경추 부위 동태손상증후군의 진단·평가를 위한 설문 문항 개발

박문석,김현호,박영배,박영재,Park, Moonseok,Kim, Hyunho,Park, Young-Bae,Park, Young-Jae 대한한의진단학회 2016 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

Objectives The aim of this study is to develop diagnostic and assessable questionnaires for cervical movement system impairment syndromes. Methods We reviewed the previous study and literature, and organized various checkable items for differential diagnosis of four different cervical movement system impairment syndromes. Next, we selected items which can be developed as questionnaire items. Finally, we conducted a face validity study with twelve Korean medical doctors and carried out survey research to evaluate the importance score of the items with three experts. Results We developed a diagnostic and assessable questionnaire as follows: 9 items for cervical extension syndrome; 5 items for cervical flexion syndrome; 9 items for cervical rotation syndrome. By conducting 2 rounds of survey research, we were able to bridge the differences in the importance score of each item. Conclusions A questionnaire for the diagnosis and assessment of movement system impairment syndromes was developed. This questionnaire holds promising applications for objective diagnosis and assessment of cervical movement system impairment syndromes. This tool may also be used for detecting the sub-health status of musculoskeletal systems.

Incidence Patterns of Pediatric and Adolescent Orthopaedic Fractures According to Age Groups and Seasons in South Korea: A Population-Based Study

박문석,정진엽,최인호,김태원,성기혁,이승열,이상형,권대규,Jung Woo Park,김태균,Young Choi,조태준,유원준,이경민 대한정형외과학회 2013 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.5 No.3

Background: Fractures which need urgent or emergency treatment are common in children and adolescents. This study investigated the incidence patterns of pediatric and adolescent orthopaedic fractures according to age groups and seasons in South Korea based on population data. Methods: Data on the number of pediatric and adolescent patients under the age of 18 years who utilized medical services due to fractures were retrieved from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment service in South Korea. The data included four upper extremity and two lower extremity fractures according to four age groups (0–4 years, 5–9 years, 10–14 years, and 15–18 years). Incidences of the fractures were calculated as the incidence per 10,000 per year, and patterns according to age groups and seasons were demonstrated. Results: The annual incidence of clavicle, distal humerus, both forearm bone, distal radius, femoral shaft and tibial shaft fractures were 27.5, 34.6, 7.7, 80.1, 2.5, and 9.6 per 10,000 per year in children and adolescents, respectively. Clavicle and distal radius fractures showed significant seasonal variation for all age groups but femoral shaft fracture showed no significant seasonal variation for any of the age groups. Conclusions: The four upper extremity fractures tended to show greater variations than the two lower extremity fractures in the nationwide database in South Korea. The study results are believed to be helpful in the planning and assignment of medical resources for fracture management in children and adolescents.

인터넷에서의 길거리사진서비스와 사생활침해의 문제

박문석(Moon Seok Park) 유럽헌법학회 2008 유럽헌법연구 Vol.3 No.-

인터넷 포털사이트들은 인공위성과 차량에 장치된 고성능 디지털카메라 등으로 전세계 대도시의 풍경과 거리를 촬영한 고화질의 사진을 인터넷을 통해 서비스하고 있다. 대표적인 것으로 구글의 ‘Google Earth`와 ‘Google maps`의 ‘Street View’ 등을 들 수 있다. 이러한 길거리사진서비스에는 인터넷 이용자가 서비스된 사진을 자세하게 살펴볼 수 있는 줌인(zoom in)기능을 포함하고 있다. 줌인기능은 길거리 사진에의 공개되는 것을 원하지 않는 일반인 뿐만 아니라 성인업소를 출입하는 사람, 낙태를 반대하는 사람, 일광욕을 즐기는 사람, 공원에 시간을 보내는 사람, 얘들을 때리는 부모, 시위를 하는 노동자들의 모습을 매우 상세하게 보여줌으로 해서 이들의 사생활의 비밀과 자유(예를 들면 성인용품판매점을 들어가고 있는 또는 나오고 있는 일반인 등)의 침해를 가져오는 문제점이 발생하고 있다. 오늘날 정보수집장치와 감시장치로 인해 사적영역뿐만 아니라 공적 영역에서도 사생활의 보호가 필요하다. 왜냐하면 디지털 과학기술과 IT산업의 발전으로 과거에 비해 너무나 쉽게 사생활을 침해할 수 있기 때문이다. 따라서 길거리도 사생활의 보호영역에 포함되어야 하며, 그 보호영역의 확대가 필요하게 되었다. 따라서 길거리사진서비스가 일반인의 사생활의 침해를 의도하지 않았지만 사진에 있는 일반인의 행위와 주변의 상황을 담고 있는 정보 등을 종합하여 볼 때 특히, 개인의 인격존중과 자율성과 밀접한 관련이 있는 정보라고 판단된다면 길거리라는 공적영역도 사생활의 보호영역에 포함되어 사적영역과 같은 보호가 요구된다. Internet portal sites such as Google, Naver displays big city street photos that were previously taken by a high-pixel digtal camera mounted on an automobile or an artificial satellite. The most typical service is Google Street View. Google Street View is a feature of Google Maps and Google Earth that provides 360° panoramic street-level views and allows users to view very detailed streets of selected cities by a skill to zoom in photos. The skill to zoom in photos displays men leaving strip clubs, protesters at an abortion clinic, sunbathers in bikinis, cottagers at public parks, parents hitting their children, workers picketing, as well as people engaging in activities visible from public spaces in which they do not wish to be seen publicly. This Google Street View makes them on the photos problem in the privacy. With the advent of Digital technology age and the development of IT industry, It is important that people have the right of privacy in the public spaces as well as in the private spaces. Because of the ease with which invasion can occur via information gathering devices such as a high-pixel digtal camera and video surveillance equipment in the public spaces. This paper focuses on the need to expansion the right of privacy in the public spaces. Specially If the intimate datum of people in unsolicited photos be comprised in the personality and autonomy of them, They have the reasonable expectation of privacy in the public spaces. People in the public spaces such as street, park, shopping mall need to protect from the threaten to invaded one`s privacy covertly in photos for the purpose of public display as well as in the private spaces

열차유형에 따른 판형교의 정적거동에 대한 연구

박문석(Moonsuk Park),오지택(Ji-Taek Oh),최진유(Jin-You Choi) 한국철도학회 2001 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

Static behaviors of railway plate girder bridges designed by the L-22, a standard load type of the railway specification in Korea, are evaluated by widely eight load cases. The load cases are three real loads, which contain three locomotive types of Saemaul PMC. diesel, and Korea Train Express(KTX), and three design loads, L-22, L-18. and HL-25 loads, in railway specification. Plate girders for analysis have the length of spans of six types : 6m, gm, 12m, 22m, 24m, and 30m. For analysis SAP2000n, a commercial FEM tool, is used. Dominant axial load types are taken from these results that are maximum deflections, reaction forces, and absolute maximum bending moment in girders.

중국 사회보험법의 내용과 문제점에 관한 검토

박문석 ( Moon Seok Park ),손한기 ( Han Ki Son ) 영남대학교 법학연구소 2011 영남법학 Vol.0 No.33

After referred to the Standing Committee of the National People`s Congress, the draft of Social Insurance Law was reviewed four times and revised five times. It is finally in force on the 1st of July, 2011. Social Insurance Law is the first comprehensive basic legislation on social insurance. It provides the principles of social insurance and the application scope the implementation of the law, and the subjects this legislation monitors. The significance of this legislation is integrating the previous legislations and regulations through enacting this one; and it is the first practice the supreme legislation of China to institutionalizing the social insurance. This legislation provides Chinese citizens shall enjoy the endowment insurance and medical insurance without the geographical limitation; foreign labors shall enjoy social insurance in China after perform the duty to join in the social insurance. All of these are the characteristics. However, the Social Insurance Law still has lots of problems, such as the lack of fairness, the responsibility is not clear, problems on supervision and implementation. Those problems need to be fixed by improving the legislation.

전자상거래에서의 소비자개인정보통제권에 관한 연구

박문석(Moon-seok park),이우석(Woo-sug Lee) 한국인터넷전자상거래학회 2008 인터넷전자상거래연구 Vol.8 No.3

As a rapidly E-Commerce market increased, Consumer choice and power is enhanced but simultaneously consumer privacy is threatened. A series of massive cases of consumer information leaks as Internet shopping mall Auction case in February 2008 and Hanaro Telecom case in April 2008 have raised awareness about consumer information protection and online data security systems. Consumer information leaks will lead to decrease E-com￢merce in Internet and will make the contraction of E-Commerce market after all. We cannot overemphasize the importance of consumer information protection and data security for liveliness of E-Commerce. Therefore Consumer information should be protected by enacting consumer information protection laws and industry self-regulation and consumer oneself. The consumer right to control the circulation of information relation to oneself is very importance in connection with consumer information protection in particular. This paper aims at suggesting the conception and details, limitation of the right to consumer information self-determination at E -Commerce.

논문 : 자유주제(自由主題) ; 사이버 모욕죄의 신설에 대한 비판적 고찰

박문석 ( Moon Seok Park ) 경성대학교 법학연구소 2008 경성법학 Vol.17 No.2

유럽연합 기본권청의 역할과 한계

박문석 ( Park Moon-seok ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구소 2017 국제법무 Vol.9 No.1

이 논문은 EU에서의 기본권(Fundamental Rights)의 의미를 분석하고 EU의 기본권 보호를 위한 전문행정기관인 EU기본권청의 목적과 역할 및 성과와 한계에 관하여 논하고자 한다. EU기본권헌장의 제정 및 EU기본권청의 설립 이전까지 EU에서는 국제법에서 널리 통용되는 `인권(Human Rights)` 또는 `기본적 자유(Fundamental freedoms)`라는 단어를 제조약과 판례 등에서 사용하여 왔다. 하지만 2000년 12월 7일EU기본권헌장이 공포된 이후부터 EU는 `인권` 또는 `기본적 자유`를 `기본권(Fundamental Rights)`으로 통일하여 사용하고 있다. 이처럼 EU가 `인권`이라는 용어대신에 사용하는 `기본권`은 EU가 하나의 유럽으로서 국가임을 확인하고, EU기본권헌장의 헌법적 의미를 표현하기 위한 EU의 전략적인 용어의 선택이었다. 다만 EU기본권헌장, 유럽인권협약, 유럽사회헌장 및 국제인권규범의 내용들이 유사하다는 점과 EU기본권청 설립시 제기된 명칭관련논의 등을 고려해 볼 때 EU에서 `기본권`은 `인권`과 동등한 의미를 가지는 것으로 보아야 할 것이다. 2007년 설립되어 올해 10주년을 맞이한 EU기본권청은 EU법의 시행과 정책수립 및 정책실행을 지원하기 위해 EU의 기관, 조직, 관청과 회원국에게 기본권과 관련한 조언 및 전문지식을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이러한 EU기본권청의 역할은 기본권 보호에 관한 정보와 자료의 수집 및 분석과 보급, 과학적 연구 및 조사, EU기본권청의 활동에 관한 연례보고서 등의 발간, EU기본권청의 업무를 실질적으로 전파하기 위한 시민사회와의 네트워크구축 및 관리 등의 임무를 담당하여 지금까지 다음과 같은 성과를 내고 있다. 첫째, EU기본권청이 기본권에 관한 조언과 전문지식을 EU기관과 회원국에 조언 및 전문지식을 지원함으로서 기본권 정책에 있어서 우선순위의 결정과 EU에서의 기본권의 발전에 이바지 하였으며, 둘째, EU기본권청은 기본권에 관한 정보의 보급과 협업을 통한 네트워크의 구축·관리를 통해 EU에서 기본권에 관한 의식을 증진시켰으며, 셋째, EU에서 전문적이고 과학적인 조사와 연구를 통해 기본권의 보호와 확장에 기여하였다는 점을 들 수 있다. 하지만 지난 10년의 기간 동안 EU기본권청이 이룩한 기본권보호를 위한 일련의 성과에도 불구하고 EU기본권청은 공권력 또는 준사법권을 가지 못함으로 인한 태생적 한계는 여전히 남아있다. 앞으로도 EU기본권청의 기본권에 관한 전문행정기구로서의 활동은 EU설립의 목적인 인권존중의 가치가 실현될 수 있도록 EU기본권헌장과 유럽인권협약 등에서 제시하고 있는 기본권에 관한 이해와 지식을 증진시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. This paper focuses on the meaning of Fundamental Rights in the EU and studies the purpose, role and limitations of the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights that is a specialized administrative body for protection of fundamental rights of EU. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights use the term `fundamental rights` to ensure that EU is one country and to emphasize that the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union has the status of the Bill of Rights. In the EU, however, the meaning of the `fundamental rights` is the same as that of `human rights`. The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights provides advices and expertises on fundamental rights to the EU institutions, organizations, authorities and Member States in order to support the implementation of the EU law and EU policy development. However, in spite of achievements for the protection of fundamental rights, the role the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights remains inherently limited due to its lack of public power and jurisdiction. The role of the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights as a specialized administrative body on the fundamental rights will be expand understanding the fundamental rights on the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, so that it allows to realize the value of respect for the human rights.

인권의 헌법적 보장과 한계 -헌법에 열거되지 아니한 기본권의 성립요건과 관련하여-

박문석 ( Moon Seok Park ) 영남대학교 법학연구소 2014 영남법학 Vol.0 No.38

헌법상 보장된 권리인 기본권과 인권은 반드시 일치하지 않지만, 기본권과 인권은 긴밀한 연관성을 가진다. 인권을 헌법으로 보장하는 이유는 헌법의 정당성보장, 불명확하고 비강제성을 가지는 인권의 실효적보장, 기본권의 범위확장, 인권과 관련한 헌법문제의 탄력적 해결을 기대할 수 있기 때문이다. 우리헌법에서 인권을 전제하고 있는 헌법 규정들은 헌법전문과 헌법 제10조 그리고 헌법 제37조 제1항에서 찾을 수 있을 것이다. 특히 헌법 제 37조 제1항은 인권이 구체성과 필요성 및 독립성을 갖추게 되면 기본권으로서의 확장을 가능케 하는 기본권 창설적 규정으로 인권의 기본권화와 관련하여 중요한 의의를 가진다. 헌법 제37조 제1항과 관련하여 헌법재판소의 2007년 전시증원연습 등 위헌확인사건은 주목할 만한 결정이다. 왜냐하면 이 사건에서 헌법재판소는 헌법상 열거되지 아니한 기본권의 성립요건을 구체적으로 제시하고 있기 때문이다. 헌법재판소가 제시하고 있는 헌법에 열거되지 아니하는 기본권의 성립요건을 분설하면 첫째, 인간의 존엄과 가치의 실현, 둘째, 새로운 기본권으로서의 특별한 필요성과 독립성 인정 여부, 셋째, 권리내용(보호영역)의 명확성여부, 넷째, 헌법상 보장되는 기본권의 실체인 구체적 권리성의 충족여부를 제시하고 있다. 비록 이 사건에서 헌법재판소는 평화란 헌법의 이념 내지 목적으로서 추상적인 개념에 지나지 아니하고, 구체적 권리로서 실체성을 갖지 못해 국가에 대하여 침략 전쟁에 강제되지 않고 평화적 생존을 누릴 수 있도록 요청할 수 있는 효력을 지닌 기본적 권리는 한계를 맞이하고 있다고 판시였지만, 헌법재판관들의 별개의견에서 평화적 생존권은 기본권으로서 가능성을 확인하게 되었다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다. Fundamental rights guaranteed by the constitution and human rights does not necessarily coincide with each other but they are associated closely. The reason why human rights are ensured by the constitution, We expect that human rights can assure justification of the constitution and they are not clear and compulsory but they can guarantee their effectiveness by stipulating in the constitution and enlarge scope of protection of fundamental rights. Lastly, they can solve constitutional problem associated with human rights. The Article 37 (1) of the Constitution prescribes that freedoms and rights of citizens shall not be neglected on the grounds that they are not enumerated in the Constitution. Hereby, the Constitution promulgates that, with respect to constitutionally protected rights, the Constitution shall protect the fundamental rights even if they are not enumerated in the Constitution. Related to Article 37 (1) of the Constitution, The Wartime Reinforcement Military Practice of 2007[21-2(B) KCCR 769, 2007Hun-Ma369, May 28, 2009] of the Constitution Court was a noticeable constitutional decision. Because this case presented conditions to guaranteed fundamental rights of not enumerated rights which is Human rights in the constitution. In order to acknowledge a fundamental right not enumerated in the Constitution, first, the constitutional court should find the special need for the right. Additionally, the scope of protection of the right should be relatively clear so that the right retain the power to demand concrete substance from the subjected person or entity. Finally, it should be the concrete right which legal resort can be sought through court proceeding. In this Case, Despite pacifism as asserted by complainants as the right to peaceful livelihood is the goal and spirit of the Constitution, it does not directly create fundamental right to peaceful livelihood. And therefore nothing is more absolute than concept. Not enumerated in the Constitution as the Fundamental right, the right to peaceful livelihood does not meet the reality as concrete right and therefore it cannot be acknowledged as a new right. So it is not the right guaranteed by the Constitution. But Concurring Opinion of Justices in this case has a signification in terms of suggesting possibility that the right to peaceful livelihood is guaranteed by the constitution.

사생활의 비밀과 자유의 보호영역에 관한 연구

박인수(Park, In Soo),박문석(Park, Moon Seok) 한국토지공법학회 2008 土地公法硏究 Vol.42 No.-

This paper is to the Zone of Protecting the Freedom of Privacy in Article 17 “The privacy of no citizen shall be infringed.” of Constitution of the Republic of Korea. The Reserch method is the analysis of Constitutional Court of Korean's decision on privacy invasion by mandatory seatbelt requirement in 2003. The background of case is the provision 48 of the Road Traffic Act obligates drivers of vehicles to wear seatbelts while driving and the provision 118 of the Road Traffic Act provides for a notification procedure for the payment of administrative fine for violations above provision 48. The complainant was cited by a police officer and notified to pay administrative fine in the amount of 30,000 won while driving without wearing a seatbelt. The complaint thereupon filed a constitutional complaint in this case on the ground that the provision 48 and 118 of the Road Traffic Act infringe upon the general freedom to act, the freedom of privacy, and the freedom of conscience of the complainant. The Constitutional Court, in a unanimous opinion, held that the provisions at issue in this case are not unconstitutional. (1) General freedom to act includes the freedom to conduct all actions and inactions and does not merely protect conduct that has value. Therefore, in the scope of its protection, a right to live in a rather dangerous way is also included, and the right not to wear seatbelts falls within the scope of protection of general freedom to act that sterms from the right to pursue happiness guraranteed in Article 10 of the Constitution. Mandating a seatbelt requirement is to protect the mutual interests of the social community by preventing and removing the danger and the hidrance to the life and bodily safety of citizens that may be caused by traffic accidents, by reducing the social cost incurred by the traffic accident and by maintaining traffic orders. Then, the provisions at issue in this case do not excessively infringe upon the compalinant's general freedom to act in violation of the principle of proportionality. (2) The road utilized for general traffic falls into the realm where the national and local governments are responsible for management threof, and such realm is interrelated to the legal interests of numerous other drivers and pederstrians or the community interests. Thus, the act of driving a vehicle thereon is no longer a conduct that occurs in a personal and intimate arena. Therefore, as the question of wearing a seatbelt behind the wheel while driving is no longer a question belong to the zone of privacy, the provisoin at issue in this case do not infringe upon and the freedom of proiavcy of the complainant. (3) Conscience that is protected by the Constituion is a strong and sincere voice of one's mind without acting according to which one's existential value of personality would collapse and is not a vague and absract concept. Therefore, wearing a seatbelt in order to avoid a sanction while driving does not belong to the area protected by the freedom of conscience This paper concentrates on the provision 48 and 118 of the Road Traffic Act infringe upon the freedom of privacy. As the standard of judgement on the Zone of Protecting the Freedom of Privacy, First, a conduct that occurs in a personal and intimate arena. Second, the basic conditions for privacy concerning overall personality and survival of such individual. Third, to the core area for self-determination or the essence of personality. Therefore, as the question of wearing a seatbelt behind the wheel while driving is no longer a question belonging to the zone of privacy, the above provisions of the Road Traffic Act at issue in this case do not infringe upon and the freedom of privacy of the complainant.