경주국립공원 문화재지정구역의 귀화식물 현황 및 관리방안

윤정원 ( Jung Won Yoon ),신현탁 ( Hyun Tak Shin ),이명훈 ( Myung Hoon Yi ),김기송 ( Gi Song Kim ),성정원 ( Jung Won Sung ),박기환 ( Ki Hwan Park ),이창현 ( Chang Hyun Lee ),김용식 ( Yong Shik Kim ) 한국환경생태학회 2012 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.26 No.4

경주국립공원 문화재지정구역에 분포하는 귀화식물은 총 14과 40속 45종 1변종 등 총 46분류군을 확인하였다. 귀화식물을 유형별로 구별해보면, 생활형은 1년생 초본이 17분류군(37%)으로 가장 많았으며, 다년생 초본이 16분류군 (34.8%), 2년생 초본이 11분류군(23.9%), 목본이 2분류군(4.3%)로 나타났다. 원산지 별로는 유럽이 17분류군(37%)으로 가장 많았으며, 그 다음으로 북아메리카에서 이입된 종이 16분류군(34.8%)으로 나타났다. 또한 귀화도는 3등급이 18분류군(40.9%)으로 가장 높다. 귀화식물 321분류군에 대한 본 연구대상지의 도시화 지수는 14.3%이며, 지구별 도시화 지수는 남산지구가 8.1%로 가장 높다. 경주국립공원은 사적형 공원으로 문화재가 매우 중요하나, 문화재 주변의식재 및 관리 또한 중요하다. 따라서 귀화식물의 경우 장기적인 모니터링과 생태적인 특성을 파악하여 체계적인 관리방안이 요구된다. The naturalized plant species in Gyeongju National Park was summarized as 46taxa including 14 families 40 genus 45 species 1 varieties. Among them, annual herbaceous species was 17taxa (37%) which is grouped as the biggest proportion and 16taxa (34.8%) for perennial herbaceous species and 11taxa (23.9%) for biannual herbaceous species and 2taxa (4.3%) for tree species. European origin was the biggest proportion as 17taxa (37%), and 16% (34.8%) from North America. The degree of naturalization (DoN) was the biggest for Degree III, V as 18taxa (39.1%). Regarding 321 naturalized plant species, the Urbanization Index in the studied area was 14.3%. The Namsam District showed 8.1% which is the highest DoN in the studied districts within the Gyeongju National Park. As the cultural properties is important in the Gyeongju National Park as a representatives for historical sites in Korea, planting and its management in the cultural properties is important tasks. The naturalized plant species in the studied area should be reasonably management.

역해석을 이용한 콘크리트라이닝 지반 이완하중 산정방법 연구

박기환,신영완,김정주,유한규,Park, Ki Hwan,Shin, Young Wan,Kim, Jung Joo,Yoo, Han Kyu 대한토목학회 2013 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.33 No.5

터널 콘크리트라이닝 설계 시 적용되는 지반 이완하중은 정립된 설계기준이 없는 상태이다. 또한, 경험적인 지반 이완하중을 산정하여 설계에 적용함으로써 다소 보수적인 설계가 이루어지고 있는 것으로 일반적으로 인식되고 있다. 기존의 지반 이완하중 산정방법은 각각 다양한 문제점을 내재하고 있고, 수치해석에 의한 지반 이완하중 산정방법은 복잡하며 실제 지반 이완하중과의 비교검증이 이루어지지 않은 문제점이 있다. 따라서, 실제 터널현장의 거동을 반영할 수 있는 합리적인 지반 이완하중 산정방법에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 터널 시공현장에서 측정된 계측자료의 천단침하를 고려한 역해석을 통하여 지반 이완하중을 산정하는 방법을 제안하였다. 기존 지반 이완하중 산정방법보다 다소 작은 지반 이완하중이 산정되었다. Design criteria for rock load on tunnel concrete lining has not been established yet. Generally rock load on tunnel concrete lining is empirically estimated, which leads to a conservative design. Ordinary estimation method of rock load includes various problems. Estimating by numerical analysis is very complicated and has not been verified with field measurements. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study on practical method of estimating rock load which is more accurate to the real rock load on tunnel concrete lining. This study, presents estimation method of rock load on tunnel concrete lining. Crown settlement of the tunnel construction site has been measured and it was been back analyzed to estimate the rock load. The rock load was estimated to be smaller compare to the ordinary estimation method.

경주국립공원의 관속식물상

윤정원 ( Jung Won Yoon ),김용식 ( Yong Shik Kim ),신현탁 ( Hyun Tak Shin ),김기송 ( Gi Song Kim ),성정원 ( Jung Won Sung ),이창현 ( Chang Hyeon Lee ),박기환 ( Ki Hwan Park ),이명훈 ( Myung Hoon Yi ) 한국환경생태학회 2013 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.27 No.2

본 연구는 경주국립공원(남산, 토함산, 단석산)의 관속식물상을 밝히고 주요 식물들의 분포를 조사하였다. 2011년 7월부터 2012년 5월까지 총 7회 조사하였다. 조사결과 관속식물은 96과 284속 385속 4아종 41변종 6품종으로 총 436분류군을 확인하였다. 그 중 산림청 지정 희귀식물은 7분류군, 특산식물은 13분류군이다. 식물구계학적 특정식물은 41분류군으로 Ⅴ등급 1분류군, Ⅳ등급 3분류군, Ⅲ등급 9분류군, Ⅱ등급 4분류군,Ⅰ등급 24분류군이다. 한편 귀화식물은 29분류군으로 확인하였으며, 귀화율은 6.65%, 도시화지수는 9.03%이다. 조사된 436분류군의 유용도는 목초용 자원식물이 182분류군(41.7%), 식용 176분류군(40.4%), 약용 147분류군(33.7%), 관상용 52분류군(11.9%), 목재용 18분류군(4.1%), 염료용 16분류군(3.7%), 섬유용 8분류군(1.8%), 공업용 자원식물이 1분류군(0.2%) 그리고 용도가 밝혀지지 않은 식물이 79분류군(18.1%)으로 나타났다. This study was carried out to investigate the vascular flora of Mt. Nam, Mt. Toham, and Mt. Danseok in Gyeongju National Park . The vascular plants were surveyed for 7 times from July 2011 to May 2012. The results were summarized as 436 taxa, 96families, 284 genera, 385 species, 4 subspecies, 41 varieties, and 6 forms. The 13 taxa were categorized as Korean endemic plants species and the other 7 taxa as rare plants species, which categorized by the Korea Forest Service. Based on the Floristic Degrees categorized by the Specific Distribution of Plants Species, one taxa grouped as the Floristic Degree Ⅴ, 3 for Floristic Degree Ⅳ, and 9 for Floristic Degree Ⅲ, 4 for Floristic Degree Ⅱ, and 24 taxa for Floristic Degree I. The naturalized plants were recorded as 29 taxa, and their Naturalization Ratio and Urbanization Index were recorded as 6.65%, and 9.03%, respectively. 436 taxa listed consists of 182 taxa(41.7%) of pasturing plant, 176 taxa(40.4%) of edible plants, 147 taxa(33.7%) of medicinal plants, 52 taxa(11.9%) of ornamental plants, 18 taxa(4.1%) of timber plants, 16 taxa(3.7%) of stain plants, 8 taxa(1.8%) of fiber plants, 1 taxa(0.2%) of industrial plants and 79 taxa(18.1%) of unknown plants.

일본 소비자의 백합 선호도 분석과 수출확대 방안

박기환 ( Ki Hwan Park ),권회민 ( Hoe Min Kwon ) 한국식품유통학회 2011 食品流通硏究 Vol.28 No.2

This study identified the import and export market structure of lilies in Japan and the competitiveness of Korean lilies in the Japanese market. The Japanese consumers` preference for lilies was also analyzed through a conjoint analysis and suggestions were made as to how to expand Korea`s export of lilies to the Japanese market. The Japanese market for imported lilies in the early 2000s had a market structure where lilies from Korea, the Netherlands, and New Zealand had to compete, but by 2010, the market structure changed drastically and Korean lilies secured a monopolistic position as Korean lily exports surged to hold a 95% market share. However, there is this problem of Korean lilies being recognized as a cheap product due to overcompetition among Korean exporters and their inadequate response to buyers` requests. A conjoint analysis has shown that the most important factor in the decision making of Japanese consumers to buy lilies is price, followed by color, package type, and size of flower(in that order). Specifically, they prefer lowest price, the color white, separate packaging for each flower, and large size of the flower. It was also shown that there is utility difference between subdivided markets and that large-sized white lilies with each flower packaged separately are predicted to hold the highest market share. Based on the results obtained in the study, the following strategies are suggested to expand Korea`s export of lilies to Japan. First, it is necessary to conduct buyer surveys continuously and develop tailored products. Second, since there are various types of buyers, it is necessary to secure new marketing channels. Third, it is necessary to improve the competitiveness by improving cultivation techniques and bulb breeding. Fourth, efforts should be made to increase the export under optimal conditions by building a joint distribution center for the export of lilies.

종자산업의 동향과 국내 종자기업 육성 방안

박기환(Ki-Hwan Park),박현태(Hyun-Tae Park),정정길(Chung-Gil Chung),유일웅,신종수 한국농촌경제연구원 2010 한국농촌경제연구원 정책연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

The seed industry is evolving to become an industry where technologies of advanced bioscience, such as medicine and materials industry, can be utilized. Developed countries are increasing their support for the seed industry, and global seed companies are actively consolidating and expanding their business through mergers and acquisitions, investing heavily in R&D to secure original technologies. However, despite such changes in the external environment of the world seed industry, the market size of the domestic seed industry has remained flat even after the M&As by global seed companies. Moreover, as domestic seed companies are petty in scale, their global competitiveness remains weak. Under this background, this research was carried out to present ways of developing the domestic seed industry and seed companies by finding out the industry"s problems and reviewing the developments surrounding leading seed producers in developed countries. Seed sovereignty is expected to increase through the securement of genetic resources, and globally leading seed producers are expected to make progress in consolidating and expanding their business. Therefore, the development of the Korean seed industry should be sought in such a way that would allow it to respond to such trends. In other words, the direction of the domestic seed industry’s development should be set on achieving the following goals: ① integration and convergence with other industries, ② promoting the industry as a promising future industry through export growth, and ③ fostering of globally-competitive, seed-specializing companies. Revitalization of domestic seed companies is especially important since it is possible to improve the industry"s global competitiveness by fostering private companies. In order to foster domestic seed developers, the following measures need to be taken: first, expand the seed market by transferring the control of staple crops to the private sector; second, raise the private sector"s capability by utilizing individual seed developers and fostering human resources; third, build a domestic base for seed production and expand support; fourth, induce seed companies to achieve economy of scale by stimulating export; and fifth, increase protection of seed developers by making the seed variety protection system effective. In developed countries, it may be possible that government role or support does not have significant effect on seed companies. However, in the case of Korea where the seed industry is immature, the industry cannot grow without adequate support from the government. Therefore, the current government measures to foster the seed industry have to be carried out without hindrance, and improvements should be made in consultation with related entities.

화훼 수출 동향과 확대 전략

박기환(Ki-Hwan Park) 한국원예학회 2015 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2015 No.5

무기질비료산업의 동향과 발전 방안

박기환(Ki-Hwan Park),이동필 한국농촌경제연구원 2012 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

Background of Research Fertilizer is a product of the agro-materials industry which has played a considerable role in the accomplishment of food self-sufficiency. Recently, however, the fertilizer industry is showing a significant decrease in consumption due to the shrinking of agriculture, expansion of cultivation area for eco-friendly agricultural products, and the government policy to reduce fertilizer consumption. As a result, the enterprise operation ratio of the industry is also decreasing. Method of Research The objective of improving the inorganic fertilizer supply system which was set based on the identified supply situation and pending issues can be further divided into stable supply of inorganic fertilizer and establishment of fair trade, and the concrete improvement plan under the objective is as follows. Research Results and Implications First, it is desirable to reduce the kind of inorganic fertilizers subject to competitive bid in order to guarantee a part of user option and to exclude a part of incidental costs at the time of calculating the unit price subject to bid. Second, for the preparation of stable procurement plan for raw materials for of fertilizer, it is necessary to prepare systematic and comprehensive measures such as reinforced information compilation, diversification of countries for import and the appropriation of budget for overseas market survey. Third, programs such as loss indemnification anticipation system and 2-years disqualification of collusion companies for bid should be strictly applied, while specifying the pertinent items in the Fertilizer Administration Act in case unfair trade is not eradicated even after strict applications. Fourth, the participants to bid are requested not to venture the bidding below a reserve price at the time of bidding on voluntary basis and to consider self-restructuring. And also the expansion of demand should be planned through the development of export market while elaborating the development of slow-acting fertilizer or functional fertilizer. Fifth, for the mitigation of farmers" burden of management cost and the increase of the portion of customized fertilizer supply, it is also necessary to consider the establishment of "fertilizer raw material stable security committee (provisional name)" at pan-government level.

육묘산업의 실태와 발전 방안

박기환(Ki-Hwan Park),박현태(Hyun-Tae Park),한혜성(Hye-Sung Han),이동필 한국농촌경제연구원 2011 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

Raising seedlings is the precondition of agricultural production, and it is so important that it is no exaggeration to say the success of agricultural production depends on it. The seedling industry is also the base industry of agricultural production since it can induce division of labor and specialization. As the number of farmers who use a seedling farm has been increasing in recent years, the size of land for raising seedlings was significantly expanded from 20 ha in 1997 to 159 ha in 2010, and it is anticipated that the size will increase further in the future. Accordingly, it is necessary to identify the industry trends, analyze the current state of the seedling industry, and present a strategy to develop the industry. In order to identify the state of seed supply at seedling farms, 17 seed companies, which are members of Korean Seed Association, were surveyed. As for the state of production and sale of seedlings, 70 seedling suppliers were surveyed. The results of a survey of 740 farmers were analyzed to identify the state of seedling usage, and 51 experts who are members of the seedling research club "Plugseedling" were surveyed to identify the technology level of the seedling culture and make a priority list for policy support. To examine the management efficiency of seedling companies, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used, and the Delphi method was used to examine the level of seedling technology. As for the method of drawing up the policy priority list, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used. In order to address the problems that were found in the examination of the current state of the seedling industry, an advanced system of raising seedlings has to be established to supply high-quality, superior seedlings and stabilize agricultural production. The detailed development strategies to achieve this goal are as follows: First, as the technology level of raising seedlings lags behind advanced countries in many aspects, individual effort by the seedling companies is required. Also, it is necessary to make a precise diagnose of the current technology level with the assistance of academic researchers and develop technologies suitable for the seedling environment of each seedling farm. The education and distribution of the seedling technologies should then be carried out through a system. Second, it is necessary to increase R&D investment for seed breeding companies to develop superior breeds and link it with active support policies of the government. Also, it is necessary to seek higher efficiency of seedling production by developing advanced seedling materials and automation technology. Third, it is important to improve the management efficiency of seedling companies through professional manpower, automation facilities, and energy-saving facilities and promote seedling export to secure the new demand created by increased urban agriculture. Fourth, creation of infrastructure for each phase of seedling production, as well as active government support, is essential for the seedling industry"s development. Also, it will be necessary to establish a system that can solve seedling-related disputes and prepare systematic means, such as a seedling supplier registration system, to supply uniform seedlings and protect and foster the seedling industry.

내 꿈을 위한 첫걸음

박기환(Ki-Hwan Park) 대한토목학회 2009 대한토목학회지 Vol.57 No.7

논 문 : 유치권이 방치건축물의 정비에 미치는 영향

박기환 ( Ki Hwan Park ),장희순 ( Hee Soon Jang ) 한국감정평가학회 2013 감정평가학논집 Vol.12 No.1

방치건축물을 정비하기 위한 방안으로 허위·과장 유치권의 사법적 해결방안, 진정 유치권의 간이 해결방안, 장기간 방치시 행정적 해결방안 등이다. 우선, 허위·과장 유치권의 사법적 해결은 민사법적으로는 유치권 부존재확인의 소, 유치물 인도명령 신청, 유치물 인도청구의 소가 있고, 형사법은 경매 방해죄 등의 범죄가 성립할 수 있으므로 수사기관에 고소나 고발을 하여 처벌함으로써 간접적으로 유치권 행사를 중단시키는 방안이 있다. 한편, 민사집행법적으로는 경매절차상의 문제점 해결을 위해 실질적 현황조사를 실시하고, 유치권 신고를 의무화하며, 유치권 신고시 공탁금 제도의 도입을 주장하였다. 그리고, ``진정 유치권의 간이 해결방안``으로는 유치권확인 간이소송제도의 도입을 적극 검토하고, 공사중단 건축물의 ``장기간 방치시 행정적 해결방안은 완공을 보증하기 위해 건축주로 하여금 보증금을 예치하도록 하는 ``이행보증금 제도``의 도입과 ``건축허가의 요건을 강화``, 공사가 중단된 채 장기간 방치되는 경우에는 일정한 요건 하에 의무적으로 그 ``건축허가를 취소``하고 더 나아가 그 ``방치건축물의 철거``가 가능하도록 제도를 정비해야 함을 주장하였다. This paper studies the concept of left buildings and a relationship with a lien. Also, this paper analyzes the cause and the reality of left buildings, the defects of a system or law when maintaining them, and then discover the systematic solutions. First, one is to examine the judical settlement of a false and exaggerated lien. Among these settlements, there are affirmation of the non-existence of a lien, application for order to deliver retained article, claim for delivery of retained article as civil affairs. On the other hand, as criminal affairs, punishing through accusation to the investigative agency could be a way to suspend the exertion of a lien indirectly, because obstruction of auction, fraud and so on can be build. Also, I proposed remedies to solve the problems of the auction procedure related to a false and exaggerated lien, investigating a current situation in substance, requiring the declaration of a lien, and adopting the deposit system when declaring a lien. Second, the easy solutions of a real lien are to introduce ``simple suit system for verification of a lien`` that can handle verification of a lien quickly and easily, to promote continuing construction rapidly by solving the problem of a lien through juridical regulating system, and to actively use the administrative regulating system through dispute mediation committee of a building. Third, I have studied executive solutions when construction-suspended buildings were deserted for a long time. First of all, ``deposit system`` that forces an owner to make a deposit should be introduced in order to guarantee the completion of construction. Also, permission for construction should have stricter regulations so as to prevent construction from being suspended. If a construction is suspended for a long while, the permission should be cancelled and moreover, deserted buildings should be removed. Although some systematic solutions to maintain left buildings due to suspension of construction are suggested in this study, there is still a lot that need to be researched. As everybody admits that left buildings should be dealt with quickly and efficiently, we should make an earnest effort to study solutions to the problem.