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류주희(Ryu Ju-hee) 한국역사연구회 2010 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.76
Sangseo 6bu(尙書6部) is a governmental institution dedicated to the state affairs of Goryeo, and is given much weight in the political structure and power system. Therefore, many studies on pluralism of Sangseosung have been done so far. This study examines the state of pluralism of Sangseo(尙書)ㆍSirang(侍郞)ㆍNangjung(郎中)ㆍWonoerang(員外郞) in general. The provision of Jeonsigwa(田柴科) and Nokbong(祿俸) is also considered in related to pluralism. Even though Jeonsigwa and Nokbong is not a criterion to distinguish main occupation from pluralism, it tends to interrelate to each other. As a result of the study on the state of Sangseo, Sirang, Nangjung, Wonoerang under Sangseo 6bu, it is evidenced that pluralism was widely practiced among some departments. Secretariate administration such as Jungseomunhaseong(中書門下省), Sangseo 6bu, Jungchuwon(中樞院)ㆍEundae(銀臺), literary administration such as Samsa(三司), Eosadae(御史臺), Hallimwon(翰林院)ㆍBomungak(寶文閣) and Donggunggwanbu(東宮官府) had appeared. Pluralism of Sangseo 6bu was widely spread among Jungseomunhaseong and SamsaㆍJungchuwonimportant power institutions of Goryeo, and literary bureaucrat such as Eosadae, Daegwan(臺官) and HallimwonㆍBomungak. This meant that the nature of pluralism of Sangseo 6bu was to concentrate the central administration onto the king, and to intensify the King's authority. As shown in the study, Sangseo generally held an additional post ranked the third grade(3品), and Sirang and Nangjung were widely ranked at the fourth(4品) and fiften grade(5品). The official rank was reflected in concurrent rank thoroughly, which indicates that the range and status of concurrent rank was defined by the official rank. That pluralism in Sangseo 6u was rampant confirms that the state administrative affairs were basically run with special reference to Sangseo 6bu. The core of pluralism is the dual position of Sangseo and Sirang, as they commanded more than 90% of Sangseo 6bu pluralism practices. Furthermore, the fact that officers of Sangseo 6bu hold offices within the power institutions such as Jungseomunhaseong and Jungchuwon indicates that pluralism was directly linked between the king and Sangseo 6bu to run the state administration efficiently. Sangseo 6bu had contributed to an effective state administration as pluralism made a smooth process possible. Accordingly, Sangseo 6bu played an important role in not only running a state administration, but also connecting diverse political institutions at the same time. The fact that the minister and viceminister of Si(寺)ㆍGam(監), a practical department frequently held a Jibusa(知部事) post in 6bu supports it is true. Thus, Goryeo had maintained an organic state administration under the power system through pluralism whose power source was Sangseo 6bu.
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류주희(Ryu Ju-hee) 역사실학회 2006 역사와실학 Vol.30 No.-
Yi Geuk-jeung during 1431~1494(King Saejong 13 to Sungjong 25) as government official and politician was characterized by his high contribution. Through his office of 40 years huge contributions in the field of politics, administration, education as well as administrative ability were highly marked. A chronicler quoted him as a man who was straight and sincere enough to dislike changes and conduct his service scrupulously like his home affairs, which showed his frugal and diligent manner as government employee. Unfortunately, the reason that the study on Yi Geuk-jeung was little done not because his activities were but because his works have not been left. Luckily there exists the activities of his public service in the "a True Record of the dynasty" as he worked as government official between King Saejong and Sungjong, a clue that could study his achievements. His public service can be examined in three stage, during King Saejo(2~14), YaejongㆍSungjong(14) and Sungjong(15~25). During King Sa.ejo(2~14), He passed the civil service examination at the age of 25, starting his military career of 10 years until he was 38 years old. At this period, he was in charge of Seoyeon at Sejasigangwon(世子侍講院), forming ties with Prince(who became King Yaejong) and later became an seungji(承旨) for the Seungjungwon(承政院), leading to his continuous political success. During his thirteen years of public service from King Yaejong to Sungjong(14), dubbed as his mid career, he was designated as Ikdae(翊戴) and Jwarigongsin(佐理功臣) and later showed active service as he became Minister of PersonnelㆍFinanceㆍDefenseㆍJustice respectively. His designation as Ikdaekongshin(deserving retainer) was contributed to his skillful administration of major criminal case of Nami as the service of prime minister, but there was no particular contribution to designation as Ikdaegongshin(deserving retainer). But this chance of appointment to Ikdae and Jwarigongshin(Royal Advisor) made him to strengthen his political position, playing a leading role during the period of Sungjong. Despite enormous political status as a member of the group of Hungu(Conservative Party) he was far from the political and economic graft that most of such power had committed. During his latter part of service from Sungjong 15 to 25, he worked as Dongjisa(an envoy) of Sungkyunkwan(Confucian academy) to put out his efforts to cultivate men of ability and it was the period that he greatly contributed to the promotion of the literature trend. Two stages for the promotion of study of the students of Confucianism included retirement and scores as evaluation of attendance for such students and Ganggyeong(講經) as study evaluation of the works. The reason that Yi Geuk-jeung put emphasis on the retirement and scores was to prompt diligence of the students of Confucianism, which seemed quite necessary for a nation or society as governmental official of talent required not to mention knowledge and function. He also insisted that Ganggyeong be the solution to activate Seonggyungwan education as well as increase of retirement students. The reason was that this was designed in terms of teaching and learning rather than cultivation of governmental official. Soon he asked the students to be a academic officials to study and promulgate the teachings of Seongnihak(性理學) as well as basic resources for employees for the nation.
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류주희(Ryu, Ju-Hee) 중앙대학교 중앙사학연구소 2005 중앙사론 Vol.21 No.-
After founding Joseon, an important outstanding question was to decide the new capital. To construct the new capital was necessary to renovate an appearance and benevolence of new nation. Through the process of debate about moving to Hanyang in Taejo period, it was worthy of notice that the political people, different from the another foundation power, grew with Ha Ryun in the center, then strengthened the political location. But the political people try to solve their adverse situation relative to combine Lee Bang-won because their activity wasn’t fastidious, and having a connection with Lee Bang-won who was estrange politically was accomplished naturally in such this situation. The First Prince Rebellion on august, 1398 brought the replacement of the political power. Jeong Do-jeon․Nam Eun ware purged, then Taejo bequeathed the throne to Jeongjong and withdrew. But Lee Bang-won had the real power, Jeongjong was powerless. So Jeongjong tried to leave KyungBok palace and to seek the political repose. Gaeseong is decide to be suitable for his refuge. This was advanced very easily as compared with the moving to Hanyang. Taejong, ascended the throne through the Second Prince Rebellion, sought to find the tradition about succession to the throne from Taejo. This meaned that he inherited from Taejo’s policy. While the removing to Hanyang was carried out at Taejong 5th years(1405). After that Taejong came to drive forward strengthening of the royal authority with self-assurance.
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류주희(Ryu Ju-hee) 한국역사연구회 2009 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.73
Goryeo was affected by Royal Secretariat from Song Dynasty during the founding and servicing of Privy Council. The main function of Goryeo was Jiksuk(直宿). It contained Sugwi(宿衛) as well as the king’s order's receipts and payments. Sugwi's function in Song represented civil poats-royal guard and forbidden guard solders. Royal guard and Sugwi was the primacy function, and Royal Secretariat took charge of forbidden guard soldiers. Also that function included the rein about forbidden guard soldiers. Royal Secretariat in Goryeo emphasized the king’s order’s receipts and payments as opposed to Royal Secretariat in Song. So, each of them showed different political functions. Royal Secretariat from Song controlled military administration and played a role of conducting state affairs, whereas Royal Secretariat from Goryeo gave priority to the king’s order's receipts and Sugwi. Royal Secretariat was considered to have the function of controlling military institutions and weapons of war from the beginning of the founding. This was the reason not to establish Royal Secretariat. Moreover, the situation of Goryeo in the case of Yejong’s record was similar to that of Song. It was referred to succeed to the duty of Sungunbu(徇軍部) and Gunbu(軍部), for there's any other system. The organization and function of Royal Secretariat came to expand, and the word, Jaechu(宰樞), appeared in Hyunjong 14th, which meant Chumil(樞密) was of low standing than Jaesin(宰臣) but became to take the center position of government post system. And Chumil participated the Advisory Council on State Affairs as Jaechu. Royal Secretariat got a phase as the Policy Board. In order to accomplish this kind of function, Privy Council was organized and prepared. Therefore, Chumil managed national administration, military command and Seungseon(承宣) performed each of the king’s order's receipts and Sugwi.
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치아 수복재에 의한 갈바닉 전류가 인체 타액에 미치는 영향
권혁춘,엄정문,조인식,류주희,손호현,Kwon, Hyuk-Choon,Um, Chung-Moon,Cho, In-Sik,Ryu, Ju-Hee,Son, Ho-Hyun 대한치과보존학회 1998 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.23 No.2
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of galvanic current between different metallic restorations on human saliva. The rate of salivary flow and concentrations of IgG, IgM, sIgA and lactoferrin were measured. In this study, unstimulated whole saliva collected before restoration was regarded as control group and unstimulated whole saliva collected 10 minutes, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after restoration were regarded as experimental groups. Following results were obtained from this study. 1. There were some differences in values of salivary flow rate between experimental groups, but the changes in values compared to those of the control group were not statistically significant(P>0.05). 2. Measurements of major antibacterial components of saliva showed that while the concentrations of IgG and IgM decreased significantly 1 week and 1 month after restoration(P<0.05), changes in values of sIgA and lactoferrin were not statistically significant(P>0.05). 3. In vitro measurements of galvanic currents decreased sharply in the first 20 seconds and thereafter decreased gradually. Galvanic current values measured in the early stages were greatly varied, but after 2 hours, the values in all groups approximated each other.
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액토스<sup>TM</sup>정(염산 피오글리타존 15 mg)에 대한 피로스<sup>TM</sup>정의 생물학적 동등성
강종민,이명재,서지형,최상준,이진성,류주희,탁성권,임성빈,홍승재,이경태,Kang, Jong-Min,Lee, Myung-Jae,Seo, Ji-Hyung,Choi, Sang-Jun,Lee, Jin-Sung,Ryu, Ju-Hee,Tak, Sung-Kwon,Yim, Sung-Vin,Hong, Seung-Jae,Lee, Kyung-Tae 한국약제학회 2009 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.39 No.2
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two pioglitazone HCl tablets, $Actos^{TM}$, tablets (Lilly Korea. Ltd., Korea) as a reference drug and $Piros^{TM}$, tablets (Reyon Pharm. Co., Ltd., Korea) as test drug, according to the guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty-four healthy male Korean volunteers received one tablet containing pioglitazone HCl 15 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was a one-week washout period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of pioglitazone were monitored for over a period of 36 hr after administration by using a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 36 hr ($AUC_{0-36hr}$), maximum plasma drug concentration ($C_{max}$) and time to reach $C_{max}$ ($T_{max}$) were complied from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_{0-36hr}$ and $C_{max}$. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_{0-36hr}$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for $Piros^{TM}$/$Actos^{TM}$. were log 0.8753-log 1.1286 and log 0.8669-log 1.1734, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of log 0.80-log 1.25, recommended by KFDA. In all of these results, we concluded that the $Piros^{TM}$. tablet was bioequivalent to the $Actos^{TM}$. tablet, based on the rate and extent of absorption.
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