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공기 중 니코틴 포집에 있어 국산 확산포집기와 능동포집기의 비교 평가
김효철,백남원,이경숙,김경란,김원,Kim, Hyo-Cher,Paik, Nam-Won,Lee, Kyung-Suk,Kim, Kyung-Ran,Kim, Won 한국환경보건학회 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.5
It is widely known that Environmental Tobacco Smoke(ETS) is not good for health. ETS is composed of a lot of chemicals. So indicators are needed to evaluate the risk of ETS in air. One of the indicators is Nicotine. Active sampler has been used to measure nicotine concentration in air. The experiments were conducted to compare the active sampler method with diffusive sampler in exposure chamber and smoking areas, respectively. Sampling rate was 40.5 ml/min in exposure chamber. Experimental sampling rate (40.5 ml/min) was more than theoretical sampling rate (33.52 ml/min). And the higher was the concentration in air, the higher was experimental sampling rate. The average desorption, rate was 113.6%. The overall precision was 7.31 %. The overall accuracy was 18.96%, which were under NIOSH criteria. The average(GM) concentrations of nicotine by two sampling methods were $8.29{\mu}g/m^{3}$ (active sampler), $7.54{\mu}/m^{3}$ (diffusive sampler) in smoking area and smoking room. There was no regression between active sampler and diffusive sampler ($R^{2}=0.2397$). But slope, coefficient of determination was 1.017, 0.9292, respectively after removing outliers. And the slope (1.017) was close to the theoretical slope (1). In conclusion, this study indicated that diffusive sampler can be used to evaluate concentration of nicotine in air instead of active sampler.
절화장미 시설하우스에서 방제 작업시 농약의 피부노출 특성
김효철 ( Hyo Cher Kim ),김경란 ( Kyung Ran Kim ),이경숙 ( Kyung Suk Lee ),김경수 ( Kyung Su Kim ),조경아 ( Kyun Ah Cho ) 한국산업위생학회 2007 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.17 No.3
This study was conducted in cut rose cultivation field in Goyang to evaluate pesticide exposure of farmers and the relationship between the exposure and work environment/method for cut rose farmers. Dermal exposure was assessed with patch (thin chromatography layer paper), cotton glove by body parts during mixing and spraying works in which pyrethroid, organophosphate, carbamate pesticide were used in 4 cut rose greenhouses located in Goyang province, checking characteristics of environment/working method at the same time. Body parts assessed were as follows; glove: hand, patch: head, neck(front/back), chest, back, shoulder(right/left), upperarm(right/left), forearm(right/left), thigh(right/left), shin(right/left). Pesticides were analyzed using gas chromatography(NPD/FID) after extracting with ethyl acetate. Exposure amount differed according to pesticide type. But after standardizing with total net weight of pesticide sprayed, there were no significant difference among pesticides. There were significant difference in exposure amount among body parts(especially exposure amount of thigh, shin were more than the others), which means exposure happen not by pesticide dispersion in air but by contact with cut rose(leaf, branch) indirectly. Walking forward during spraying made farmers more exposed than waling backward, these results means contacts with leaves/branches made exposure happen in cut rose greenhouse also. As a result, pesticide exposure in cut rose greenhouse was related with contact of leaf/branch which pesticide remained in, which made exposure pattern (especially exposure amount) differ by body parts.
오이, 참외, 감자 작목에서의 정식, 수확작업시 총분진과 엔도톡신 노출 특성에 관한 연구
김효철 ( Hyo Cher Kim ),이경숙 ( Kyung Suk Lee ),채혜선 ( Hye Seon Chae ),민경두 ( Kyung Ran Kim ),김경란 ( Kyung Doo Min ),박윤석 ( Yoon Suk Park ) 한국산업위생학회 2013 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.23 No.4
Objectives: This study was conducted in order to evaluate personal and area exposure to airborne total dust and endotoxin during harvest and planting tasks at cucumber, yellow melon and potato farms Materials and Methods: Total dust was measured with NIOSH method 0500. Endotoxin were measured using a 37 mm glass fiber filter which was connected to an air pump calibrated to 2 LPM, and then analyzed with a Turbidmetric kinetic method. Results: The average(arithmetic mean) concentrations of total dust in the personal samples were 0.10- 3.81 ㎎/㎥for cucumbers, 0.21-1.19 ㎎/㎥for yellow melon, and 0.08- 2.72 ㎎/㎥for potato. There was a significant difference in the harvest task among the three farm types(p=0.019 of personal sample, p=0.048 of area sample), in which the air concentration for potatoes was higher than with cucumbers and yellow melons. Conclusions: It was found that potatoes(planting and harvest) should be considered the first priority for studying and reducing total dust exposure.
담배농가의 수확, 엮기작업 중 공기 중 니코틴 노출에 관한 연구
김효철 ( Hyo Cher Kim ),이경숙 ( Kyung Suk Lee ),채혜선 ( Hye Seon Chae ),박윤석 ( Yoon Seok Park ),민경두 ( Kyung Doo Min ) 한국산업위생학회 2012 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.22 No.3
Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate personal and area exposure of airborne nicotine during harvest and weaving tasks in tobacco farms. Methods: Nicotine was measured with NIOSH method 2551 and Passive sampler which was validated in previous papers for area and personal sampling. Results: The average (geometric mean) concentrations of nicotine with two different tasks in personal sample were 6.5ug/ m3 (harvest), 32.6 ug/m3 (weaving) and in area sample were 0.8 ug/m3 (harvest), 57.2 ug/m3 (weaving). There was significant difference in area sample between harvest and weaving task (p=0.000). Also, there was significant difference with personal sample (p=0.000). Conclusions: It was found that weaving task should be considered to be the first priority for reducing nicotine exposure.
농업인의 안전활동을 위한 ICT 기반의 농업시설 안전관리 시스템에 관한 연구
김인수(Insoo Kim),김경란(Kyungran Kim),김효철(Hyo-Cher Kim),서민태(Min-Tae Seo),김경수(Kyungsu Kim),고명선(Myungsun Ko) 대한인간공학회 2018 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.37 No.4
Objective: This study proposed a system for safe management of agricultural facilities whereby safety accidents of farmers are prevented from harmful factors of agricultural facilities and relevant hazardous situations, and efficient reaction is made possible when an accident occurs. Background: Recent development of information and communication technology (ICT) brought groundbreaking development of cutting-edge technologies such as the internet of things (IoT) and ubiquitous sensor network, and application of such technologies is expanding to the area of industrial safety. In particular, accidents from the hazardous environment surrounding agricultural facilities, say, from harmful gases, are frequently taking place and therefore development of services for safe farming work is required. Method: This study examined the types of safety accidents related to agricultural facilities occurring during farming work and designed a ICT-based system for safe management of accidents. Results: This study presents a model of such system and the model has the following functions: detection of harmful environment and conditions dangerous to farmers with sensor technologies; communication network technology for prevention of and fast coping with accidents; and user interface aimed at monitoring harmful environment and dangerous situations. Conclusion: The ICT-based system for safe management of agricultural facilities proposed in this study is expected to be applied as an application technology for safe agricultural activities. Application: The outcome of this study will be useful to develop a convergent ICTbased system for the prevention of safety accidents related to agricultural facilities.
비닐하우스 작업자의 서열 스트레스 경감을 위한 보텍스 튜브 적용 냉각조끼 개발 및 평가
김인수(Insoo Kim),김경란(Kyungran Kim),서민태(Min-Tae Seo),박수인(Soo-In Park),차종진(Joung-Jin Cha),김효철(Hyo-Cher Kim),김경수(Kyungsu Kim) 대한인간공학회 2020 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.39 No.1
Objective: This study developed working clothes using a vortex tube device to reduce the thermal stress of greenhouse workers, and evaluated the physiological effects and user satisfaction of the developed cooling vest. Background: During the summer, the inside of greenhouses causes increased physiological burden of workers due to a high temperature and humidity, causing accidents and lowering the work efficiency. As a measure to solve this problem, various working clothes to lower thermal stress have been researched and developed, but there were limitations in the development of working clothes appropriate for high temperature and humidity in greenhouses. Therefore, the development of a new agricultural working clothes is required to prevent thermal stress of workers in a warm environment. Method: To verify the thermal stress reduction effect of the farming vest applying a vortex tube device, a physiological evaluation test was performed for subjects in a climate chamber and greenhouse environment. In addition, the wearing satisfaction and field applicability of the developed working clothes was evaluated by farmers. Results: The results of analyzing the mean physiological reactions by body part in the climate chamber test, the skin temperature, mean temperature in the working clothes, mean humidity, and heartrate of the developed working clothes decreased by 2.9%, 8.1%, 35.5%, and 4.9%, respectively, compared to the existing working clothes. Furthermore, in the greenhouse environment test, the temperature in the working clothes and humidity of the developed working clothes decreased by 8.8% and 12.3%, respectively, compared to the existing working clothes. Furthermore, in wearing sense and user satisfaction survey for farmers in the field evaluation, the respondents showed positive responses. Conclusion: This study verified the effects of the agricultural working clothes applying the vortex tube technology had an effect of thermal stress reduction compared to the existing working clothes and its applicability to the agricultural work environment. Further practical research should be conducted considering the cultivation environment and the size of greenhouse facilities to develop working clothes for various work environments. Application: The results of this study are expected to be utilizable in the field of design of thermal stress reducing working clothes for greenhouse facility farm workers.
서효재 ( Hyo-jae Seo ),오병욱 ( Byung-wook Oh ),김효철 ( Hyo-cher Kim ),서일환 ( Il-hwan Seo ) 한국농공학회 2019 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2019 No.-
국내 육류소비량이 증가함에 따라 축산업이 대형화 및 밀집화되고 있으며, 가축 사육두수는 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 육계의 밀집 사육농가가 증가함에 따라 내부환경 조절은 더욱 어려워지고 있다. 이로 인하여 가축의 폐사율이 증가하며, 축사 내부에서 발생하는 미세먼지와 유해가스의 농도가 증가하고 있다. 농업종사자의 고령화를 고려하였을 때, 농작업시 발생한 고농도의 유기분진에 노출되면 작업자의 호흡기성 질병, 천식, 알러지 등 건강 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 그러나 현재 육계사에서의 미세먼지의 발생 현황 및 농작업자 건강 유해성에 대한 연구는 초기 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 육계사 내부에서 발생하는 미세먼지의 농도를 분석하고, 작업자에 대한 미세먼지의 노출정도를 파악하기 위하여 현장 모니터링을 수행하였다. 현장 실험은 전라북도 김제시, 정읍시, 진안군에 위치한 강제환기식 상업용 육계사들에서 수행하였다. 육계사 내부에서 발생하는 지역적 분진 발생량을 파악하기 위하여 바닥으로부터 1.3m 높이에서 시간가중평균노출기준(TWA)으로 8 시간 동안 TSP, PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>를 포집하였으며, 계사 내부 환경요인에 따른 분진발생량을 분석하기 위하여 온·습도 및 바닥재 함수비를 함께 측정하였다. 계사 내부에서 작업하는 동안 발생하는 입경별 분진농도를 Dust spectrometer로 실시간 측정하였으며, 비디오 분석을 병행하여 특정 작업 시 발생하는 입경 별 분진농도를 분석하고자 하였다. 현장모니터링 데이터는 육계사 내부의 미세먼지 발생량과 작업자 노출정도를 파악하고, 작업환경 및 사육환경 개선을 위한 기초데이터로 활용할 수 있다.