노인건강문제와 간호의 방향

김희자,Kim, Hee-Ja 한국지역사회간호학회 1998 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The elderly population will increase from 5.8% in 1996 to 12.5% in 2020. The related problems of health will also become a very important issue in the future. Therefore it is important to address the problems of geriatric nursing and geriatric health. 87.6% of the aged were ill with chronic degenerative diseases in 1994. In 1995, hospital admission rates (86.8) for those aged 60 or older were higher than that (56.3) of the total age group. Such high medical utilization will increase national health costs. For the development of geriatric nursing, active nursing intervention in various settings combined with education and research should be developed. Considering the health and welfare of the aged and the present status and views in Korea, I suggest the following: First, the health needs of the elderly in the institution, must be met by a plan that fosters geriatric nurses and programmed service development. Second, health service for the residential elderly must be provided in day care centers, short stays, nursing homes and geriatric hospitals. Geriatric nursing services should be provided in home residential areas, public health centers, public health subcenters as well as having, community health practitioners in primary health care posts and home health nurses. Third, geriatric nursing curriculum must be developed adjust to situations and culture of Korea and be included in the nursing curriculum. And gerontological nurse practitioner or geriatric specialist must be fosteraged to provide the professional care for the aged. Geriatric nursing research should be also achived for geriatric nursing improvements.

노인의 근력강화운동이 일상생활기능 및 삶의 질에 미치는 효과

김희자,홍여신,Kim, Hee-Ja,Hong, Yeo-Shin 한국지역사회간호학회 1995 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.6 No.1

An Effect of Muscle Strength Training Program on Muscle Strength, Muscle Endurance, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Quality of Life in the Institutionalized Elderly Recent statistics shows that the aged are the fastest growing segment of our population by increasing life span. The age group of over 60 shows multiple health problems and the most serious handicapping problem of these. are related to the changes in muscular skeletal system. With aging, people lose. their muscle mass and muscle strength resulting from biological changes and physical inactivity. Studies documented a 30-50% loss of muscle mass in an advanced age and thus, ordinary life activities can be seriously affected due to weakened muscle strength. Preservation of muscle strength of lower limb is especially important in the aged. Since it is readily affected from reduced physical activity in old age, sometimes to the detriment of moving or walking. So muscle strength exercise program designed for the elderly to improve leg muscle strength and leg muscle endurance. The research design used was nonequivalent control group pretest - protest design. The purposes of this study were to test the effect of muscle strength exercise program utilizing Leg Press on muscle strength, muscle endurance, instrumental activities of daily living(IADL), cognitive perceptual variables and quality of life. Forty nine subjects participating in this study consisted of twenty four male and twenty five female. Twenty four experimental group subjects were selected from C-institution in Chung Buk province, and twenty five control group subjects were selected from O-institution in Chung Nam province. The mean age of subjects was 72.8 years. Muscle strength training program utilizing Leg Press for the experimental group was carried out three times a week for 9 weeks. The data was collected from August, 1993 to October, 1993. Data were analyzed with $X^2-test$, t-test, ANCOVA test, Kruskal Wallis 1-Way ANOVA test using SPSS PC program. Results were obtained as follows : 1) The experimental group showed significantly higher scores on muscle strength (leg lift strength, back lift strength and grip strength) and muscle endurance than control group after the experiment $\ulcorner$F=52.35(p=.001), F=54.07(p=.001), F=6.97(p=.011), F=18.17(p=.001)$\lrcorner$ 2) Experimental group were significantly higher scores on IADL than control group(F=7.51, p=.009). 3) Experimental group showed significantly higher scores on economical state and self esteem aspects of the quality of life scale than control group $\ulcorner$F=10.59(p=.002), F=6.97(p=.011)$\lrcorner$. But there were no differences in emotional state, physical and functional state and relationship with reatives in the quality of life between groups. 4) Scores on IADL showed a significant difference with the level of muscle strength and muscle endurance $\ulcornerx^2=7.73(p=.025),\;x^2=8.86\;(p=.011)\lrcorner$ 5) Scores on self esteem and physical and functional state aspects of the quality of life scale showed a significant difference with the level of IADL $\ulcornerx^2=11.39(p=.003),\;x^2=9.02(p=.011)\lrcorner$. 6) Scores of experimental group after the experiment in cognitive perceptual variables (perceived benefit on exercise, perceived health status, self efficacy, emotion on exercise) were significantly higher than those of control group $\ulcorner$F=32.09(p=.001), F=5.07(p=.029), F=20.63 (p=.001), F=30.38(p=.001)$\lrcorner$. As a result of this study, the effect of strength training exercise program with Leg. Press had improved muscle strength, muscle endurance, IADL, and the perception of self esteem, physical and funtional state, and economical state. Thus strength training program could be beneficially applied for the prevention of disablity and promotion of health and wellbeing in the aged easily and safely. The subjects in

시설노인의 골다공증 관련요인 연구

김희자,Kim, Hee-Ja 한국지역사회간호학회 1997 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this study was to measure and determine the relationship of femoral neck and lumbar bone mineral density with their and related factors. It were measured and determined the relationships among bone mineral density, bone mineral content in the lumbar and femoral neck, muscle strength (arm, back, leg), muscle endurance, instrumental activity of daily living (IADL), quality of life, cognitive perceptual variables(self efficacy, perceived health status), age, age at menopausal period. The twenty five subjects participating in this study consisted of twelve males and thirteen females at a C-institution in Chung Buk province. The mean age of subjects was 73.64 years. The data was collected from August, 1993 to September, 1993. The data was analyzed with $x^2-test$, t-test, Correlation, multiple regression using a SPSS pc+ program. 1. The mean femoral neck bone mineral density was $0.636g/cm^2$, 66.7% of young bone mineral density, the mean lumbar($L_2-L_4$) bone mineral density was $0.807g/cm^2$, 79.86% of young bone mineral density. The mean fermoral neck bone mineral content was 2.906g and the mean lumbar bone mineral content was 36.898g. 2. The mean muscle strength was 17.14kg(grip strength), 32.05kg(back lift strength), 17.14kg (leg lift strength) and the mean muscle endurance was 9.92times. 3. Men showed a significantly higher score (p<0.01) in muscle strength and muscle endurance than women, as well as a significantly higher score on self efficacy and perceived health status(p<0.05). 4. The femur neck bone mineral density had a significant correlation(p<0.0l) with leg lift strength, back lift strength, and their was a significant correlations (p<0.05) with arm strength and muscle endurance. Lumbar ($L_2-L_2$) bone mineral density had a significant correlation(p<0.05) with muscle endurance, grip strength and IADL. 5. With the multiple regression analysis the most significant predictor for lumbar bone mineral density were IADL, the most significant predictor for femoral neck bone mineral density was leg strength. This study concluded: As the mean bone mineral density and bone mineral content were low, the aged showed osteopenia. Bone mineral density, muscle strength and IADL were correlated. The aged could pro mote muscle strength, bone mineral density and IADL through Leg Press exercise which was safe and efficient for the aged. This Leg Press exercise contributed to prevention of osteoporosis and promoted the health of the aged.

융합문화시대의 기독교 인공지능 시스템교육

김희자(Hee-Ja Kim) 한국기독교교육정보학회 2014 기독교교육정보 Vol.0 No.40

오늘날의 교육정보처리 기술과 네트워크 기술의 통합으로 모든 교육정보가 디지털화되어 이용 가능하도록 되고 있는 인공지능(Artificial Intelligence: AI) 교육시스템이 기독교교육에도 적용될 수 있을까? 본 연구는 이러한 근본적인 질문에 해답을 모색하기 위하여 융합 환경, 빅데이터, 인공지능 시스템 교육 간의 관계를 체계적으로 살펴보는 것이다. 본 연구문제는 융합 환경의 특성은 어떠하며, 이러한 융합 환경은 궁극적으로 인공지능 시스템 교육의 어떤 기능을 담당할 것인가? 현재 다양한 사례를 살펴볼 때, 융합 환경은 인공지능 시스템 교육의 보완적 기능을 담당하고 있다. 앞으로 기독교교육에 있어서도 융합 환경은 이러한 보완적 기능을 넘어서서 하이브리드 시스템을 통해 인공지능 시스템 교육이 주된 기능을 하고, 아날로그 시스템이 보조 기능할 가능성이 높아졌다. 이러한 융합환경에서 인공지능 시스템의 주된 역할을 하는 빅데이터 체계를 분석적 살펴본 결과, 기독교 인공지능 교육 시스템이 맞춤식 교육을 구현하는 기능을 담당하게 될 가능성을 연구하였다. 마지막으로 새로운 교육 체계로서 인공지능 시스템 교육의 역할과 그 사회적 의미를 분석하였다. The purpose of the study is to explore the reciprocal relationships between convergence environment, big-data, and artificial intelligence system in Christian Education. The convergence educational system would ultimately playing main role through Hybrid intelligence system. Rapidly changing digital educational environment would become possible to integrate educational information processing technology and networking technology in Christian education. For forward-looking of Korean Christian artificial intelligence education system, analysis of Christian big-data would be possible to create the Christian education that is geared to the level and aptitude of each student. The role and social meaning of artificial intelligence system in education have analyzed. The digital Christian textbook, on-line education, targeted education, and cloud service in Christian education need to be developed and produced for Christian artificial intelligence education system possible.

우리나라 兒童의 社會的 成就度에 關한 調査硏究

金喜子(Hee Ja Kim) 서울대학교 보건환경연구소 1974 보건학논집 Vol.11 No.2

한국기독교교육정보학회의 회고와 전망

김희자(Hee-ja Kim) 한국기독교교육정보학회 2010 기독교교육정보 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of the study is to analyze the research trend of Christian Education and information technology by evaluating articles published in Journal of KSCEIT both in English and Korean last 10 years beginning 2000 to 2010, for reviewing the conforming the founding purposes of the KSCEIT and its future perspectives. For analyzing the research trends, total 494 articles (311 articles in 24 volumes of Korean journal, "kidokkyu-kyouyk-jungbo" and 183 articles in 16 volumes of English journal, "Christian Education & Information Technology") were reviewed on the corresponding levels of the four purposes of KSCEIT. Reflecting four purposes; 1) reconstructing the academic status of Korean Christian Education, 2) interconnecting theory and practice for interchanging information between the Christian educator and the practitioner, 3) Interdisciplinary communication between Christian Education and other sciences through critical and cooperative dialogue, 4) Constructing scholar networks and its diffusion in global era (www.ksceit.or.kr). all articles have been reviewed by the research subject, content, and methodology. The results of the study are as follows: first, more theoretical(70.7%) than practical(29.2%) researches have been published; secondly, fairly good interdisciplinary studies (31.5 %) have been conducted; thirdly, international scholarly networking studies (35.5%) have been constructed in 7 countries; fourthly, less conversion with information technology with Christian Education studies (19.3%) have been published. In conclusion, KSCEIT has been contributed tremendously last 10 years through 494 researches in Christian Education with interdisciplinary, international, and information technology in Korean and English journal. For moving forward another 10 years, KSCEIT has been endowed more advanced academic leadership in Christian Education conversion with digital culture, creative capital, and the spirituality of Christian community.

청소년 사역을 위한 온라인 게임중독의 새로운 패러다임 연구

김희자(Hee-Ja Kim) 한국기독교교육정보학회 2007 기독교교육정보 Vol.18 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to suggest new paradigm of game addiction for youth ministry. Game design reinforces the inter-temporal complement for entertaining game through consuming times. The game player initiatively participates eagerly for maximizing excitement through investing time and money. Consequently, game addiction can be called reasonable addiction. Especially in the economic system of an information society, game player organizes the game community through strong tied community, which produces networking effects on game addiction. In conclusion, within current game industry, massive game addictioners are produced by the nature of game mechanism: game level design, cash item trade, and network effects on game addition. H we do not prepare to prevent the game addiction as soon as possible, the whole society have to pay tremendous social costs for recovering game addictions. Preventive approaches for game addiction need to acknowledge the game addiction mechanism.

외국인에 대한 청소년의 사회적 거리감

김희자 ( Hee Ja Kim ) 고려대학교 한국사회연구소 2008 한국사회 Vol.9 No.1

청소년기의 다례교육 연구

김희자 ( Hee Ja Kim ),최배영 ( Bae Young Choi ) 한국문명학회 2004 문명연지 Vol.5 No.3

조찬한, 조위한, 권필이 함께 수창한 연구시(聯句詩) 고찰

김희자 ( Hee Ja Kim ) 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 2015 인문학연구 Vol.52 No.2

조찬한, 조위한 및 권필이 1600년 겨울에 전라도 토천과 황계에서 함께 여러 날을 보내면서 지은 이 聯句詩는 세간에 회자될 만큼 수작이었음을 남용익의 평을 통해 알 수 있다. 연구의 시세계를 해후의 기쁨과 友誼, 전란체험과 비개, 현실인식과 인생관 등으로 나누어 고찰하면서 정치·사회적으로 어수선하였던 17세기를 치열하게 살았던 문인지식인층의 모습과 고민, 시대상 등을 파악할 수 있었다. 친구를 그리워하는 아름다운 우정의 세계와 참혹한 전란의 체험과 비분강개한 심경, 역사에 비추어 시대를 진단하고 비판하면서 은거의 인생관을 형성하게 된 과정들이 고스란히 묘사되어 문단의 풍정을 파악하는데 흥미로운 단서를 제공하였다. 이들 聯句는 당시의 혼란한 시대적 상황을 공감하고 서로의 처지를 교감하며 지은 시이다. 그러하기에 서로 존중하며 소중한 인연을 이어가는 모습과 안타까운 처지를 위로하며 소통하는 모습 등에서 당시 문인사대부들의 정서를 살필 수 있었는데 요즘처럼 경쟁이 치열하고 각박한 사회에서 다시금 지금의 교유관계를 점검해보게 한다. Cho Chan Han, Cho Wi Han, Kwon Pil wrote the antiphonal poem when they spend the time together at the ToChon and WhangGe in 1600 winter. We become to know the antiphonal poem was a great poem through the comment of Nam Yong Ik. If we consider a world of the antiphonal poem as three part , namely first delight and friendship of Meet and division, second experience of war and sadness, Third insight about contemporary insight and life style, We can understand life style, worry, the phase of the time of knowledge person who live intensely in 17 century when they confused politically and socially. The antiphonal poem provides an interesting clue that make to know style of its paragraph because that describes a detail process of forming the view of life of the retired simultaneously while diagnosing a period in the history and criticism, beautiful friendship and disastrous war experience and anger state of mind.