선박충돌로 인한 손해배상청구권자의 범위에 관한 연구

남도현(Nam, Do Hyun) 국민대학교 법학연구소 2022 법학논총 Vol.35 No.2

미국 증권거래법상 증권사기에 대한 주주의 사적 소권 범위 -Janus Capital Group Inc. v. First Derivative Traders 판례를 중심으로-

남도현 ( Do Hyun Nam ) 한국상사판례학회 2012 상사판례연구 Vol.25 No.4

Since 1994 the Supreme Court has decided three significant cases with respect to the private right of action under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The first case is Central Bank of Denver, N.A. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver in 1994 holding that section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 do not create an implied private cause of action for aiding and abetting, and the second case is Stoneridge Inv. Partners, LLC v. Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. in 2008, which reaffirmed its determination of Central Bank of Denver, holding that customers and suppliers of a company that issued fraudulent financial statements to its shareholders were not liable to those shareholders because those shareholders could not be said to have relied on any fraudulent conduct or speech on the part of the customers or suppliers. The Supreme Court, however, has not provided the guide to distinguish the primary liability for making a false or misleading statement from the liability of secondary actors. As securities fraud cases have increased in the aftermath of the economic crisis since 2008, the guide has been disputed more in order to compensate investors properly for the damage from securities fraud in the market. In terms of the liability of secondary actors, such as the investment adviser, for the violation of Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5, the Supreme Court addressed the more clarified standard in its decision of Janus Capital Group Inc. v. First Derivative Traders. The Court held that the maker of a statement (or a misstatement) is the person or entity with ultimate authority over the statement, including its content and whether and how to communicate it, and without such control or authority a person may be said to suggest a statement but cannot be deemed its maker. This Court`s decision limited the implied private right of action under Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 and rejected to consider the unique and actual relationship between the secondary actor, the investment adviser, and the fund, the primary violator. While the blurry line between primary and secondary misconduct has been clarified in a way that bars to private lawsuits brought under Section 10(b) against all secondary actors, there still remain issues to be discussed. This paper first presents the history of the private right of action under Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5, including Court precedents and legislative actions, as the factual background leading to the Janus case, and then analyzes the Supreme Court`s decision in the Janus case to provide deeper understanding and current status of the private right of action under the U.S. securities regulations.

성종에 따른 발화 기본주파수와 발화 및 성악발성 시 성대접촉률의 차이 비교

남도현(Do-Hyun Nam),최홍식(Hong-Shik Choi) 한국음성학회 2008 음성과학 Vol.15 No.4

Habitual speaking fundamental frequency (sF0) plays an important role in determining the voice classification, which can be presented differently depending on the vocal fold length and language habits. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to compare the differences in sF0 for voice classification and closed quotient between speaking and singing. Seventeen singers (7 sopranos, 5 tenors, 5 baritones, mean age 25.1 years) with no evidence of vocal folds pathology were participated. sF0 and closed quotient (CQ) both in speaking and in singing (A3-A5 with soprano, A2-A4 with tenor and baritone) were measured using SPEAD program and electroglottography. No significant differences were observed for sF0 between tenor and baritone groups (p> 0.05). However, CQ in singing was significantly different among three groups (p< 0.05), but CQ in speaking was not (p> 0.05). Furthermore, CQ was significantly different with both soprano (p< 0.01) and tenor groups ((P= 0.02) whereas baritone group revealed there is no difference when compared between speaking and singing. No significant differences in sF0 between tenor and baritone participants may result from decision-making for voice classification by experience and should measure sF0 before determining the voice classification.

몽골 전통 발성 흐미의 발성 방법 분석에 대한 사례연구

남도현(Do Hyun Nam),백재연(Jae Yeon Paik),황연신(Yoen-Shin Hwang),최홍식(Hong-Shik Choi) 한국음성학회 2008 음성과학 Vol.15 No.3

The goal of this study was to investigate acoustic and physiologic characteristics of two phonation types of ‘Khoomei’ which is a traditional singing style of people who live around the Altai mountains or Mongolia region. It can be produced two pitches simultaneously - high melody pitch can be perceived along with a low drone pitch. Sygyt and kargyraa styles are the most popular and identifiable styles and they can be recognized as the different sounds depending on the method of voice production. Two trained Mongolians participated and have used at least 5 - 6 years. The characteristics of this voice production were measured by using flexible fiberscope, Stroboscopy, Lx Speech studio, Spead, and Doctor Speech. In Sygyt style, very high vocal fold closure (71.50%) with both true and false vocal folds contact and strong breathing support was observed. They also showed that tongue height and harmonics were increased (around 10dB) with resonance cavity movement. In contrast, it was found that Kargyraa sound had very low pitch with relaxed stomach, less laryngeal tension and lower vocal fold contact (69.50%) than hard Sygyt style sound without raising the tongue during phonation. ‘Khoomei’ phonation can be made by strong contact of both true and false vocal folds and by increasing the harmonics as well.

음성질환자의 음성검사 시 강도 증가에 따른 음향학적 지표의 변화

남도현,임성수,윤보람,조선아,최홍식,Nam, Do-Hyun,Rheem, Sung-Sue,Yun, Bo-Ram,Cho, Sun-A,Choi, Hong-Shik 대한후두음성언어의학회 2011 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Background and Objectives : Clinically, as a tool for voice assessment before and after the operation or the voice treatment, acoustic analysis is widely used. However, in clinical situations, acoustic parameters vary according to how the assessment is made. Thus, with voice disease patients as subjects, we are to investigate what influence intensity increase exerts on acoustic parameters and how to reduce variation according to the way of assessing. Material and Method : At the voice clinic of the department of otorhinolaryngology in Gangnam Severance Hospital, with 30 female voice-disease patients (40.6 years old on the average) and 23 male voice-disease patients (40.1 years old on the average) as subjects, using the Dr Speech vocal-assessment program, we statistically tested the significance of the difference in each of acoustic parameters between when the "Ah" vowel is produced with a normal voice and when the "Ah" vowel is produced with a loud voice. Results : Acoustic parameters that showed a statistically significant difference according to intensity increase were Jitter, SD F0, and NNE for females, and Jitter, SD F0, HNR, SNR, and NNE for males. Voice quality estimates showed a statistically significant difference according to intensity increase in female hoarse voice, female breathy voice, and male breathy voice. Conclusion : In this research, acoustic analysis, which is generally used for voice assessment before and after the operation or the voice treatment, showed a tendency that acoustic parameters became better under the influence of intensity increase except for the cases where a voice disease was severe. Thus, to raise the reliability of voice assessment, the range of intensity needs to be set up. This should be the topic for the future research.

센서 네트워크에서 클러스터 헤드의 load-balancing을 통한 에너지 효율적인 클러스터링

남도현,민홍기,Nam, Do-Hyun,Min, Hong-Ki 한국정보처리학회 2007 정보처리학회논문지 C : 정보통신,정보보안 Vol.14 No.3

무선 센서 네트워크(Wireless Sensor Network)에서 라우팅 방식은 에너지 효율 측면에서 데이터의 전송량을 줄일 수 있는 클러스터링 방식이 사용된다. 하지만 클러스터링 방식은 클러스터 헤드 노드의 에너지 소모가 많은 문제점이 있다. 클러스터 헤드 노드의 에너지 소모가 많은 문제를 보완하기 위한 방식으로 클러스터 헤드 노드의 재 선출을 통해 에너지 소모를 분산하는 동적 클러스터링(dynamic clustering) 방식이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 동적 클러스터링 방식의 경우 클러스터 헤드 노드를 재선출할 때마다 클러스터 구조가 바뀌게 되며, 이로 인한 에너지 소모가 발생한다. 즉 지금까지 연구된 동적 클러스터링 방식은 많은 에너지를 소모하는 클러스터 헤드 노드 선출 및 클러스터 형성의 셋업(set-up) 과정이 반복적으로 일어나는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 반복적인 셋업의 에너지 소모 문제를 해결하기 위해 클러스터는 고정하고, 클러스터 내의 클러스터 헤드 노드를 Round-Robin으로 선출하는 RRCH(Round-Robin Cluster Header)방식을 제안하였다. RRCH방식은 한번 구성된 클러스터 내에서 각 센서 노드(sensor node)의 지속적이고 균형적인 에너지 소모를 이루어, LEACH방식처럼 셋업 과정이 반복적으로 일어나지 않게 하는 에너지 효율적인 방식이다. 이 제안의 타당성을 모의실험을 통해 확인하였다. The routing algorithm many used in the wireless sensor network features the clustering method to reduce the amount of data transmission from the energy efficiency perspective. However, the clustering method results in high energy consumption at the cluster head node. Dynamic clustering is a method used to resolve such a problem by distributing energy consumption through the re-selection of the cluster head node. Still, dynamic clustering modifies the cluster structure every time the cluster head node is re-selected, which causes energy consumption. In other words, the dynamic clustering approaches examined in previous studies involve the repetitive processes of cluster head node selection. This consumes a high amount of energy during the set-up process of cluster generation. In order to resolve the energy consumption problem associated with the repetitive set-up, this paper proposes the Round-Robin Cluster Header (RRCH) method that fixes the cluster and selects the head node in a round-robin method The RRCH approach is an energy-efficient method that realizes consistent and balanced energy consumption in each node of a generated cluster to prevent repetitious set-up processes as in the LEACH method. The propriety of the proposed method is substantiated with a simulation experiment.

미국 M&A계약상 주요 거래보호약정의 최근 동향에 관한 연구

남도현(Do Hyun Nam) 한국기업법학회 2017 企業法硏究 Vol.31 No.3

M&A계약상 거래보호약정은 최종적으로 계약 체결의 확실성을 증가시키기 위한 계약 조항의 일종으로 M&A거래와 관련하여 특정 조건으로 인하여 거래가 성사되지 않을 경우 입찰회사에게 약정한 가치를 제공하도록 하는 약정을 말한다. 즉, M&A계약에서 제3의 경쟁적 또는 우월한 인수희망회사로부터 계약을 체결한 기존의 인수희망회사의 거래를 보호하거나 M&A계약의 어느 한 당사자의 일방적인 계약 파기로 인하여 기업인수합병이 결렬되는 것을 방지하기 위하여 인수희망회사와 대상회사가 거래보호조치에 대한 약정을 하게 된다. 또한, 대상회사 입장에서는 회사 매각을 위한 응찰자를 유인하고 최초 응찰자에게 보다 높은 매수제안을 내도록 유도하는 효과를 갖는다. 본고에서는 먼저 거래보호약정에 대한 의의를 살펴보고, 위약금약정, 권유금지약정, 재교섭권, 이사회권유약정 및 주주총회의결강행조항, 상하한가제한 및 취소가능조항, 자산우선매수권 및 주식매수권, 의결권구속약정, 비밀유지약정 및 불가침조항 등 대표적인 거래보호약정별 구체적인 내용을 알아보고, Unocal 기준 및 Revlon 기준과 같은 거래보호약정의 유효성 판단 기준 및 거래보호약정과 관련하여 이사의 신인의무 위반 가능성을 회피하기 위한 fiduciary-out 조항에 대해 검토해 본다. 그리고 최근 미국 M&A거래 사례를 분석한 결과를 근거로 미국 M&A계약상 거래보호약정의 최근 주요 동향을 파악해 봄으로써 향후 우리나라의 M&A계약 활성화와 대상회사 주주의 이익 보호간의 균형을 도모할 수 있는 거래보호약정의 합리적인 활용 방안을 도출하는데 시사점을 제공하고자 한다. The deal protection agreement can be generally described as contractual provisions that have the effect of increasing deal certainty. In the event that the deal is not consummated due to the certain condition under the agreement the target company provides value to the bidder. The purpose of the deal protection agreement is to deter the third-party competing bidder to interrupt the deal with higher bidding or to prevent the deal from being broken up by either party of the contact. The target company also seek to have the deal protection agreement to encourage the initial bidding and to promote the value-enhancing deal. This paper first reviews the general concept of the deal protection agreement, and then analyzes each of the deal protection agreements in detail, which are termination fee, no-shop provision, matching right, board recommendation covenant, force-the-vote provision, collar provision, walkaway provision, asset lockup provision, stock option, voting agreement, confidentiality agreement, and standstill provision. This paper also discusses the standards for the validity of deal protections agreements including the judicial review of Unocal case and Revlon case, and the fiduciary-out provision to avoid the potential breach of the fiduciary duties of the board of the target company in terms of the deal protection agreement. After considering these historical and practical basis for the deal protection agreement, the current trend of deal protection agreement in the U.S. M&A market is identified by evaluating M&A deals for past decades in order to provide the deeper understanding of the deal protection agreement for the balance between encouraging the M&A deal and protecting the interests of shareholders.

전력선 통신기반 독거노인 안부확인 시스템개발에 관한연구

남도현(Do-Hyun Nam),손수국(Su-Goog Shon),이재조(Jae-Jo Lee),인동석(Dong-Seok In),박재성(Jae-Sung Park),김요희(Yo-hee Kim) 한국통신학회 2009 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.11

후두위치의 변화에 따른 Singer's Formant와 성대접촉률의 변화 연구

남도현,최성희,최재남,전석필,최홍식,Nam, Do-Hyun,Choi, Seong-Hee,Choi, Jae-Nam,Chun, Suck-Pil,Choi, Hong-Shik 대한후두음성언어의학회 2004 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Background and Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference of Fundamental Frequency(Hz), Closed Quotient(Qx ; %), Intensity(dB), Vocal tract length and width(cm), formant frequency(Hz), level of formant frequency(dB) depending on the larynx position. Materials and Methods : One professional male singer(career : 28 years) produced sustained vowel /a/,/e/,/i/,/o/,/u/ in two larynx position (higher, lower) with Dr. Speech and video fluoroscopy was used to quantify the vocal tract morphology. Results : In lower larynx position, CQ is increased 9.8% and Intensity is increased about 10% and level of Formant Frequency is increased. And also Vocal tract length is longer 2.4cm, Vocal tract width(Anterior width : 0.4cm, lateral width : 0.2cm) is wider than in higher larynx position. Conclusions : Singer's formant has a prominent spectrum envelope peak near 2400-2600Hz by clustering of F3, F4 and F5 near 3400Hz in lower larynx position.

Countertenor 1인의 Modal Register와 Falsetto Register에서의 공기역학적 변화 및 전기성문파형의 변화 연구

남도현,최성희,최재남,최홍식,Nam, Do-Hyun,Choi, Seong-Hee,Choi, Jae-Nam,Choi, Hong-Shik 대한후두음성언어의학회 2006 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Background and Objectives: Countertenors who can produce higher vocal pitch like female classical singer's voice and use both modal and falsetto register. This study was conducted to study phonatory characteristics between modal and falsetto register of the countertenor. Materials and Methods: A male countertenor who had 8 years of experience was examined using a videostroboscopy and his voice was analyzed using aerodynamic measures; fundamental frequency(F0), Mean air flow rate(MFR), intensity(SLP), subglottal air pressure(Psub) with phonatory function analyzer(Nagashima) and acoustic measures; jitter, shimmer, HNR, closed quotient(CQ) using a Electro-glottography(EGG) of Lx. Speech Studio(Laryngoscope, Ltd, UK) and voice range profile of CSL(Kay elemetrics). Results: In the stroboscopy finding, the longitudinal length of vocal folds was increased at the falsetto register and the upper margin of vocal folds vibrated with incomplete closure of true vocal folds. In aerodynamic analysis, intensity was same at the modal and falsetto register. However, MFR, Psub, MPT were higher at the falsetto register. In the electroglottographic analysis, closed quotient(CQ) at the modal register was high and also much higher at the high-pitch falsetto than at the loud falsetto. In the VRP, intensity was similar though F0 was different between modal and falsetto register. Conclusion: It implied that countertenor could produce powerful voice quality by increasing of respiratory pressure and respiratory volume though glottal closure was incomplete. In addition, no change of EGG waveform, similar voice range with alto was observed.