土壌水分이 人蔘生育에 미치는 影響

南基烈(Ki-Yeul Nam),朴薰(Hoon Park),李壹鎬(Il-Ho Lee) 한국토양비료학회 1980 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.13 No.2

고려인삼의 주요 효능과 그 임상적 응용

남기열(Nam Ki Yeul) 고려인삼학회 2002 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.26 No.3

본총설은 1980년대부터 최근까지 국내외 학술잡지나 심포지움 등에 발표된 인삼의 주요 임상효능 연구결과를 요약 고찰하고, 그 임상 적응증과 안전성 등에 대한 검토를 통해 금후 인삼의 임상적 활용성 제고와 인삼의 진정한 약용가치 평가를 위한 임상연구의 발전에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 당뇨병을 비롯한 동맥경화성 질환, 고혈압, 악성질환, 성기능 장애 등의 만성질환에 대한 그 동안의 연구결과는 인삼의치료효과보다는 예방 및 회복제로서의 효용성을 보여 주었다. 특히 이들 질환의 각종 자각적 장해증상과 장기 약물치료의 부작용으로 인한 QOL의 악화에 에 대한 개선효과가 관찰되<br/> 었다. 그러나 인삼의 효과는 일반적으로 mild 하여 일차적 치료보다는 관행적 약물요법과 병용할 때 보조요법제로서 또는 부작용을 보다 적게 하는 효과가 기대된다. 또한 주요 강장효능과 관련하여 작업수행능력에 미치는 임상연구 결과는 인삼복용이 각종 스트레스 상태하의 신체적 조건에 대한 적응능력을 개선시켜 육체적 정신적 기능저하를 회복시키는 효과를 보였다. 이러한 임상시험에서 얻어진 결과가 그대로 인삼의 적응증(indication)이라고 단정할 수는 없으며, 그 효능의 과학적 증거들에 대해서는 아직도 논란이 많고, 임상실험의 유효성 평가와 관련된 방법론적 문제점도 많이 지적되고 있다. 보다 확실한 적응증 제시를 위해서는 표준화된 인삼시료를 이용하여보다 체계적인 시험설계에 의한 객관적 효능평가가 필요하다. 한편 인삼(제품) 복용에 의한 부작용(adverse effects)의발생 가능성에 대한 사례보고들도 대부분 인삼의 과량복용이나 품질관리 미흡에서 기인되는 것으로 여겨지고 있다. 최근 해외 시장에서 유통되는 인삼제품 품질검사에서 사포닌 성분의 불검출 또는 함량 미달과 유해성분의 오염가능성 등 부정적 견해들이 다수 보고되었다. 그러나 표준화된 인삼제품의 추천복용량을 사용한 대부분의 임상실험에서는 거의 유의할만한 부작용은 인정되지 않았다. 금후 연구와 관련하여, 품질표준의 지표성분으로 간주되는 진세노사이드의 절대함량과 그 성분조성 차이에 따른 임상효<br/> 과의 차별성이 있는지에 대한 검토와, 특히 최근 실험적으로 밝혀지고 있는 사포닌 성분의 장내 세균에 의한 생물전환체의 인체 실험을 통한 효과 검정이 필요하다. 나아가서는 적정복용량의 설정과 이와 관련되는 생체내 동태 및 생체이용율(bioavilability)에 관한 정보가 거의 없으므로 이것도 금후 검<br/> 토해야 할 과제로 사료된다. 인삼은 전통약물로서 오랜 역사성과 그 동안의 연구결과에 의한 과학성을 가지고 있으므로 건강유지와 병의 예방 및 회복촉진을 위한 보조요법제 또는 기능성 식품으로써의 유용성이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 앞으로 인삼의 활용성 증대를 위해서는 보다 과학적인 임상평가에 의한 안전성 및 유효성 입증과 제품의 엄격한 품질관리의 필요성이 더욱 강조되어야 할것이다. Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) received a great deal of attention from the Orient and West as a tonic agent, health food and/or alternative herbal therapeutic agent. However, controversy with respect to scientific evidence on pharmacological effects especially, evaluation of clinical efficacy and the methodological approach still remains to be solved. Author reviewed those articles published since 1980 when pharmacodynamic studies on ginseng have intensively started. Special concern was paid on metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus, circulatory disorders, malignant tumor, sexual dysfunction, and physical and mental performance to give clear information to those who are interested in pharmacological study of ginseng and to promote its clinical use. With respect to chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, malignant disorders, and sexual disorders, it seems that ginseng plays preventive and restorative role rather than therapeutics. Particularly, ginseng plays a significant role in ameliorating subjective symptoms and preventing quality of life from deteriorating by long term exposure of chemical therapeutic agents. Also it seems that the potency of ginseng is mild, therefore it could be more effective when used concomitantly with conventional therapy. Clinical studies on the tonic effect of ginseng on work performance demonstrated that physical and mental dysfunction induced by various stresses are improved by increasing adaptability of physical condition. However, the results obtained from clinical studies cannot be mentioned in the indication, which are variable upon the scientist who performed those studies. In this respect, standardized ginseng product and providing planning of the systematic clinical research in double-blind randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the real efficacy for proposing ginseng indication. Pharmacological mode of action of ginseng has not yet been fully elucidated. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic researches reveal that the role of ginseng not seem to be confined to a given single organ. It has been known that ginseng plays a beneficial role in such general organs as central nervous, endocrine, metabolic, immune systems, which means<br/> ginseng improves general physical and mental conditions. Such multivalent effect of ginseng can be attributed to the main active component of ginseng, ginsenosides or non-saponin compounds which are also recently suggested to be another active ingredients. As is generally the similar case with other herbal medicines, effect of ginseng cannot be attributed as a given single compound or group of components. Diversified ingredients play synergistic or antagonistic role each other and act in harmonized manner. A few cases of adverse effect in clinical uses are reported, however, it is not observed when standardized ginseng products are used and recommended dose was administered. Unfavorable interaction with other drugs has also been suggested, which the information on the products and administered dosage are not available. However, efficacy, safety, interaction or contraindication with other medicines has to be more intensively investigated in order to promote clinical application of ginseng. For example, daily recommended doses per day are not agreement as 1-2 g in the West and 3-6 g in the Orient. Duration of administration also seems variable according to the purpose. Two to three months are generally recommended to feel the benefit but time- and dose-dependent effects of ginseng still need to be solved from now on. Furthermore, the effect of ginsenosides transformed by the intestinal microflora, and differential effect associated with ginsenosides content and its composition also should be clinically evaluated in the future. In conclusion, the more wide-spread use of ginseng as a herbal medicine or nutraceutical supplement warrants the more rigorous investigations to assess its effacy and sa

추출방법에 따른 홍삼추출액의 사포닌 조성과 품질 특성

이강선(Gang Seon Lee),남기열(Ki Yeul Nam),한진수(Jin Soo Han),탁현성(Hyun Seong Tak),김정선(Jung Sun Kim),최재을(Jae Eul Choi) 한국약용작물학회 2013 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.1

Panax ginseng C. A . Meyer ( 고려홍삼 ) 의 비사포닌의 분획의 항혈소판작용

박화진,이만휘,박경미,남기열,박기현 ( Hwa Jin Park,Man Hee Rhee,Kyeong Mee Park,Ki Yeul Nam,Ki Hyun Park ) 생화학분자생물학회 1993 BMB Reports Vol.26 No.8

The non-saponin fraction(NSF: lipophilic fraction) from Korean red ginseng showed an inhibitory activity in the aggregation of human platelets induced by a high dose of thrombin (0.2 to 2 u/㎖), the extent of which was stronger than that of verapamil, a Ca^(2+) antagonist. NSF did not affect the elevation of the intracellular cAMP concentration which inhibits platelet aggregation, as shown in the case of verapamil, but inhibited the production of TXA₂ and the release of serotonin. NSF does not inhibit the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids, but inhibits a certain pathway transforming arachidonic acid to TXA₂. NSF may play a critical role in preventing and curing thrombotic diseases.

Anti-Platelet Function of the Non-Saponin Fraction from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Korean red ginseng)

박화진,이만휘,박경미,남기열,박기현,Park, Hwa-Jin,Rhee, Man-Hee,Park, Kyeong-Mee,Nam, Ki-Yeul,Park, Ki-Hyun 생화학분자생물학회 1993 한국생화학회지 Vol.26 No.8

고려홍삼의 비사포닌분획(NSF)은 높은 농도의 트롬빈(0.2~$2{\mu}/ml$)에 의해 유도된 사람혈소판 응집반응을 강하게 억제했다. 그 응집정도는 $Ca^{2+}$ 길항제인 verapamil의 응집억제 정도보다 강했다. Verapamil은 혈소판 응집반응을 저해시키는 혈소판내 cAMP의 생성을 증가시켰지만, NSF는 cAMP의 생성증가에는 현저한 영향이 없었다. NSF는 $TXA_2$의 생성과 serotonin의 방출을 억제시키고 있었다. NSF는 혈소판막 인지질로부터 arachidonic acid의 방출을 억제하지 않고, arachidonic acid를 $TXA_2$로 전환시키는 어떤 경로를 차단하므로 혈전중의 치료 및 예방에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 추측된다. The non-saponin fraction(NSF: lipophilic fraction) from Korean red ginseng showed an inhibitory activity in the aggregation of human platelets induced by a high dose of thrombin (0.2 to 2 u/ml), the extent of which was stronger than that of verapamil, a $Ca^{2+}$ antagonist. NSF did not affect the elevation of the intracellular cAMP concentration which inhibits platelet aggregation, as shown in the case of verapamil, but inhibited the production of $TXA_2$ and the release of serotonin. NSF does not inhibit the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids, but inhibits a certain pathway transforming arachidonic acid to $TXA_2$. NSF may play a critical role in preventing and curing thrombotic diseases.

人蔘 休眠芽培養에 있어 生長調節物質이 休眠打破에 미치는 影響

Chan Moon Chung(鄭燦文),Ki Yeul Nam(南基烈),Yo Tae Kim(金鐃,泰) 한국육종학회 1989 한국육종학회지 Vol.21 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of the shortening of generation and mass propagation by in vitro propagation of dormancy bud which is taken out from rhizome of Panax ginseng. There were investigated the effect of MS medium supplemented with GA, NAA, or IBA on dormancy breaking and rooting. Application of GA 30mg/ℓ in MS medium was effect on reducing of dormancy period and expanding of leaf. For rooting and root growth, application of IBA was more effective than that of NAA. Application of IBA 5mg/ℓ alone, or NAA 1mg/ℓ and IBA 5mg/ℓ combination resulted better effect. The rooting of the young bud was possible by treatment of IBA and NAA after dormancy breaking and leaf expansion by GA treatment. Rooting induction of old-aged ginseng was possible, however was so weaker than that of young one. Differentition of root showed vigorous growth of fine root without thickening of primary root.

추출방법에 따른 홍삼추출액의 사포닌 조성과 품질특성

이강선(Gang Seon Lee),남기열(Ki Yeul Nam),최재을(Jae Eul Choi) 한국약용작물학회 2013 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.21 No.4

This study was conducted to compare the contents of ginsenoside according the water extract conditions of red ginseng. In method A, red ginseng extract was prepared at 75℃ for 18 hours by 1 time extraction, and method B, the preparation was done at 85℃ for 18 hours by 1 time extraction. In method C, the primary extract prepared at 75℃ for 9 hours was blended with the secondary extract prepared by re-extracting the red ginseng residue obtained after the primary extraction, at 85℃ for 9 hours. Method D was the same procedure as method C but the extraction temperature for the primary extraction was 85℃ and that for the secondary extraction was 95℃. The contents of total and Rb1, Rg1 and Rg₃ ginsenoside were highest in Method C. The content of prosapogenin (ginsenoside Rg2, Rg₃, Rh1 and Rh2) was highest in Method B. There was no consistent tendency in Brix, pH, Hue value and absorbance among extraction methods.

Ginsenoside Analysis of Dried White Ginseng with Skin According to Different Cultivation Regions and Soil Types

Geum Soog Kim(김금숙),Dae Young Lee(이대영),Kyung Hee Lee(이경희),Ki Yeul Nam(남기열),Seung Eun Lee(이승은),Jae Won Lee(이재원),Young Seob Lee(이영섭),Jang Uk Kim(김장욱),Young Sup Ahn(안영섭) 한국약용작물학회 2016 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.1

人蔘의 年根別 사포닌含量 變化에 관한 硏究

장진규(Jin Gyu Jang),이광승(Kwang Seung Lee),권대원(Dae Won Kwon),남기열(Ki Yeul Nam),최진호(Jin Ho Choi) 한국식품영양과학회 1983 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.12 No.1

人蔘의 主要藥理成分으로 밝혀지고 있는 사포닌의 含量變化를 중심으로 하여 人蔘의 採掘年數의 診斷과 藥理作用에 대한 基礎資料를 얻기 위하여 栽培人蔘의 生育年數에 따른 總사포닌 含量의 變化, diol사포닌과 triol사포닌의 比較 및 PT/PD 比등을 調査하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다.<br/> (1) 生育年數에 따른 總사포닌含量은 年根이 증가할 수록 總사포닌含量이 증가 하였는데 5年根에서 5.19%로 가장 높았으며 6年根에서는 4.80%로 오히려 감소하는 경향이었다.<br/> (2) 總사포닌含量만을 考慮한다면 6年根보다 5年根에서 採掘함이 바람직하다.<br/> (3) 生育年數에 따른 PT/PD比를 보면 年根이 증가할 수록 차차 증가하여 6年根이 0.51로서 가장높았으며 5年根의 0.48보다 6.25%나 더 높았다.<br/> (4) 따라서 PT/PD比의 증가량을 고려한다면 6年根에서 採掘함이 바람직 하였다. To determine harvesting time of ginseng, the changes of saponin contents and PT/PD ratios of triol saponin vs. diol saponin in relation to root age of Panax ginseng.<br/> Total saponin contents were increased in relation to root age, 5-years was higher than 6-years for saponin contents. Therefore, it considered that can be obtained the desired results to harvest at 5-years.<br/> Also, PT/PD ratios were increased in relation to root age, 6-years was highest. Considering PT/PD ratios in relation with pharmaceutical action, it must be harvested at 6-years.

새로운 추출방법에 의한 백삼 가공품의 진세노사이드 함량 분석

김금숙(Geum-Soog Kim),이대영(Dae-Young Lee),남기열(Ki-Yeul Nam),이경희(Kyung-Hee Lee),이승은(Seung-Eun Lee),이예주(Ye-Joo Lee),김성민(Seong-Min Kim),안영섭(Young-Sup Ahn) 한국약용작물학회 2015 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.1