Detection of Aflatoxins in Soybean Food by HPLC

김영국,노정구,Kim, Young-Kook,Roh, Jung-Koo Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 1985 한국식품과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

고속액체 크로마토 그라피에 CN컬럼과 분리용매로 핵산-테트라 하이드로퓨란-아이소프로필알콜-물을 사용하고 형광 검출기의 검출관에 리클로솔브로 채워 아플라톡신 $B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, $G_2$를 분리 정량하었다. 이 조건에서 아플라톡신 $B_1$의 최저 검출한계는 0.2ng이었다. 대량생산 대두발효 식품과 메주에서 아플라톡신함량을 조시하였고, 대두 발효식품에서 사용되는 균주의 아폴라톡신 생성능을 알아보았다. TLC에서는 아플라톡신 유사물질이 검출되었지만 HPLC에서 아플라톡신이 아닌 것으로 나타났다. 시험한 균주의 아폴라톡신의 생성능은 없었다. Aflatoxin $B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, and $G_2$were quantitatively detected by the high pressure liquid chromatography on a Micropak-CN column, with Hexane-THF-IPA-water, using a Lichrosorbpacked flowceil in the fluorometric detector. Under those conditions, the minimum detectable amount of aflatoxin $B_1$ was 0.2 ng. HPLC was used in determining amount of aflatoxins in the commercially manufactured soybean food and home-made Meju. Aflatoxin producing abilities of strains used in the industrially fermented soybean food were also studied with the HPLC technique. Although aflatoxin-like substances were detected in a few samples on TLC, they were not identified with the HPLC retention times of standard aflatoxins. The commercial fungal strains used in Korea had no aflatoxin producing abilities.

복합항생제 SM-101 ( 설박탐 , 메탐피실린 ) 의 생식독성연구 랫트 수태능력시험

정문구(Moon Koo Chung),송시환(Si Whan Song),노정구(Jung Koo Roh) 한국응용약물학회 1996 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.4 No.1

A new composite antibiotic, SM-101(sulbactam·metampicillin), was at dose levels of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 ㎎/㎏/day administered intravenously to Sprague-Dawley male rats from premating to mating period and to females from premating to early gestation period. Effects of test agent on general findings and reproductive performance of parent animals and embryonic development were examined. In male parents, two deaths occurred at 1000 ㎎/㎏. The increase in kidney weight of the 1000 ㎎/㎏ group were also observed. The decrease in body weight and food consumption were found at 500 and 1000 ㎎/㎏. The decrease in spleen weight were seen at 250, 500 and 1000 ㎎/㎏. In female parents, three deaths were found at 1000 ㎎/㎏. Mating performance and fertility of parent animals were not adversely affected by all doses tested. F1 fetuses showed no changes related to treatment of SM-101. The results show that the no effect dose level(NOEL) for general toxicity of parent animals is under 250 ㎎/㎏/day and NOELs for reproductive capability and fetal development are over 1000 ㎎/㎏/day.

새로운 안트라사이클린계 항암제 DA-125 의 생식독성연구 토끼 최기형시험

정문구(Moon Koo Chung),김종춘(Jong Choon Kim),한상섭(Sang Seop Han),노정구(Jung Koo Roh) 한국응용약물학회 1995 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.3 No.1

DA-125, a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, was administered at dose levels of 0, 0.2, 0.6 and 1.8 mg/kg/day intravenously to pregnant New Zealand White rabbits from day 6 through 18 of gestation. The does were subjected to the caesarean section on day 28 of gestation. Effects of test agent on general toxicity of does and embryonic development of F1 fetuses were examined. At 1.8 mg/kg, the organ weight for ovary of does was significantly decreased. The decrease in the number of corpus lutea, implantations and litter size, and the increase in the rate of resorptions were also observed. In addition, various types of external, visceral and skeletal malformations occurred in fetuses at an incidence of 7.7, 7.7 and 20.6 %, respectively. The results show that the no effect dose levels (NOELs) of DA-125 are 0.6 mg/kg/day for does and F1 fetuses.

살균제 Tricyclazole에 대한 안전성 평가 (I)

황인영,최의주,노정구,Hwang, In-Young,Choi, Eui-Ju,Roh, Jung-Koo 한국환경농학회 1985 한국환경농학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Tricyclazole을 수확전 $90{\sim}40$일에 $2{\sim}3$회 처리한 작물과 토양중에서의 수확시 잔류되는 tricyclazole의 양은 각각 현미가 $0.37{\sim}0.46ppm$, 백미가 $0.29{\sim}0.39ppm$, 볏짚이 $0.14{\sim}0.30ppm$ 및 토양이 $0.15{\sim}0.19ppm$이었다. 담수조건하에서의 tricyclazole의 분해 양상은 처리후 $2{\sim}3$주까지 비교적 빠른 속도로 분해가 진행되다가 그 이후로는 안전한 속도로 분해되었으며 그 때의 반감기는 $140{\sim}180$일이었다. 또한 토양 미생물의 생균수에 미치는 영향은 거의 없었으며 Salmonella, Saccharomyces 등을 이용한 돌연변이성 유무 실험에서는 대조구와 별차이가 없었다. Fate of tricyclazole in rice paddy system was studied. The effect on soil microorganism as well as the mutagenicity of the compound was also examined. The residues of tricyclazole in crops and soil with two times application before harvest were 0.37 in unpolished rice, 0.29 in polished rice, 0.14 in rice straw, and 0.15 ppm in paddy soil. With three times of application the residues were increased to 0.46, 0.39, and 0.19 ppm, respectively. Until $2{\sim}3$ weeks after treatment of pesticide the degradation of tricyclazole was progressed comparatively but very slowly afterward and the half life of that was about $140{\sim}180$ days. There was no effect for viable count of soil microorganisms and for mutagenic test by Salmonella and Saccharomyces systems.

ICR 마우스와 SD 랫드의 제왕절개 태자에 있어서 체중과 골화와의 상관성

정문구(Moon Koo Chung),김정란(Jeong Ran Kim),한상섭(Sang Seop Han),노정구(Jung Koo Roh) 한국실험동물학회 1993 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.9 No.1

새로운 안트라사이클린계 항암제 DA-125 의 생식독성연구 랫트 주산기 및 수유기시험

정문구(Moon Koo Chung),이순복(Soon Bok Lee),한상섭(Sang Seop Han),노정구(Jung Koo Roh) 한국응용약물학회 1995 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.3 No.1

DA-125, a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, was administered at dose levels of 0, 0.04, 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg/day intravenously to pregnant and subsequently delivered Sprague-Dawley rats from day 17 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. Effects of test agent on general toxicity of dams and growth, behaviour and mating performance of F1 offspring were examined. At 1 mg/kg, one out of the twenfytwo dams showed difficult delivery, characterised by a stillbirth. Reduction in body weight, loss in food intake, and decrease in spleen weight were also observed in dams. In addition, the lower rates of successful performances in memory test (28.6%) and necrosis of tail end (9.5%) were seen in F1 offspring. At 0.04 and 0.2 mg/kg, no toxic effect on dams and F1 offspring was observed. There were no malformed F1 and F2 fetuses in all groups. The results indicate that the no effect dose levels(NOELs) of DA-125 are 0.2 mg/kg/day for dams and F1 offspring, and over 1 mg/kg/day for F2 fetuses.

농약에 대한 담수산 어류 ( 잉어 : Cyprinus carpio , 송사리 : Oryzias latipes , 일본산 송사리 : Oryzias latipes ) 의 약제 감수성 비교

이성규,신천철,노정구 ( Sung Kyu Lee,Chun Chul Shin,Jung Koo Roh ) 한국환경농학회 1987 한국환경농학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Sensitivity of the three freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio, Oryzias latipes (wildtype indigenous to Korea), and O. latipes (Japanese killifish) to 30 pesticide formulations were studied in terms of 48 hr LC_50 determined with the static method. The correlation between C. carpio and O. latipes (Japanese killifish) was higher than that between C. carpio and O. latipes with correlation coefficients of 0.89 and 0.80, respectively. The sensitivity of O. latipes and O. latipes (Japanese killifish) to pesticides showed very high correlation with a coefficient of 0.93. Therefore, it is suggested that the acute toxicity data concerning O. latipes (Japanese killifish) could represent those C. carpio or O. latipes which are indigenous species in Korea. Also, it is found that the present protocol for the toxicity test with carp in Korea has difficulties in maintaining the proper concentration of dissolved oxygen in the test chamber because of the abrupt decrease of dissolved oxygen to 2mg/l, which is not acceptable according to general guidelines of foreign countries.

농약 Chlorothalonil 과 Command 의 수용성 및 증기압

김균,김영배,김용화,노정구,Kim, Kyun,Kim, Yong-Bae,Kim, Yong-Hwa,Roh, Jung-Koo 한국환경농학회 1987 한국환경농학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Chlorothalonil 과 Command 의 수용성과 증기압을 미국 EPA 와 OECD의 방법에 준하여 측정하였다. 두 화합물의 수용성은 문헌치와 잘 일치하였다. 그러나 chlorothalonil의 증기압은 handbook 에 나타난 수치보다 5,000배 낮았고($25^{\circ}C$에서 $2{\times}10torr$)의 Command 증기압은 100배 이상 낮음($45^{\circ}C$에서 $1{\times}10\;torr$ 이하)을 발견하였다. 따라서 handbook 류의 문헌의 물리화학적 특성치를 이용하여 환경동태를 예측하는 데는 주의를 요한다. 이상의 실험을 통하여 실험상의 난점들을 파악할 수 있었고 미국내에서 Command 가 주위작물에 준 표백현상은 증기확산에 의한 것이라기 보다는 살포시 유실에 의한 현상일 가능성이 높을 것으로 추론하였다. 이러한 접근방법은 새로운 화학물질의 개발단계에서 환경동태의 예측, 기존 화학물질의 오염가능성 예측, 오염저감 대책의 제시에 기초가 될 것으로 사료된다. The water solubilities and vapor pressures of chlorothalonil and Command were measured following the guidelines of the U.S. EPA and OECD. Water solubility of the two compounds is consistent with respective values in the literature. However, the vapor pressures of Chlorothalonil and Command were 5,000 times$(2{\times}10^{-7}\;torr\;at\;25^{\circ}C)$ and 100 times$(<1{\times}10^{-6}\;torr\;at\;45^{\circ}C)$ lower than the literature values, respectively. Courteous use of the vapor pressure values in the handbooks is suggested. With this study, experimental difficulties involved were recognized. Based on the low vapor pressure of Command, the cause of the accidental bleach of non-target plants in the United States might not be attributed to the volatilization of Command, but to the drift during the application of the herbicide. These approaches will be utilized to predict the environmental fate of new chemicals under development, to screen the potential environmental pollutants among chemicals already in use, and to assess measures to minimize the hazards.

Peroxidase와 Lipoxygenase에 대한 농약의 저해작용

황인영,장병선,박관화,노정구,Hwang, In-Young,Chang, Byeong-Seon,Park, Kwan-Hwa,Roh, Jung-Koo 한국환경농학회 1984 한국환경농학회지 Vol.3 No.2

화학물질(化學物質)에 의(依)한 서양고추냉이와 사과의 peroxidase 및 정제된 대두(大豆) lipoxygenase 역가저해(力價沮害)를 조사(調査)하였다. 서양고추냉이와 사과의 peroxidase 역가(力價)에 저해효과(沮害效果)를 주는 농약중(農藥中) maneb가 zineb의 효과(效果)보다 컸으며 10,20,30ppm의 처리농도(處理濃度)에서 maneb는 12.5,23.0,34.5%, zineb는 9.5, 17.5,27.5%의 역가저해(力價沮害)를 보였다. Maneb와 zineb의 혼합체(混合體)인 mancozeb 를 500 ppm의 농도(濃度)로 사과나무에 철포(撤布)했을때 사과의 peroxidase 역가변화(力價變化)는 무처리구(無處理區)와 별 차이(差異)가 없었다. 대두(大豆)의 lipoxygenase 역가(力價)에 미치는 영향(影響)은 zineb의 경우 가장 저해도(沮害度)가 컸으며 phosphamidon과 carbofuran 이 또한 저해효과(沮害效果)가 있었다. 그러나 maneb는 저해효과(沮害效果)가 없었다. 10, 20, 30 ppm의 처리농도하(處理濃度下)에서의 lipoxygenase 역가저해도(力價沮害度)는 zineb가 14.0, 27.0, 40.0%, carbofuran이 6.5, 12.5, 20.0% 그리고 phosphamidon이 4.5, 9.0, 13.0%였다. 또한 이들 세농약(農藥)은 $100{\sim}200\;ppm$에서 100% lipoxygenase 역가저해(力價沮害)를 보였다. The effect on the activities of peroxidase and lipoxygenase by chemicals was determined. Peroxidase activities of horseradish and apple were inhibited strongly by maneb and comparativelyby mancozeb, zineb. The inhibitory rate of enzyme activity was ranged in $12.5{\sim}34.5%$ by maneb, $11.0{\sim}30.5%$ by mancozeb, and $9.7{\sim}27.5%$ by zineb in the level of $10{\sim}30\;ppm$ at the final concentration. No signification was in the peroxidase activity of apple during ripening between control and plot, treated with 500 ppm mancozeb. On the activity of purified soybean lipoygenase, zineb inhibited it more strongly than carbofuran or phosphamidon, but maneb did not have inhibitory effect on that. The inhibition ranges of $14.0{\sim}40.0%$ by zineb, $6.5{\sim}20.0%$ by carbofuran and $4.5{\sim}13.0%$ by phosphamidon were shown in the final pesticide concentration of $10{\sim}30$ ppm. But in $100{\sim}200$ ppm, lipoxygenase activity was almost inhibited by carbofuran and phosphamidon.

Formaldehyde 가스 흡입에 의한 마우스의 급성독성 및 소핵 유발성에 관한 연구

김충용,김균,심점순,김용화,노정구,Kim, Choong-Yong,Kim, Kyun,Shim, Jeom-Soon,Kim, Yong-Hwa,Roh, Jung-Koo 한국독성학회 1991 Toxicological Research Vol.7 No.1

The acute and genetic effect of formaldehyde on mice through inhalation route was studied. The Riley's chamber with one stack of cage was used for the exposure and the micronucleus test was performed under unprecedently maximum exposure concentration. LC50's of formaldehyde in mice by whole body exposure for 4 hours were 105.5 ppm with 95% confidence interval of 72.6 ppm and 143.2 ppm for male, and 159.2 ppm with 95% confidence interval of 116.5 ppm and 272.7 ppm for female. Cinicial symptoms by acute exposure were salivation, lacrimation, and abnormal respiration.