ( Moon Sook Park ) 대한보건협회 2013 대한보건연구 Vol.39 No.2

Objectives: Stroke and myocardial infarction are the second and third highest causes of death in South Korea, respectively, and asthma is an inflammatory allergic disease that costs 4 trillion won annually to manage both directly and indirectly. Thus, this study was conducted to see if asthma is correlated with stroke and myocardial infarction. Methods: The subjects of this study were adults aged over 19 in 2009, of whom 4,452 people had stroke and 2,464, myocardial infarction. The investigation was done by analyzing the age, gender, education level, obesity, smoking and other diseases of the subjects, after which a logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine if there was a relation with asthma. Results: Among the stroke patients, there was a significant difference in the prevalence according to their gender, age, level of obesity, education level and smoking history. The percentage of asthma patients with stroke was 4.1%, which shows a significant difference. As for myocardial infarction, there was a significant difference in the prevalence when the patients were older, men, with a lower education level and were non-smokers. The percentage of asthma patients with myocardial infarction was 2.9%. The incidence of hypertension was 3.488 times higher in the stroke patients and 1.934 times higher in the myocardial infarction patients; of diabetes, 1.661 times higher in the stroke patients and 1.891 times higher in the myocardial infarction patients; and of hyperlipidemia, 1.569 times higher in the stroke patients and 2.899 times higher in the myocardial infarction patients. The prevalence of myocardial infarction was 2.575 times higher in the stroke group, and the prevalence of stroke was 2.470 times higher in the myocardial infarction group. In the asthma patients, the prevalence of stroke was 1.232 higher, which is 1.630 times higher than in the myocardial infarction group. Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma was 1.2 times higher in the stroke patients and 1.6 times higher in the myocardial infarction patients. Thus, asthma showed a significant correlation with stroke and myocardial infarction. However, because this study is a cross-sectional study that used questionnaires, we propose a prospective study to further investigate this relation.

전처리 오존에 의한 혐기성 소화반응의 효과에 관한 연구

김용대(Yong Dai Kim),안재동(Jae Dong An),박문숙(Moon Sook Park) 한국환경보건학회 1999 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.25 No.1

The characteristics of the ozone-anaerobic treatments of phenol wastewater were studied in a laboratory scale wastewater treatment system. The ozone treatment of wastewater was carried out in a batch-type reactor. The ozonizing time, initial pH of wastewater, volumetric flow rate and ozone concentration of aerating gas were maintained as 140 min, 10, 1.5ℓ/min and 30 mg/ℓ. The anaerobic reactor was maintained at a temperature of 35℃ and a hydraulic retention time of 24 hours. In the ozonation with successive anaerobic degradation, the ozonizing stage gave removal efficiencies of phenol and COD as 77% and 33%, respectively. The overall removal efficiencies of phenol and COD could be obtained over the whole treatment as 97% and 70%, respectively. However, the anaerobic degradation was ineffective and could not be used as an energy source due to producing a small amount of low calorific biogas. The intermediates formed by ozonation of phenol seemed hard to decompose in the anaerobic treatment. In conclusion, the ozonation reactor with successive anaerobic reactor is unsuitable due to losing the advantage of anaerobic treatment that is to obtain the considerable amount of fuel gas.

2008 지역사회 건강조사 자료를 이용한 노인의 손상 관련요인

권유진(Yu-Jin Kwon),류소연(So-Yeon Ryu),신승옥(Seung-Ok Shin),천인애(In-Ae Chun),박문숙(Moon-Sook Park),심재순(Jae-Soon Shim) 한국농촌의학 지역보건학회 2014 농촌의학·지역보건 Vol.39 No.1

본 연구는 2008년 지역사회건강조사에 참여한 65세 이상 노인 43,049명을 대상으로 노인의 손상 관련요인을 알아보기 위하여 수행하였다. 2008년 지역사회건강조사 자료 중 최근 1년 동안의 손상경험 여부와 인구사회학적 특성, 건강관련 특성, 만성질환 이환 관련 특성 등을 이용하여 손상관련요인을 파악하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS Win 18.0(version)을 이용하여 카이제곱 검정, 다중로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였고, 통계적 유의성은 p<0.05로 하였다. 최근 1년 동안 노인의 손상경험률은 5.1%였으며, 추락·미끄러짐, 운수사고 등의 손상이 가장 많았다. 손상에 관련을 미치는 요인으로 확인된 것은 동거가족, 현재음주, 우울감, 주관적 건강상태, 뇌졸중, 골다공증이었다. 동거가족은 부부만 사는 노인에 비해 혼자 사는 노인의 교차비가 1.23(95% CI: 1.05-1.43), 자녀나 기타 친인척과 사는 노인의 교차비가 1.16(95% CI: 1.02-1.32)이었다. 현재음주는 음주를 하지 않는 노인에 비해 음주를 하는 노인의 교차비가 1.19(95% CI:1.05-1.35)이었고, 주관적 건강상태는 좋은 노인에 비해 나쁜 노인의 교차비가 1.72(95% CI: 1.43-2.08)이었고, 우울감은 없는 노인에 비해 있는 노인의 교차비가 1.23(95% CI: 1.05-1.43)이었다. 뇌졸중은 질병이 없는 노인에 비해 질병이 있는 노인의 교차비가 1.40(95% CI: 1.17-1.68)이었고, 골다공증은 질병이 없는 노인에 비해 질병이 있는 노인의 교차비가 1.45(95% CI: 1.26-1.66)이었다. 따라서 노인손상의 관련요인으로 확인된 수정가능한 위험요인을 고려한 손상예방 프로그램 개발이 필요하며, 이를 노인들에게 적극적으로 중재하여 손상의 위험을 낮출 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다. Objective: The objectives were to estimate the rate of the injury in the elderly over the past year and to identify factors related to injury in the elderly in South Korea. Method: Using data from the 2008 Community Health Survey, 43,049 elderly persons, aged 65 years and older, were selected as study subjects. Their experience of injury during the past year and other variables, including socio-demographic factors, health-related factors, and diagnosed chronic diseases, were used. The chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression analysis with weighted analysis were conducted and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Result: The rate of injury in the elderly during the past year was 5.1%. The most common types of the injury were falling/slipping down and traffic accidents. Factors related to injury in the elderly were living alone, current drinking, depression, poor self-rated health, stroke, and osteoporosis. Living alone (odds ratio 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05-1.45), current drinkers (OR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05-1.35), poor self-rated health (OR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.43-2.08), depression (OR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.17-1.68), and history of stroke (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.17-1.68), and history of osteoporosis (OR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.26-1.66) were related to an increased risk of injury. Conclusions: Intervention programs that consider the risk factors related to injury should be developed and implemented to decrease and prevent injuries in the elderly.

오존에 의한 수용액상 암모니아 산화시 오존농도가 미치는 영향

안재동,김용대,박문숙 서강전문대학 2001 산업과학연구 Vol.3 No.-

Aqueous solution with the dissolved ammonia is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, refrigerants, stabilizers and many household cleaning agents. The wide applications result in ammonia contamination in water. Ammonia can be removed from water by physical, biological, and chemical methods. Especially ozonation is effective in the treatment of water with low concentration of ammonia. Therefore, this study is undertaken to provide kinetic data for the ozonation of ammonia. The rate of reaction was proportional to the influent ozone concentration and the overall kinetics was applied as the first or second order. The reacted ammonia was converted completely to nitrate ion. The destruction rate of ammonia increased gradually with the influent ozone concentration.

오존에 의한 수용액상 암모니아 산화시 pH가 미치는 영향

안재동,김용대,박문숙 서강전문대학 2000 산업과학연구 Vol.2 No.-

Ammonia is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, refrigerants, stabilizers and many household cleaning agents. The wide applications result in ammonia contamination in water. Ammonia can be removed from water by physical, biological, and chemical methods. Especially ozonation is effective in the treatment of water with low concentration of ammonia. Therefore, this study is undertaken to provide kinetic data for the ozonation of ammonia at the high pH. The results were as follows: The oxidation rate of ammonia increased with pH, and the depletion rate of ammonia was first order with respect to pH. And the rate constant varied from 6.9 ?10^-4 to 62.2 ?10^-4 min^-1 as the pH increased from 7.1 to 12.1

국내산 천연 제올라이트에 의한 폐수중에 질소 제거 특성

안재동,김용대,박문숙 서강정보대학 1999 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

This study was conducted to examine the ion-exchange capacity and experimental basic parameter of ammonia-nitrogen by the domestic natural zeolite. The amount of NH₄^+ ion-exchanged by the domestic natural zeolite was affected by the particle size, the order was -40/+100 > -14/+20 -200/+325 -4/+8 mesh. The removal efficiency of NH₄^+ ion-exchanged decreased as the calcined temperature increased. The ion-exchange kinetics fitted from very well to the Freundlich isotherm, the amount of NH₄^+ ion-exchanged by the -40/+100mesh was higher than by the -200/+325mesh The effects of coexisting cations(Na^+, Ca^(2+)) on the ion-exchange by the domestic natural zeolite decreased the ion-exchange capacity and were found to be Na^+> Ca^(2+). The predominent ion exchanged with domestic natural zeolite was Na^+ and the extracted ion was Na^+> +K^+ > Ca^(2+) > Mg^(2+) > Al^(3+) in order of concentration.

시간과 행동 요인이 뇌경색의 발생에 미치는 영향

조정훈,허지회,김경한,이병인,박문숙 대한신경과학회 1997 대한신경과학회지 Vol.15 No.1