국립공원 내 공중화장실에 대한 탐방객 인식에 관한 연구 : 지리산국립공원을 중심으로

이호(Ho Lee),이승록(Seung-Rok Lee),박기현(Ki-Hyun Park),박은희(Eun-Hee Park),차진열(Jin-Yeol Cha),심규원(Kyu-Won Sim),강동원(Dong-Won Gang) 국립공원연구원 2011 국립공원연구지 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구는 공원 내 공중화장실에 대한 탐방객의 인식이 만족도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 수행하였다. 현지 설문조사는 지리산국립공원의 성삼재와 중산리 일원을 방문한 탐방객 292명을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 분석결과, 공중화장실의 관리상태, 외관, 디자인 요인 모두 탐방객의 공중화장실 이용 만족에 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었으며, 그 중 관리상태가 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 탐방객의 인식과 만족을 향상시키기 위해서는 공중화장실의 청결한 관리 및 유지, 악취 방지, 소모품의 원활한 공급 등에 우선순위를 두어 집중적으로 관리할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다. This study conducts to investigate the relationship between visitors’ perception and satisfaction. Data of 292 visitors were collected from Seongsamjae and Jungsanri in Jirisan National Park. The results showed that maintenance, outlook and design of public toilet are positively related to visitors’ satisfaction. One of the major research findings is that the maintenance of public toilet most affects visitors’ satisfaction. Therefore, the park managers need to put great emphasis on the cleanliness and maintenance, preventing stinks, consumable supplies of public toilet in order to enhance visitors’ perception and satisfaction.

피츠버그 수면척도를 이용한 사상체질별 수면 비교

박기현,정경식,김상혁,Park, Ki-Hyun,Jeong, Kyoungsik,Kim, Sang-Hyuk 사상체질의학회 2021 사상체질의학회지 Vol.33 No.1

Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify differences in sleep by Sasang constitutional type using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI). Methods The subjects of this study were 3,578 people who had information on Sasang constitutional type and PSQI among the data established at the Korean Medicine Data Center. We compared each item score in PSQI (subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleep medication, daytime dysfunction) and PSQI global scores by Sasang constitutional type using analysis of variance. Logistic regression was conducted to calculate the odds ratio of poor sleep by Sasang constitutional type. Results & Conclusions The SE type showed statistically significantly higher scores than the TE type and SY type in subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, and PSQI global score, indicating poor sleep compared to other constitutional types. The odds ratio for poor sleep also shows that even after adjusting sex, age, height, and weight, the SE type was significantly higher than other constitutional types, indicating that the SE type could be a risk factor for poor sleep.

New study - 에너지공급자효율향상 의무화제도(EERS) 도입 방안

박기현,Park, Gi-Hyeon 에너지절약전문기업협회 2012 esco Vol.79 No.-

최근 10년간(2000-2009) 사상체질의학회지 게재논문의 통계분석방법에 대한 연구

박기현,김상혁,김홍기,이시우,Park, Ki-Hyun,Kim, Sang-Hyuk,Kim, Hong-Gie,Lee, Si-Woo 사상체질의학회 2010 사상체질의학회지 Vol.22 No.4

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to assess the statistical methods used in the Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine and to identify the types of errors in the statistical analysis. 2. Methods We have reviewed quantitative articles published in the Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine from 2000 to 2009. Except for the case report, a total of 505 articles was reviewed by year. We focused on the methods of statistics in these articles. We have analysed the number of thesis used the statistical methods, the number of the statistical methods, the types of the statistical methods, and the errors of the statistical methods with the object of 202 thesis used the statistical method. 3. Results 1. Of the 370 articles, 202 used inferential statistics. 2. The most dominant was the thesis with one type of the statistical method forming 61.9% (125 thesis) of the total. 3. The ANOVA was the statistic of choice overall (40.1%), followed by the t-test (35.6%). 4. By examining the errors of the statistical methods, there were 49 thesis with errors among 81 thesis using ANOVA, 25 thesis among 72 thesis using t-test, and 18 over 62 thesis using chi-squared test. 4. Conclusions We have found various mistakes or misuses in the applications of statistical methodologies in the articles published in the Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. It is necessary to present the cases of inappropriate statistical methods in order to improve the quality of academic researches. So long as Sasang constitutional medicine uses the statistical methods, researchers should fully examine and be aware of the statistical methods which they wish to use through other research articles, and statistic publications.

Cytochrome P - 450 유도물질 처리한 흰쥐 간의 마이크로좀 Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase 활성도와 혈액의 Polyamines 농도와의 관계

박기현,이윤형 ( Ki Hyun Park,Youn Hyung Lee ) 생화학분자생물학회 1985 BMB Reports Vol.18 No.3

The relationship between polyamines in blood and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHHase, EC, 1.14.14.1) activities in hepatic microsomes was observed when rats (Sprague - Dawley, male, 150 160 g) were treated intraperitoneally with phenobarbital (Pb) or 3 - methylcholanthrene (3 - MC) as potent inducers of cytochrome P - 450 (P - 450) isoenzymes. In the case of Pb - treatment for an induction of P - 450 - b, P - 450 contents of hepatic microsomes were significantly enhanced and total polyamine levels in blood had no change After administration of 3 - MC as a carcinogen and an inducer of P - 450 - c, the major polyamines measured in blood were putrescine and spermidine and total polyamine level was increased over 2 - fold. In particular, putrescine concentration was enhanced drastically when compared with control value (10 - fold). These results indicate that only the putrescine was accumulated abnormally because ornithine decarboxylase and polyamine oxidase as enzymes of polyamine synthesis or degradation were stimulated by metabolites of 3 - MC treated. On the other hand, hepatic microsomal AHHase activities by the induction of P - 450 - c were increased over 13 - fold. In this respect, a relationship is suggested between AHHase activities enhanced from induction of P - 450 - c and synthesis or degradation of polyamines.

WAP 프록시의 구축 및 무선통신 효율을 위한 개선

박기현,신양모,주홍택,Park, Kee-Hyun,Synn, Yang-Mo,Ju, Hong-Taek 한국정보처리학회 2004 정보처리학회논문지 C : 정보통신,정보보안 Vol.11 No.3

WAP 2.0 시스템은 인터넷 환경과의 호환성을 고려하여 WAP 포럼에서 새롭게 제안된 무선통신 시스템으로서, WAhP 단말기와 기존 Origin 웹서버 간의 통신을 담당한다. 본 연구의 목적은 1) WAP 포럼에서 제안된 WAP 2.0 프록시를 구축하고 2) 이를 개선하여 유무선 통신 간의 전송 효율을 향상시키는데 있다. 본 연구에서 구축한 개선된 WAP 프록시는 split-TCP 개념을 사용하여 유무선 통신환경을 연결하고 있지만, split-TCP 연결과는 달리, TCP의 end-to-end 의미(semantics)를 유지시키고 상위 프로토클 계층에서의 처리를 되도록 줄여서 오버헤드를 감소시킨다. 또한, SACK(Selective Acknowledgement) 옵션 및 Timestamp 옵션을 지원하여 빠른 재전송을 가능하게 함으로써, 무선통신 경로에서의 TCP의 성능 저하를 줄인다. 본 논문에서 구축한 개선된 WAP 프록시를 Linux 환경에서 구현한 후 성능을 측정한 결과, WAP 포럼에서 제안된 WAP 프록시에 비하여 데이터 전송지연시간과 데이터 전송량이 모두 줄어드는 전송 효율의 향상을 얻었다 특히, 패킷 유실율(packet missing ratio)이 클수록, 데이터 전송량의 감소 효과가 점점 커짐을 알 수 있으며, 이것은 개선된 WAP 프록시로 인한 무선통신 환경에서의 성능 항상 효과가 뚜렷함을 입증한다고 생각된다. The WAP 2.0 system is a newly proposed wireless communication system by the WAP Forum for interoperability across Internet environment and the system takes charge of communication between WAP terminals and existing origin Web servers. The purpose of this paper is 1) to construct a WAP 2.0 proxy proposed by the WAP Forum and 2) to improve the WAP Proxy in order to increase communication efficiency between wired and wireless communication objects. The Improved WAP proxy constructed in this study provides links between wired and wireless communication environments using the split-TCP concept. However, unlike the split-TCP connection, The improved WAP proxy maintains TCP's end-to-end semantics and reduces overhead by avoiding operations as much as possible on the upper protocol layer. In addition, The improved WAP proxy supports SACK(Selective Acknowledgement ) option and Timestamp option for speedy re-transmission which leads to reduction of performance degradation. After constructing the improved WAP proxy under Linux environment, experiments have been taken. The experimental results show that, compared with the experiments when a WAP proxy proposed by the WAP Forum is used, both data transmission delay time and data transmission size decrease to show that communication efficiency is increased. In particular, as packet missing ratio Increases, data transmission size decreases, which demonstrates that the improved WAP proxy is very effective for performance improvement in wireless communication environment.

DNA 상해와 복제억제에 미치는 3 - methylcholanthrene 의 영향

박기현,이정섭,이형호,박상대 ( Ki Hyun Park,Jung Sup Lee,Hyung Ho Lee,Sang Dai Park ) 생화학분자생물학회 1985 BMB Reports Vol.18 No.2

DNA strand breaks and replication inhibition by 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) were determined in the presence or absence of metabolic activation in CHO-Kl cells. DNA strand breaks were induced in a small extent by 3-MC for 24 hr treatment. However, the single strand breaks were effectively induced by 3-MC for 1 hr treatment with the metabolic activation system. The production of strand breaks were remarkably increased by post-incubation with hydorxyurea and ara-C. At low doses below 10^(-6) M, inhibition of replicon initiation was observed, at higher doses non-specific inhibition of both replicon initiation and chain growth was shown.

보철물 장착후 골 유착성 임플란트 변연골 소실에 관한 방사선학적 연구

박기현,한동후,Park, Ki-Hyun,Han, Dong-Hoo 대한치과보철학회 1998 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.36 No.6

Regular radiographic examination has been considered as an essential diagnostic method for the osseointegrated dental implantation. This study investigated the marginal bone loss through the measurement on the periapical radiograph around 46 endosseous dental implants. Marginal bone loss have been observed for 5 years after delivery of prostheses. The results were as follows : 1. According to the experimental periods, average marginal bone loss in total implant was 1.821mm in the first year, 1.833mm in the second, 1.892mm at third, 1.910mm at forth and 1.957mm at fifth after delivery of prostheses(P<0.05). 2. The average bone loss was 1.832mm in the maxillae and 1.819mm in the mandible in three years but there was no significant difference between the upper and lower jaw(P>0.05). 3. The average bone loss was 1.824mm in males and 1.818mm in females in five years but there was no significant difference according to the sex(P>0.05). These results indicate that the most of the alveolar bone loss occur within the first year after delivery of dental prostheses resulting in the exposure of polished neck positions, and the bone level stabilizes at first thread portion of the implant fixtures.

발암의 생화학적 표지로서 폴리아민에 관한 연구 ( 1 ) - 다핵 방향족 탄화수소와 니트로 화합물이 흰쥐의 폴리아민 수준에 미치는 영향

박기현,김정락 ( Ki Hyun Park,Jung Rock Khim ) 생화학분자생물학회 1982 BMB Reports Vol.15 No.3

Changes in polyamine content in the liver of rat were investigated after a single oral dose with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (3-methylcholanthrene, 100 ㎎; 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, 20 ㎎) and a single i.p. injection with nitrosamines (diethylnitrosamine, 30 ㎎; diethanolnitrosamine, 30 ㎎), respectively. Spermiddlne concentrations showed considerable increase on day 5 after chemical administration and elevated to a level about 2 times higher than that of controls on day 15. Spermidines of these maximal levels on day 15 were markedly decreased later, but slightly increased again after 20 days and appeared to remain 1.7 fold as compared controls until 50 days. In the case of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene- treated rat, spermidine concentration was a maximal level on day 10 and decreased progressively later. Spermine concentrations were not exhibited a characteristic changes during the period studied.

7 , 12 - Dimethylbenz ( a ) anthracene 과 3 - Methylcholanthrene 에 의한 젖산탈수소효소 수준 및 동위효소 농도 변화에 관한 연구

박기현,김정렬,김정락 ( Ki Hyun Park,Chung Ryul Kim,Jung Rock Khim ) 생화학분자생물학회 1982 BMB Reports Vol.15 No.2

Changes in levels of serum total lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) and patterns of its isozyme were studied after a single intraperitoneal injection with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (3-methylcholanthrene, 3-MC, 100 ㎎ and 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene, DMBA, 20 ㎎) in Sprague-Dawley rats (female, 140-150 g). Serum LDH level of rat on day 5 after chemicals administration was markedly elevated when compared with the control value. Levels of LDH were produced a maximal value about 2 to 3 fold of control on day 15 in both 3-MC and DMBA treatment. There resulted in increase of the heart type subunit(LDH1) of isozyme patterns, which was accompanied by a relative decrease in percent of the muscle type subunit(LDH5). In the case of DMBA treatment, percent of LDH1 after 10 day decreased progressively during the period studied when compared with initial value. Level of rat serum total LDH was characterized by a sharp decrease on day 15 later in both DMBA and 3-MC administration and exhibited close value to control serum on day 20 or day 30. Although there was an increase or decrease in serum LDH level through the period observed, LDHS showed lower percent than in control LDH level over 20 day or 30 day after chemicals treatment increased considerably and was about 2 to 4 fold above controls. Results of this investigation may, therefore, be that both the LDH level and pattern of isozyme exhibited characteristic changes in rat serum served as an useful basis for prognosis in cancer at various stages of development.