연세 개방주의 교육과정에 기초한 유아 행동발달척도 타당화 연구

박경자,정영선,박미현,우현경,방은영,최선화,Park, Kyung Ja,Chung, Young Sun,Park, Mi Hyun,Woo, Hyun Kyung,Bang, Eun Yeong,Choi, Seon Hwa 한국보육지원학회 2017 한국보육지원학회지 Vol.13 No.5

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Behavior Rating Scale for Preschool Children based on the Yonsei Open Education Curriculum. Methods: The subjects of the study were 145 children aged three to six attending a preschool affiliated with a university and their teachers. Teachers observed their children for at least two weeks and completed the Behavior Rating Scale for Preschool Children. The scale consisted of five areas and 44 items which was a five level rubric. Results: Results showed that age differences were significant and development trends were revealed in almost all items. Second, the mean between the upper and lower groups showed a significant difference. Third, the internal consistency reliability was .97 for all items and for the five areas ranged from .86 to .93. The inter-observers reliability was .84. Forth, the concurrent validity and content validity of the scale were relatively high. Conclusion/Implications: The Behavior Rating Scale for Preschool Children can be used as a valid and reliable instrument to assess preschool children's development.

중국 고대 당대(唐代) 민간 조경[사가원림(私家圓林)] 연구 - 출토된 명기(明器)와 낙양명원기를 중심으로 -

박경자,Park, Kyung-Ja 국립문화재연구원 2005 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.38 No.-

당대(唐代)의 출토유물인 명기와 낙양명원기를 중심으로 당대의 귀족 정원을 고찰한 결과, 산수경관인 가산과 연못이 정원의 중심이 되고, 여기에 누정을 짓고 화목을 심었다. 가산은 치석첩산(置石疊山)하고, 동굴을 만들었고, 명기의 석가산은 산지산세(山地山勢)는 험준, 층만첩장(層巒疊嶂), 녹색이 깔린 자리와 같고, 새들이 혹 산간에서 노래하고, 연못 호반에서 물을 마신다 라고 표현되었다. 연못은 착지인수(鑿池引水)하고 수계가 발달하였으며, 누정 건물로는 청(廳), 당(堂), 관(館), 정(亭), 대(臺), 누(樓), 각(閣), 사(榭) 등이 있다. 조경식물로는 대나무, 연꽃, 모란을 가장 많이 볼 수 있고, 향나무, 소나무, 회, 잣나무, 전나무, 오동, 가래, 복숭아, 오얏, 매화, 살구, 국화, 칡덩쿨 등을 식재했던 것을 알 수 있다. 위와 같이 중국 당대의 원림은 풍부하고 다양하며 뛰어난 원림 양식으로 원림발달의 전성기를 구가하였고, 문화교섭에 의해 동시대의 통일신라의 민간 특히 귀족의 주택 정원도 사절유택(四節遊宅) 등의 기록에 의하면 한국 조경 발달사에서 전성기에 해당될 것으로 유추할 수 있다. Through the excavated excellent articles of the Tang era, we have considered the building techniques and styles of a square pavilion, an octagonal pavilion, a miniature hill, a pond, etc., could read building techniques of the scenic structures on ancient literatures including records and additionally about their poetical life at that time and inquired into the arrangement, structure, building techniques, etc. of a miniature hill, a pond, a pavilion, a flowerplant, etc., on Nakyangmyungwonki. Thus, under the research on the private landscape architecture, especially the nobility gardening, around excavated excellent articles and literatures, 'A miniature hill(假山) and a pond for landscaping views formed the center of a garden, and additionally a pavilion was built and flowerplants were set. The miniature hill of laying stones and having a carven, steeping, stratifying, looking like dyed green and birds' singing among hills and eating water on the lakeshore${\ldots}$' was expressed. The pond of digging in the ground and conducting water had its water system developed. There were several kinds of pavilions such as 廳, 堂, 館, 亭, 臺, 樓, 閣, 榭, etc. As examples of landscaping plants, there were a bamboo, a lotus flower, a peony, aromatic trees a pine, a korean spindle tree, a big cone pine, an empress tree, a wild walnut, a peach, a plum, a Japanese apricot tree, an apricot tree, a chrysanthemum, arrowroot vines, etc. Thus, the garden of the Tang era, abundant, diverse and excellent, enjoyed the prime of the period of prosperity. Due to cultural exchange, it is supposed that the period of united Shilla of the same age would meet with the period of prosperity in the developmental history of Korea landscape, based on the nobility garden system '4 different dwelling-houses every season on a record "四節游宅"'.

조선시대(朝鮮時代) 석가산(石假山) 연구(硏究)

박경자,Park, kyung-ja 국립문화재연구원 2001 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.34 No.-

We can infer from collections of prose in Cho-sun period that the main period is from King Se-jong's reign to King Yoeng-jo's or between the 15th and the 17th century. The ideological background and the dignity of the rock garden is derived from Taoist hermitism and Nitze and Jeng-je's quietism. The representation of the rock garden as tri-god mountain comprising Bong-lai, Bang-jang and Young-ju is based on the tradition of making the tripartite rock garden in a pond practiced in the three north-eastern countries, Korea, China and Japan. And it's the representation of quietistic world of eternal life that had been sought by the taoism. Making a pond in which they plant lotus and made rock garden. they enjoyed watching immaculately pure lotus flower bloom even in the mud. It is compared to the confucians' seeking for virtue even in the profane or defiled world. Another motive of intellectuals to make rock gardens is their love of nature and its landscapes and their preference of recluse and temperate life to attaching to high public office, which was the tendency of the learned, established by the influence of taoist and quietist tradition. The essays portray the fountain water, ponds, waterfalls. the hilltops, the mountain pass over the ridge. winded lanes, valleys, caverns, and other architectural elements. The technic of building rock gardens includes those of harmonizing each elements of landscapes in the water, that of irrigation, building formation, and those of piling up the mountains and hills. With some comments on planting trees, grass and flowers. The original location of rock garden, esp. in case of taoist Chae-su's rock garden with waterfalls, is Ian-ri, Ian-myon in the city Sang-ju. Since no relics of rock gardens are to be found in any examples of Korea's traditional gardening, the study of rock gardening by analyzing the prose collections of Cho-sun period can be significant for the study of designing water space that has been considered the center of a garden space.

한국과 중국의 궁궐어원(御苑)의 상석(賞石) 비교연구

박경자,Park, Kyung-Ja 국립문화재연구원 2003 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.36 No.-

Korea and China can find the common feature derived from the mutual cultural exchanges, belonging to the same cultural sphere of the East Asia. It also applies to the stone figures of the palace gardens of both countries. In case of Korea in the stone figures of the palace gardens, there are few of them existing in Kyungbok Palace, Changduk Palace, and Changkyung Palace of the Chosun Dynasty, and most of them were washed away, there are hardly any records remaining and transmitted, and there are hardly any materials of drawings and pictures of them. On the contrary, in case of China, although there are those washed away, there are vast numbers of real objects, and records and materials of them. Therefore, for the study on the stone figures of Korea, the method to analogize the research lacking regarding the stone figures of the palace gardens of Korea from those of China after conducting the comparative study between those existing and those of China, may be available. I consider that although the restoration of the palaces of Chosun Dynasty of Korea had been the restoration project oriented toward the buildings until now, it will be the phase where one should have more interest toward the restoration of the palace gardens in the future, and that the restoration of the palace gardens should be made centered on the landscape architectural structures, deviated from the restoration project attaching weight to the restoration of the trees. Above all, I consider that the interest should be turned to the restoration of the stone figures where the view toward the nature of the Orientals are expressed well. For the restoration of the stone figures in the Changduk and Changkyung Palaces, it is considered that the restoration of the rough locations and shapes is possible based on the Dongkwol Drawings being transmitted, and that the research on the shapes, characters, pedestals, characteristics, etc. of the specific stone figures is possible as far as it is based on the study of the stone figures of the palace gardens of China.

The Importance of CCDL in English Education

박경자,Park, Kyung-Ja The English Teachers Association in Korea 2002 영어어문교육 Vol.7 No.2

Factors affecting foreign language learning task are diverse in nature due to the different social and cultural backgrounds so that learners have to somehow use strategies and expressions to adjust diverse factors to their learning environments. The main purpose of this paper is to show how important NNS vs. NNs interaction through CCDL can be in their enhancement of English proficiency by giving examples from their chatting conversation(written conversation) data collected for over two semesters. Chatting as a means of synchronous communication interaction between students from two different cultural backgrounds can act as a predictor of foreign language achievement. Chatting and Telemeet activities have their own advantages in enhancing communicative competence when learning English. By engaging in these synchronous communication activities learners of English from different cultural backgrounds can acquire unique strategies and expressions from which they learn from each other. In short, this study advocates the importance of strategies and patterns foreign language learners can acquire from interaction among culturally different peer groups.

Social Network Service 수용 후 사용회피에 관한 연구: 페이스북 사용자를 중심으로

박경자 ( Kyung Ja Park ) 한국정보시스템학회 2015 情報시스템硏究 Vol.24 No.1

Why people reduce or stop using social network services(SNS), which are regarded as a mean of relationship and communication, unlike the early trend? To explain the phenomenon, this study tries to predict psychological decision making process of users from perspectives of cognitive dissonance theory. From this perspective, this study attempted an integrative approach that reflected ‘User``s literacy’ indicating the ability of individuals to use SNS, and ‘negative mass media influence`` such as media reports on side effects or the bad experiences of acquaintances, along with the 3 factors used in the SNS Prior research. This study conducted an empirical analysis by surveying 256 facebook users, and the major findings are as follows:- First, Social-overload, complexity, uncertainty and negative media influence are significantly affect dissonance on the use of SNS. Second, Dissonance on the use of SNS significantly affects the behavior that possibly reduces and limits the use of SNS. In other words, the users who have experienced psychological dissonance respond passively by avoiding the use of SNS to resolve the dissonance. Third, the moderating effect of User``s literacy wasn``t a significant. This study presents a clue to understand psychological decision making process of use of SNS and a guideline for establishing practical strategies. In addition, it is important to note that this study contributes to expansion of theoretical discussion about usage.

貢女 출신 高麗女人들의 삶

박경자(Park Kyung-Ja) 호서사학회 2010 역사와 담론 Vol.0 No.55

Among Korea people living in the country 'Won', there are some people who came in voluntarily but many of them were forced to move there as a prisoner, eunuch or Kongnyeo (貢女, a tributed woman). Won compelled Korea to tribute women until early King Kongmin's regime. Due to frequent requests for Kongnyeo from Won, there was social confusion such as that the marriage was nationally forbidden for maintaining virgins but early marriage was popular among the people to avoid being selected as Kongnyeo. Korea resisted against Won about Kongnyeo issue, but it didn't go through much successfully. It seemed that Kongnyeo was mostly beautiful considering the descriptions for them. They had used to be a daughters of traitors or monks at the first time but, as time went by, they were selected irrespective of their origin. A daughter of Ki Zao, from the relatively low family, became a favorite of Won's emperor then dramatically installed as a empress. As known, she, the empress Ki, left her footmark on Won's Imperial Household with support from Ko Youngbo and Park Bulhwa, the eunuchs from Korea. When Kongnyeo was assigned to loyal families and bureaucrats, there was discrimination by the social status in Korea. It means that the court-ladies from high class often became a spouse of senior officials, and also there are some court-ladies in their palmy days with favor from emperor. Accordingly the court-ladies tended to emphasize their origin to be on better position. Kongnyeo in these background can be divided into three groups; the group in the relation to Korea's Imperial Household, the group from the powerful family though not directly related to Korea's Imperial Household and the group from unclear origin who became a wife or concubine of Won's nobles with beauty and efforts. In case of these groups, they lived a relatively unrestricted life. However, most of Kongnyeo were on humble status as like slaves. Accordingly, Kongnyeo on high class including the empress Ki played a role on their position as like popularizing things Korea in Won's Imperial Household. The relationship between Korea and Won was not positive on our side. However, it is a fact that this relationship played a big role in spreading things Korea around Won. It found that culture exchange at that time was not one-way, 'from Won to Korea'. Namely, things Korea which crossed over Won produced effects in many ways such as on court manners, clothing and food. Many Korea women who came to Won as Kongnyeo didn't stay in humble life but did play a main role in keeping things Korea alive in Won.

외국인을 대상으로 하는 시문학 교육 방법

박경자(Park Kyung Ja) 한국어교육연구학회 2014 한국어교육연구 Vol.1 No.-

이 논문은 한국어 교육에서 학습자들에게 시를 통해서 한국어 학습에 도움이 되는 방안을 마련해 보기 위한 것이다. 문학의 여러 장르 중 시를 선택한 것은 시가 다른 장르에 비해서 짧아서 초급 학습자들이 부담을 덜 갖고 좀 더 쉽게 다가갈 수 있을 것으로 보기 때문이다. 시를 한국어 교육에 활용하기에 앞서 교수자가 사전 알아 두어야 하는 것은 시가 일반적인 발화와는 달리 교수자나 학습자가 시라는 문학 텍스트에 대해 시인의 의도나 주제의식을 이해하는 정서적 공감이 전제되어야 한다는 사실이다. 본고는 이와 같은 목적들을 달성하기 위한 문학 텍스트로서 한국 시를 선별하여 문법, 어휘, 문화, 정서적 이해의 차원에서 한국어 교육에 활용할 수 있는 방안을 모색해 보려고 한다. 국어 교육에서 문학 교육의 내용은 초급에서는 이해하기 쉬운 어휘들로 이루어진 문장을 중심으로 학습자에게 한국 문학에 대한 호기심을 자극할 수 있도록 일상적이면서 흥미로운 내용으로 선별해야 한다. 그리고 일상적이고 기본적인 어휘를 익힌 중급과 고급 과정에서는 좀 더 구체적이고 전문적인 내용으로 확장하여 한국 문학에 대한 교육을 심화해야 한다. 중급과 고급 과정에서는 어휘의 다의적 확장, 곧 비유적 사용에 대하여 이해할 수 있고, 어휘나 문장이 지니는 고도의 상징을 이해할 수 있도록 학습할 수 있는 텍스트여야 할 것이다. 또한 시 속에서 한국인의 문화를 이해할 수 있는 텍스트들이라면 한국어의 습득과 문화를 연계시켜 줄 수 있는 좋을 텍스트가 될 것이다. 시 텍스트를 중심을 문법, 어휘, 문화, 정서 교육의 차원에서 교육 방안을 지시했는데. 학습자들에게 시에 대한 은유, 함축과 같은 비유법에 대한 문학이론적인 설명보다는 시를 이해하고 감상할 수 있는 능력을 기를 수 있도록 도와주는 것이 필요하다는 사실을 인식할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to educate Korean language learners the literature through poems and essays. The education of poems and essays to the beginners class and the middle class as well as the high class offers the opportunity to know the aspects of Korean culture ㆍ society through poems and essays easy to read. The selection of the literature works which is suitable for the level of learners is not easy, but it is the most important to choose the works according to hardness or ease of the vocabulary and grammar. Of the literature works for the beginners, the poems are suitable for the beginners and the middle class. As the poems abound easy and sensitive contents, Korean language learners are easy to approach Korean emotion without difficulty. The education of poems offered for the education of the beginners class has to be educated through several example sentences of the important vocabulary and grammar appearing in the poem to help the understanding of poems. The most important thing in the education of poems of the beginners class and the middle class is to have ability which can understand and impress poems. To feel Korean emotion through poems enables learners to deepen the understanding of Korean literature and the ability of communication. And the education of an essay offers the knowledge and understanding of Korean cultureㆍsociety as well as the knowledge of Korean literature. Until now, the education of Korean literature in the level of the middle class and the high class has been accomplished. Now, the education of Korean language from the beginners class to the high class has been educated Korean true character of Korean culture and Korean emotion through poems and essays.

초등학교 고학년 아동들의 비만원인분석에 관한 연구

박경자(Kyung Ja Park) 한국여성체육학회 2001 한국여성체육학회지 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study was to suggest a comparative study on analysis of obesity factors in obese and non-obese elementary school children. We measured physique, and body fat(%). The attitude on practice for obesity was also measured a questionaire. We have come to following conclusion after examining T area`s 824 elementary school children(4∼6 grade). 1. Obese elementary school boys were shown to be 42.3%, school girls shown to be 38.7%. 2. Obese elementary school boys and girls were not related with socioeconomic factors. 3. Obese elementary school boys and girls were not related with habits of physical activities. 4. Obese elementary school boys and girls were related with habits of diet. 5. Obese elementary school boys and girls were a little related with sociopsychological factors. As to these results, elementary school teachers will need to instruct honest education of diet habits and sociopsycholoQical factors for children.

나레이티브를 통한 유아의 애착 표상 측정의 타당화 연구

박경자(Kyung Ja Park),권연희(Yeon Hee Kwon) 한국아동학회 2005 아동학회지 Vol.26 No.4