墳墓基地權에 관한 考察

박광동(Kwang-Dong Park) 한국비교사법학회 2004 比較私法 Vol.11 No.1

On account of the site right of graveyards, many realistic problems such as damage of nature, inefficiency of national land, and infringement of ownership have been happened and to regulate these a funeral law was enacted. So then, should the Site Right of Graveyards be abolished clearly? The site right of graveyards is not against to the principle of realty in Civil Law, and although funeral law excludes the existence of the site right of graveyards expressively, it is reasonable that the exclusion will be recognized only in the case, among the precedents which courts have acknowledged, of prescribing the site right of graveyard by establishing a graveyard in the land of others without permit of the owner. And the extend of effects to the Site Right of Graveyard needs to be limited to the necessity for the protection of graveyard and its service rather than controlled by the regulation of funeral law. But, in case of duration of the site right of graveyard, following the funeral law will be well-matched construction to the sight of the purport of the site right of graveyard, respect for private ownership, and the purpose of funeral law.

본인서명사실 확인 등의 제도에 관한 소고

박광동 ( Kwang Dong Park ) 한남대학교 과학기술법연구소 2012 과학기술법연구 Vol.18 No.1

A signature verification system plays a role in the alternative measure of a current seal impression certificate system. Then, it is necessary to establish an efficient system in order to enforce a new system such as the signature verification system. It is required to strength the easiness of its use through the establishment of this system rather than in the seal impression certificate system of which current national familarity is strong. Also, its probative force as much as that of the seal impression certificate system is required at least. The signature verification system comprises a personal signature confirmation system and a digitalized personal signature confirmation system. The personal signature confirmation system has a structure in which a civil claimant visits directly an issuing agency to check its identity and signs an electronic image signature input editor (electronic pad). With regard to this system, it is necessary to prepare an effective counterplan against a problem in which it is difficult to visit directly the issuing agency, Thus, even though it is considering to introduce a digitalized personal signature confirmation system as the solution of such problem, it is required to seek a specific solution by type. Additionally, it is necessary to consider a plan to harmonize a personal information protection and human rights protection in order to deal with a problem in which it is tough to check a personal identity. Furthermore, it is reasonable not to run parallel with a signature and a seal in consideration of the purpose of introducing the signature verification system. The digitalized personal signature confirmation system has a structure in which a civil claimant visits an administration agency, etc. to make an user`s application for prior use at first and connects to an issuing system to check its identity with an accredited certificate, etc. and then prepares a confirmation letter and makes an electronic signature on it to issue it and prints an issuing letter and submit it to a demanding agency and then the demanding agency checks the confirmation letter on an issuing system to handle the civil claim. With regard to this system, it is necessary to discuss the problem about the official seal of an electronic signature and a plan on the user`s prior registration procedure. That, it is required to make an official seal when considering the reliability problem of a digitalized personal signature confirmation note without any official seal and the national familarity. It is a kind of legislation policy who is the subject. Additionally, it is necessary to consider to leave out a procedure on the future office work types with regard to the user`s prior registration procedure.

고령화 사회에서 부모부양 문제의 법적 해결방안 연구

박광동(Kwang Dong Park),윤혜란(Hye Ran Yoon) 중앙법학회 2015 中央法學 Vol.17 No.1

Currently, legislative efforts are being made to directly or indirectly force filial duties based on law as propositions related to filial duties are constantly being suggested aiming to legally compel filial duties to a certain extent, the basic principle of our nation, Korea. In particular, for special rules related to a so-called "Filial Piety Law", Act on Supporting and Promoting 「 Filial Behavio r」is in force, and for certain support and filial duties, 「Civil Law」defines relevant duties. Examples of legislation of other countries, the examples can be classified into two categories: legislating filial laws as special rules (China, Singapore, USA, and India), or as a part of Family Law within Civil Law (Ukraine and Vietnam). In addition, filial laws either have provisions directly imposing legal sanctions on violations (including Singapore and India) or not. It is recommended for Korea``s 「Act on Supporting and Promoting Filial Behavior」to be compulsory. And for specific legal provisions, they need better ments such as clarifying the defining provisions and optimizing the regulations for establishing basic plans for promoting filial behaviors. Moreover, in relation to the legislative contents, close examination of whether the national consensus on legally compelling filial problems exists, of social costs, and of the level of governance by law. In terms of Civil Law and the theory of legislation, it is required to allow clearance whenever the duties were already fulfilled when the person has a support duty toward his donor, because under Article 556 of Korea Civil Law, a done who is under the duties to support, yet has not fulfilled his support duties toward a donor will become default on his obligations. Additionally, the alternative should also be examined using trust system as implemented in Common Law to support by trusts.

일본 여행업법과 우리나라 여행업 법안에 대한 고찰

박광동 ( Kwang Dong Park ) 단국대학교 법학연구소 2012 법학논총 Vol.36 No.1

Korean travel agency business has been continuously expanded to play a role of new growth engine for future business. Applicable law to this travel agency in Korea is the Tourism Promotion Act. Recently, a legislative bill for the divisional legislation of travel agency in the Tourism Promotion Act was proposed to the National Assembly. This travel agency bill contains some newly enacted provisions on the frame of travel agency-related provisions. Then, in Japan where the travel agency law as the independent individual law relating to the travel agency has been enforced, such travel agency has been operated on the center of self-controlled regulatory schemes through the reinforcement of the travel agency association`s function. In Korea, it is important to regulate legally the travel agency but it is more reasonable to establish the economic order through both the development of the tavel agency and the mutual self-regulation of travel agencies. Also, it is necessary in the establishment of travel agency law to plan out methods in which the easiness of information access for the protection of consumers is stressed and various legal background for the development of travel agency is based, Further, it is necessary in the legislative view to devise the conciseness of legislative system and the definiteness of provisions for the purpose of the promotion of relevant subject`s comprehensiveness and the easiness of legal interpretation. However, because the travel agency law has the administrative view about the travel agency, it is necessary to take much care of its legislation so as not to put any travel agent on the unreasonable position. Further, the travel agency law shall make the travel agency developed actually and the effective relationship between a travel agent and consumers established.

가족관계등록 관련 디지털화에 관한 법제연구

박광동(Park, Kwang Dong) 한국비교사법학회 2013 비교사법 Vol.20 No.4

현행 「가족관계등록법」에서는 가족관계등록과 관련한 각종 신고를 전산정보처리조직을 이용하여 전자문서로 할 수 있는 법적 근거를 마련하고 있다. 현재 「가족관계등록법」에서는 전자문서를 이용한 신고와 관련하여 등록에 관한 신고는 전산정보처리조직을 이용하여 전자문서로 할 수 있도록 법적 근거를 두고 있으나, 아직 이에 대한 시스템 구축은 나와 있지 않은 상황이다. 이러한 시스템 구축과 관련하여서는 전자부동산등기신청시스템과 전자본인서명확 인서시스템 구축 방식을 참고하여 검토하여 보면, 첫째 사용자의 사전이용 신청을 도입하고, 둘째, 전자문서 이용 신고와 관련하여 시작단계에서는 보고적 신고를 중심으로 운영하는 것이 타당하다. 그리고 셋째, 전자문서의 진정성 확보를 위하여 전자서명과 타임스템프(Time stamp) 등을 병존하여 사용하는 방식을 고려할 필요가 있다. 현행 「가족관계등록법」에서 전자문서 이용 가족관계등록신고에 대한 대법원규칙으로의 위임사항에 대한 세부적인 규칙 제정이 필요하다. The current 「Family Registration Law」 provides legal basis for converting various notices relating to the family registration to be made as the electronic-documents using the computerized information handling system. Even though a notice relating to the registration with regard to a notice using an electronic document in the 「Family Registration Law」 is currently put on the legal basis for converting it to be made as an electronic document using the computerized information handling system, there is no system construction for this legal basis yet. Reviewed from the system construction with reference to the method of constructing the electronic real estate registration application system and the electronic signature verification system, first, it is reasonable to introduce an application for the previous usage of an user and, second, it is reasonable to operate an electronic document-using notice around the reporting notice in the stating phase. Additionally, third, it is necessary to consider a method using the electronic signature and the time stamp in parallel so as to secure the sincerity of the electronic documents. It is necessary to enact the detailed rules about the notified items of an electronic document-using notice for family registration in the 「Family Registration Law」 to the Supreme Court Regulation.

우즈베키스탄의 가족법에 관한 고찰

박광동(Park, Kwang-Dong) 한국가족법학회 2013 가족법연구 Vol.27 No.3

The Republic of Korea and Uzbekistan have some close connection in the aspects of legal system exchange and international marriage as well as in terms of international relationship. It can be seen that the separation-divorce from an Uzbekistan’s spouse are generally caused by a matter in which each other does not understand the other country’s society-culture-laws. Specially, it is important to understand the provisions of the family law in Uzbekistan which reflect the society-culture in Uzbekistan. The legal system in Uzbekistan has been largely affected by the former Soviet Union’s and Russia’s legal systems and is the continental legal system like that of Korea and classifies substantial laws and procedural laws. Furthermore, the family law in Uzbekistan is made since the final draft for the family law in the Republic of Uzbekistan was determined and resolved in 1998 in the National Assembly. The family law in Uzbekistan is composed of 8 Chapters, 30 Parts and 238 Articles. Chapter 1 General Rules is composed of Part 1. General Matters and Part 2. Exercise and Protection of Family’s Rights. Chapter 2 Marriage is composed of Part 3. Procedure and Conditions for Establishment of Marriage, Part 4. Rights & Obligations of Husband and Wife, Part 5. Rights & Obligation of Husband and Wife on Property, Part 6. Contract for Husband & Wife’s Property, Part 7. Marriage Interruption and Part 8. Marriage Invalidity.

이탈리아 협동조합에 관한 연구

박광동 ( Kwang Dong Park ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구소 2013 法과 政策 Vol.19 No.1

이탈리아 법률구조에는 협동조합을 위한 구체적인 규정이 있다. 그래서 협동조합은 이탈리아 법률에 의하여 계획된 다른 것들과 달리, 조합에 관한 자치 법률 유형/형식으로 간주될 수 있다. 협동조합에 관한 이탈리아 법률은 기업법률 양식이 적절하다고 옹호할 수 있지만, 이는 단순한 문제가 아니다. 우선, 기업의 협동조합법은 이탈리아에서 헌법적 타당성을 가지고 있음을 알 필요가 있다. 실제로 이탈리아 헌법 제45조에 따르면, “이탈리아 공화국은 특정한 사적인 목적이 없이 상호적 성격을 가진 협동적 사회기능을 인식한다. 법률은 가장 적절한 수단으로 발전을 촉진하고, 성격과 목적에 따른 적절한 통제를 확보한다”.라고 규정하고 있다. 협동조합에 관한 실질적인 제도는 총칙이라는 구조적인 단위와 각칙이라는 필수적인 단위로 나뉘어져 있다. ① 모든 기업에 잠재적으로 적용 가능한 총칙은 주로 민법에서 규정하고 있다. ② 다른 총칙들은 아래에 있는 것들 중 가장 많이 관련된 법률에 포함되어 있다. ③ 각칙은 생산된 재화나 용역의 유형이나 협동조합과 그 조합원 간의 관계 및 추구하는 목표에 근거하여 특정한 유형의 협동조합과 관련된다. ④ 협동조합에 관한 총칙과 각칙의 관계는 각칙에 규정된 협동조합은 양립가능한 경우에만 총칙이 적용된다. 또한 협동조합이 양립가능하면 두 가지의 회사 유형을 관리하는 규정을 부가적으로 적용한다. In the Italian legal system there is a specific regulation for cooperatives. Therefore, the cooperative society can be considered as an autonomous legal type/form of society, different from all the others envisaged by Italian law101. Although Italian legislation on cooperatives can be considered adequate for the promotion of this legal form of enterprise, at the same time it cannot be regarded as simple and straightforward. First of all, it is worth noting that the cooperative legal form of enterprise has constitutional relevance in Italy. Indeed, according to art. 45 of the Italian Constitution, “the Italian Republic recognises the social function of co-operation with mutual character and without private speculation purposes. The law promotes and favours its growth with the most appropriate means, and ensures, with appropriate controls, its character and purposes”. The substantial regime of cooperatives is divided into a wide and structured group of general rules and a likewise significant group of particular rules. ① general rules, as such potentially applicable to all cooperatives, are mainly contained in the Civil Code. ② other general rules are included in other laws, among which the following are the most relevant. ③ special rules are dedicated to particular types of cooperatives either on the grounds of the type of the good or service produced, or the type of the relationship. ④ the relationship between general rules and special rules on cooperatives is the following: “cooperatives regulated by a special law are subject to general rules only if compatible”. also apply residually and if compatible to cooperatives the rules that govern two different types of companies.

우리나라 패러리걸 입법화 방안에 관한 연구

박광동(Park, Kwang-Dong) 한국법이론실무학회 2013 법률실무연구 Vol.1 No.1

최근 우리나라의 법률시장은 급격한 변동기를 맞이하고 있는데, 이와 관련하여 패러리걸(Paralegal)에 대한 관심도 필요한 상황이다. 이러한 패러리걸은 일정정도의 전문성, 일정 범위에서의 재량성, 윤리성, 인재의 집합성, 국제성, 개별법률 자격자전문가와 의뢰 인간의 허브로서의 기능을 가지고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 패러리걸은 변호사사무직원 중심의 협의의 패러리걸과 변호사법 규율을 받는 협의의 패러리걸을 포함하여 변리사법 등의 개별자격법률에서 규정하고 있는 사무직원뿐만 아니라, 법률관련 분야에서 일정한 자격을 가지고 법률전문자격자 및 관련 단체들의 법률적인 사무를 돕거나, 법률 관련 업무를 처리하고 있는 자를 포함하는 광의의 페리리걸로 구분할 수 있다. 현재 패러리걸은 변호사사무직원에 대한 규율이 중심적 위치를 차지하고 있으나(협의의 패러리걸), 그 범위의 설정의 확대 문제 및 이와 관련한 변호사법 및 관련 법령의 분법화 내지는 개별법화에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 이러한 패러리걸의 입법화를 위해서는 현재 패러리걸의 독립적 지위 부여에 대한 입법의 필요성에 대한 국민적 법의식의 전환에 대한 노력이 필요하다. 이러한 패러리걸에 대한 입법의 필요성의 국민적 공감대의 형성을 바탕으로 하여 패러리걸에 대한 범위에 따른 입법방식을 구상하여 보면, 우선 변호사법에 대한 입법평가의 단계를 거쳐서 협의의 패러리걸에 대해서는 분법화를 통하여 변호사법에서 패러리걸법을 분리하여 제정하는 방안을 구상할 수 있다. 그리고 광의의 패러리걸을 규율하는 방식으로는 기본법을 제정하여 다른 관련 법령 등에 규정되어 있는 패러리걸 또는 새로이 만들어지게 될 패러리걸에 대하여 일정한 기본?이념?원칙의 범위를 설정하게 할 수 있는 방식을 구상할 수 있을 것이다. Recently Korean legal service market faces revolutionary change. In connection with such change, it is necessary to be concerned with a paralegal. It seems that the paralegal has some degree of professionalism, a scope of discretion, ethicality, talented persons collectivity, internationality and a function of a hub between an individually legally qualified expert and a client. The paralegal may be classified into a broad sense of paralegal including a person, which helps the legal works of legal professionals and relevant institutions with some qualifications in a legally-related field or handles legally-relating works, as well as a clerical workers as prescribed in any individual qualification laws, such as the Patent Attorney Act, including a narrow sense of paralegal, which is centralized with some law office workers, and a narrow sense of paralegal, which is subject to the Attorney-at-Law Act. Currently, the regulation over the law office workers holds a central position with regard to the paralegal (a narrow sense of paralegal). However, it is necessary to consider the expansion of the set-up of its scope and the division or individualization of the Attorney-at-Law Act and other laws & regulations relating to such expansion. For the sake of legislation of such paralegal, it is currently required to make an effort for the changeover of national legal consciousness about the necessity of legislation for the purpose of granting an independent position to the paralegal. In view of a legislation method in accordance with the scope of the paralegal based on the formation of national sympathy on the necessity of legislation for the paralegal, it may be considered to enact the separation of the Paralegal Act from the Attorney-at-Law Act through the law division with regard to the narrow sense of paralegal after passing preferentially through the legislative evaluation phase about the Attorney-at-Law Act. Then, as the method to regulate the broad sense of paralegal, it may be considered to make it set up the scope of certain basis?ideology?principle for the paralegal, which is prescribed or will be newly created in other applicable laws & regulations, by enacting its fundamental laws.

사회적 가치 관련 기본법의 법적 성격에 관한 소고

박광동 ( Park Kwang-dong ),장교식 ( Jang Kyo-sik ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2019 一鑑法學 Vol.0 No.43

최근 우리나라에서는 사회적이라는 용어가 크게 확산되어 사용되고 있고, 이는 입법안 등에서도 나타나고 있는 상황이다. 이러한 사회적이라는 용어가 사용되는 입법안 중 사회적 가치와 관련한 기본법으로는 「사회적 가치 기본법(안)」 및 「사회적 경제기본법(안)」이 국회에 계류 중이다. 이 「사회적 가치 기본법(안)」 및 「사회적 경제기본법(안)」은 기본법의 법체계를 가지고 있는데, 양자의 기본법의 유형과 관련하여 기본법의 “성격별” 유형으로 분류할 때는 정책형이면서, 기본법의 “효력별” 유형으로 분류할 때는 제1유형 기본법 및 기본법의 규범적 성격 유형으로 분류할 때는 정책수단의 총괄규범으로서의 기본법으로서의 성격이 동일하다고 할 것이다. 이러한 기본법 유형의 동일성까지 생각한다면 「사회적 가치 기본법(안)」은 「사회적 경제 기본법(안)」 및 「사회적 경제 판로특별법(안)」과 더불어 소위 “사회적 경제 3법”으로 속할 수 있다고 할 것이다. 그러나 「사회적 가치 기본법(안)」과 「사회적 경제 기본법(안)」이 동일한 기본법의 성격을 가지고 있다고 하더라도 사회적 경제는 사회적 가치를 구현하는 하나의 방식이자 조직이기 때문에 사회적 가치 규범을 사회적 경제 규범 속에 포함시키는 것은 적절하지 않다. 오히려 사회적 경제에 관한 일련의 법령을 사회적 가치 규범의 하나의 범주 내지 내용(구현 방식)으로 이해하는 것이 적절할 것이다. Recently, the term ‘social’ has been widely used in the Republic of Korea. It’s also been found in legislative bills. Among the bills with the term ‘social’, the social value-related framework acts - Social Value Act and Framework Act on Social Economy - are pending at the National Assembly. Both Social Value Act and Framework Act on Social Economy have a framework law as a legal system. In other words, regarding the type of their framework laws, they are a policy type when categorized by ‘characteristics’. When classified by ‘effects’, on the contrary, they are ‘class I framework act’. If categorized by ‘normative characteristics’, they have a general norm as a policy means. Considering such homogeneity in the type of these framework acts, the Framework Act on Social Value can be one of the Three Acts of Social Economy along with the Framework Act on Social Economy and Special Act on Social Economy Channels. Even though both the Framework Act on Social Value and Framework Act on Social Economy have the same characteristics of the framework act, social economy is just one of the systems and organizations to realize social values. Therefore, it is not appropriate to include social value norms in social economy standards. Instead, it would be more reasonable to understand such social economy-related laws as a category of social value norms or their implementation method.

부동산물권변동에 있어서의 디지털의사표시

박광동(Park Kwang-Dong) 한국법학회 2007 법학연구 Vol.25 No.-

현대의 법률관계와 법률이론은 Cyberspace의 등장으로 급격히 변화하고 있다. 그 중 하나가 바로 부동산물권변동에 있어서의 디지털의사표시의 부분이다. 아직까지 이에 대한 많은 논의가 이루어지지는 않았다. 이러한 부동산물권 변동에 있어서 디지털의사표시에 대해서는 현재의 법이론과 차이가 날 수 있는 부분은 여러 가지가 있을 수 있다. 다만 그 분석에 있어서는 법적 안정성의 관점에서 볼 필요가 있다. 이러한 관점아래에서 가장 중요한 변화라고 볼 수 있는 것이 부동산물권변동에 있어서의 요식화와 그 발생시기에 관한 부분일 것이다. Recent development of science calls for changes in legal system. Digital declaration of intention is closely related with trans of property of real-estate right. In this situation where expression of intention about real right and registration is digitalized, a change should happen in jurisprudence about the change of real-estate right. To be specific, the existing informality of act of real right should be changed into formality. The time for registration establishment will be the time when registration officer has completed collation. which will have an influence on the establishment time of change of real-estate right.