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박경미,조경희,손윤희,임종국,남경수,Park, Gyung-Mi,Cho, Kyoung-Hee,Shon, Yun-Hee,Lim, Jong-Kook,Nam, Kyung-Soo 한국생약학회 2000 생약학회지 Vol.31 No.1
Glycyrrhizae Radix aqua-acupuncture solution (GRAS) and Glycyrrhizae Radix water-extracted solution (GRWS) were prepared and tested for organ toxicities, antitumor activities, and immunomodulatory effects. The organ-toxicity of GRAS to male ICR mice was studied by the measurements of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP-s) activities after injection of GRAS for 7 days. The activities of GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP-s were decreased with GRAS. It was shown to possess considerable toxicity toward various tumor cell lines. Concentration of GRAS at 1.5g/ml and 3g/ml resulted in more than 80% inhibition of growth in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EATC), Hepa1c1c7, and HeLa cells. Toxicity of GRAS to A549 revealed that 68% inhibition of growth. GRWS at the concentration of 3g/ml showed more than 80% inhibition of growth with EATC, Hepalclc7, A549 and HeLa. In morphological study, the number of cells were decreased, and the shape of cells was round-form in EATC, Hepalclc7, A549 and HeLa cells with GRAS. Administration of GRAS inhibited the growth of EATC in vivo. Mice given EATC at 1.5g/ml or 0.3g/ml GRAS had 16.7% to 50% survival after 21 days. GRAS increased the proliferation of T and B cells and the cytolytic activity of purified T cell. The biosyntheses of nucleic acid and protein of EATC, Hepalclc7, A549 and HeLa cells were inhibited by GRAS.
부분 구문 분석 결과에 기반한 두 단계 부분 의미 분석 시스템
박경미,문영성,Park, Kyung-Mi,Mun, Young-Song 한국정보처리학회 2010 정보처리학회논문지B Vol.17 No.1
부분 의미 분석 시스템은 문장의 구성 요소들이 술어와 갖는 관계를 분석하는 것으로 문장에서 술어의 주체, 객체, 도구 등을 나타내는 의미 논항을 확인하게 된다. 본 논문에서 개발한 부분 의미 분석 시스템은 두 단계로 구성되어 있는데, 먼저 부분 구문 분석 결과로부터 의미 논항의 경계를 찾는 의미 논항 확인 단계를 수행하고 다음으로 확인된 의미 논항에 적절한 의미역을 부착하는 의미역 할당 단계를 수행한다. 순차적인 두 단계 방법을 적용하는 것에 의해서, 학습 성능 저하의 주요한 원인인 클래스 분포의 불균형 문제를 완화할 수 있고, 각 단계에 적합한 자질을 선별하여 사용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 PropBank 말뭉치에 기반한 CoNLL-2004 shared task의 데이터 집합 및 평가 프로그램을 사용하여 각 단계가 시스템의 전체 성능에 기여하는 정도를 보인다. A shallow semantic parsing system analyzes the relationship that a syntactic constituent of the sentence has with a predicate. It identifies semantic arguments representing agent, patient, instrument, etc. of the predicate. In this study, we propose a two-phase shallow semantic parsing model which consists of the identification phase and the classification phase. We first find the boundary of semantic arguments from partial syntactic parsing results, and then assign appropriate semantic roles to the identified semantic arguments. By taking the sequential two-phase approach, we can alleviate the unbalanced class distribution problem, and select the features appropriate for each task. Experiments show the relative contribution of each phase on the test data.
근대의 공리(公理)와 ‘우연’의 상실: 이반 일리치(Ivan Illich)의 비(非)근대 사상
박경미(Park, Kyung-Mi) 한신대학교 신학사상연구소 2015 신학사상 Vol.0 No.170
이 글은 근대성의 기원과 본질에 대한 이반 일리치(Ivan Illich, 1926-2002)의 사상을 소개한다. 일리치는 근대 사회에서 인간의 삶을 노예의 삶으로 만드는 것이 무엇인지 탐구했다. 이 과정에서 그가 주목한 역사적 경험은 중세 말 공유지의 사유화 과정에서 일어난 ‘호모 이코노미쿠스’(homo economicus)의 탄생이다. 일리치에 따르면 공유지, 내지는 공 유재(Commons)에 일어난 이러한 변화는 자급적, 자치적 삶을 위한 공유재가 상품생산을 위한 ‘자원’으로, ‘희소한 가치’로 탈바꿈한 것을 의미한다. 이와 함께 인간은 자급적, 자치적 존재가 아니라, 늘 무언가를 욕구하는 존재, 상품과 서비스에 의해 ‘기본적 욕구’(basic needs)가 충족되어야 하는 소비자이자 산업노동력이 되었다. ‘호모 이코노미쿠스’(homo economicus)가 탄생한 것이다. 일리치는 ‘호모 이코노미쿠스’의 탄생이 어떻게 사물 안에 내재하는 모든 차이와 경계를 문질러버리고 그 자리에 균질성과 규범, 시스템을 도입함으로써 경제 획일주의에 근거한 ‘평등의 신화’를 만들어냈는지 밝힌다. 일리치에 따르면 그 과정은 인간 삶의 다양하고 풍요로운 의미 즉, 자유, 은총, 축복과 우연을 파괴하고 인간 존재를 ‘근대적 노예’로 전락시키는 과정이었다. 그는 이러한 서구 근대화의 과정이 기독교에 대한 대립이 아니라 기독교 자체의 왜곡의 과정이었다고 보고 있다. 일리치는 과거를 탐구하고 근본적으로 사고함으로써 근대 문명을 떠받치고 있는 평등, 욕구, 가치, 희소성, 자원이라는 근대의 ‘확실성들’이 어떻게 근대인의 삶을 종속시켰는지 역사적으로 파헤쳐나갔다. 그리고 그러한 근대의 ‘확실성들’에 대한 대안적 가치로서 ‘토착 가치’를 제시했다. 이 글에서는 ‘근대성’의 기원과 본질에 대한 일리치의 진단과 그가 제시한 대안을 소개한다. This study explores the central thought of Ivan Illich for the pathologies of modern society and the human condition. Ivan Illich, an Austrian radical intellectual, questioned what makes the human life subordinate in the modern society. He challenged the certainties of modernity, ranging freely across political, sociological, theological or philosophical area without any boundaries. He thought that modernization is the process which sought to the myth of equality and the economic value. In this process, it is inevitable that the fundamental differences and boundaries intrinsic in all beings had been bulldozed out and homogeneity, norm, and system replaced on that place. It has destroyed the diverse and abundant meaning of human life such as freedom, grace, blessing and contingency. Furthermore, it has enslaved people in modern epoch. Illich criticized that western modernity is neither the fulfillment nor the antithesis of Christianity, but its perversion. That is, we lost God’s love in the Incarnation and sensitivities of transcendence and the ultimate in human in our times. The human is not a self-sufficient and autonomous being any more. He became homo conomicus who in pursuit of the satisfaction of needs is dependent on standardized goods and service. This perception of the human as a needy being constitutes a radical break with any known tradition. Economic value arises and overshadows blessing and contingency when and where the cultural context is laid waste. Illich was able to explore how the certainties underlying modern civilization such as equality, needs, value, scarcity and resource, have broken human life from historical perspective by studying and analyzing the past in depth. Moreover he tried to reclaim the possibilities of human life and vernacular value discovered in traditional society in the face of the violence engendered from uniformity and enormity of modernity. Therefore, I would find out authentic and intrinsic meaning of life and hope by n
박경미 ( Kyung Mi Park ) 대한한방부인과학회 2014 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.27 No.4
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the effects of herbal medicine on corpus luteum and luteal hemorrhage. Ovulation is a physical event and hemorrhage from corpus luteum is known to occur in reproductive age group women. Life threatening hemorrhage requires surgical intervention and blood transfusion. Methods: The patients of this study are 34-year-old and 16-year-old females. They were diagnosed as the hemorrhagic corpus luteal cyst. Two patients was advised to be operated beacause of rupture possibility. They were treated by traditional Korean Medicine, herbal medicine (Bokryungdosu-tang), acupuncture and moxibustion. Results: After the treatment, the patients recovered their condition. One patient was diagnosed with disappearance of existing corpus luteum, the other was relieved of heavy abdominal pain, vaginal discharge and lumbago. Conclusions: Thess cases show that traditional Korean treatment might be effective on corpus luteum and luteal hemorrhage.
박경미(Kyung Mi Park) 한국기독교학회 2003 한국기독교신학논총 Vol.27 No.-
This article is an attempt to review the cosmological myths of gnosticism from the anthropological point of view. More often than not, gnosticism has been known only as a Christian heresy, but in reality, we can find that ithad been around in numerous forms on the peripheries of many existing religions from the early days of Christianity till the Middle Ages. Instead of establishing any independent religious institutions or holding out any specific dogmas, it continued to exist in the form of various sects spreading some unique intellectual or religious trends outside those leading religions which prevailed then in diverse forms. It may be added that the early gnosticism grew on the fringes of Judaism and Christian world, mainly absorbing diverse religions and philosophical elements of Greece and Near East. When the Near Eastern religions metthe Hellenistic metaphysics, there appeared a new completely different religious phenomenon. For this reason, it may be said that gnosticism is a general term denoting a variety of thoughts that forms some unique religious or philosophical trends around the fringes of numerous religions. Of these diverse trends, the Christian gnosticism had developed as one of many diverse forms of early Christianity before it eventually evolved into orthodox. Christian gnosticism then cameto grow further into a specific system of thoughts by absorbing those important elements which were in common among early Christian sects such as the Old Testament, Christ, Holy Spirit, and the Cross. Although the traditional Christian Church later decided to dismiss the Christian gnosticism as a heresy, there is no way to deny that it was one of the many possible roads which the early Christianity might have taken. Had it so happened, we might find a some other form of Christianity entirely different from what we have today. The first impressions we receive from those gnostic myths are that they are diverse. However confounding and perplexing they seem at times, it may be said that those myths do reflect some particular gnostic spirit. By reading those gnostic myths,we can hopefully come closer to our ever-present fundamental question about the painful human predicament. What are the religious characteristics of this gnosticism which covers diverse religions? What is that which people defines to be gnosticism? It may be said that gnosticism had found a way to express the existential understanding on salvation in the form of cosmogenic myths. It is also possible to find some of the basic tenets in its dualistic world-views as well as itsinsistence on the salvation through spiritual knowledge, and perhaps, they are expressed by means of such unique cosmogenic myths. Therefore, its cosmology, in truth, belongs in what the gnostic religion is. In this article, the author will try to reconstruct those basic contents of the gnostic cosmology and review, within the context of the diverse religious phenomena, what sorts of significances the gnostic religio-philosophical understandings carry. And also, she will try to see how we should appreciate, within the perspectives of the history of philosophy and religion, the gnosticism that occupied the hearts of so many intellectuals who aspired at one time or another to overcome the sufferings of life and pursue human freedom.
박경미(Kyung-Mi Park),황규백(Kyu-Baek Hwang) 한국정보과학회 2011 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.17 No.4
바이오 분야에는 개체 간의 관계에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있는 방대한 양의 연구 문헌들이 데이터베이스 형태로 저장되어 있다. 그러나, 컴퓨터에 의한 연구 문헌들에 대한 접근에 많은 문제를 겪고 있기 때문에 이처럼 방대한 자료에서 원하는 정보를 효율적으로 찾는 것은 어려운 일이다. 본 논문은 바이오 텍스트로부터 생의학 상호 작용 정보를 자동으로 추출하는 방법을 제안하고 이를 구현한 결과를 제시한다. 제안된 방법은 최대 엔트로피 모형을 사용하여 단백질, 유전자와 같은 바이오 개체명을 인식하고, 그 다음 단계에서 확인된 개체명들 중 INTERACTION 또는 NO-INTERACTION 클래스를 적용하여 상호 작용이 존재하는 개체쌍을 추출한다. 이때 품사 부착, 기본구 인식, 구문 분석, 술어-논항 인식과 같은 자연언어 분석 결과로부터 유용한 정보를 추출하여 사용한다. 특히, 심층 자연언어 분석을 통해 개체명을 논항으로 갖는 동사가 ‘촉진하다(activate)’, ‘억제하다(inhibit)’, ‘감소시키다(diminish)’처럼 상호 작용을 표현하는 동사인지 확인하는 것은 유용하다. 실제 바이오 관련 문헌에 대한 실험을 통해, 자연언어 분석이 바이오 텍스트 마이닝에 기여하는 정도를 보인다. 제안하는 방법은 철자적 특성, 개체명을 구성하는 단어들, 개체명 주변의 문맥 등의 어휘 정보를 사용하는 베이스라인 시스템보다 F1 척도 기준 약 1.4%의 성능 향상을 보이는데, 이는 자연언어 분석을 통해 개체명 주변의 외부 문맥을 효과적으로 사용한 것에 기인한다. 또한, 제안하는 학습 기반 방법이 관계 추출에서 공기 기반 방법과 규칙 기반 방법보다 우수한 성능을 낼 수 있음을 보인다. The vast amount of biomedical literature is an important source for the discovery of biomedical interaction information is stored as a database. However, it is complicated to obtain such interaction information from the text because research articles are not easily readable and understandable by machines. In this paper, we present and implement a method for extracting biomedical interaction information from bio-text. The proposed method labels all possible pairs of recognized biomedical named-entities (NEs) as INTERACTION or NO-INTERACTION by using a maximum entropy (ME) classifier. The features used for the classifier are obtained by applying various natural language processing (NLP) techniques, i.e., part-of-speech (POS) tagging, base phrase recognition, parsing, and predicate-argument recognition. Especially, specific verb predicates (e.g., activate, inhibit, and diminish) and their biomedical NE arguments are very useful features to identify interactive NE pairs. In the experiments, we analyze how much each applied NLP technique improves the extraction performance. The performance of the proposed method is about 1.4% higher in terms of the F1 measure compared to the baseline method exploiting the features from orthographical characteristics, words themselves constituting a term, and words located in the left or the right context of the term. The use of external contextual features around NEs is crucial for the performance enhancement. We also compared the proposed method with the co-occurrence-based and the rule-based methods in the relation extraction task. The result demonstrates that the proposed method is considerably better than such methods.
박경미 ( Kyung Mi Park ),구지호 ( Ji Ho Gu ),서성문 ( Seong Moon Seo ),정희원 ( Hee Won Jeong ),신종호 ( Jong Ho Shin ),심권보 ( Kwon Bo Sim ),이재현 ( Je Hyun Lee ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2013 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.51 No.3
Directional solidification experiments were carried out on modified 9Cr1Mo steel and 10Cr1MoW steel to investigate their solidification and segregation characteristics. Under a given temperature gradient, both steels were solidified at the same growth rates of 1, 5, 50 and 100 μm/s, respectively. A detailed study of the solidification sequence for both steels revealed that delta ferrite was the leading phase and gamma austenite nucleated from the solid solidified earlier. A quick phase transformation of delta into gamma was made at growth rates faster than 50 μm/s. Therefore, almost all delta dendrites were identified as gamma phases to be transformed. On the other hand, compositional analyses performed on the solid/liquid interface confirmed that alloying elements in both steels were hardly segregated ahead of the solid/liquid interface. This appears to be responsible for a very narrow freezing range which suppresses elemental segregation.
박경미(Park, Kyung Mi),양종훈(Yang, Jong Hoon) 한국만화애니메이션학회 2014 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.36
애니메이션 ‘겨울왕국’은 전 세계적으로 최고의 흥행을 기록하며 3D 애니메이션의 역사를 다시 쓰고 있다. 이러한 흥행 원인 가운데에 이른바 최첨단 디지털 기술의 적합한 도입 및 사실적인 재현에 의한 영상 콘텐츠 효과는 사진매체의 리얼리티 구현을 통해 가상현실과 이미지 재현이라는 영상미학의 의미 전달 및 경계를 재해석해 내는 기회가 되었다. 특히 과학기술에 의한 디지털 콘텐츠 기술의 발달은 사진의 특수성을 부각한 3D 리얼리티 이미지에 의한 가상현실을 구현함으로써 실재와 가상현실의 경계를 허물고 관객들을 몰입시키는 효과를 자아낸다. 기존의 리얼리티의 개념을 초월한 또 다른 관점에서 해석할 수 있는 콘텐츠 기술 및 영상미학적 측면은 보드리야르의 시뮬라크르와 벤야민의 아우라 이론에서 살필 수 있다. 여기에서 포토리얼리티에 의한 3D 이미지는 가상현실의 존재적 가치 및 리얼리티의 의미 생성 과정 그리고 공간 표현의 실재성 측면에서 다양한 시사점을 제시한다. 2014년 전 세계를 강타한 ‘겨울왕국’은 이러한 영상기술 및 미학적 의미를 바탕으로 3D 애니메이션의 이미지 재현성을 극대화하여 상업성, 예술성, 창조성의 발전을 도래하게 하였다. 여기에서의 허구적 리얼리티 기술 구현 및 의미 전달은 예술과 상업, 그리고 미학과 논리 사이의 관계 변화를 통해 3D 애니메이션 콘텐츠문화 영역 및 네트워크 형성 작용에 커다란 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 다시 말해 문화와 사회, 재현과 현실 사이에서 발생할 수 있는 또 다른 차원의 대립과 경험의 긴장감을 제공하고 있는 것이다. Animation 〈Frozen〉 is showing the highest record in entertainment around the world and writing the history of 3D animation again. The image contents effect thanks to the proper introduction of the state-of-art digital technology, which is one of the causes of the outstanding entertainment and the factual reproduction of the images, provided an opportunity to transmit the meaning of image aesthetics, which is a virtual reality and image reproduction through the reality realization of photo medium, and to reinterpret the boundary of virtual reality. Especially, the development of digital contents technology due to scientific technologies demolishes the boundary of virtual reality and reality and creates the effect of making viewers be absorbed by realizing the virtual reality by means of 3D reality images which highlight the special characteristic of photos. The aspect of the contents technology and image aesthetics which can be interpreted in a view point beyond the existing concept of reality is found in the aura theory of Benjamin and in the Simulacres of Baudrillard. The 3D image by photo-reality herein presents various suggestions in the aspect of real existence of spatial expression, the meaning creation process of reality, the existence value of virtual images.