미호천유역 구석기시대 석기 구성의 변화

김환일 ( Hwan Il Kim ) 충북대학교 사학회 2009 忠北史學 Vol.23 No.-

일본 임원보수의 공시 규제에 관한 연구

김환일(Hwan-il Kim) 한국기업법학회 2011 企業法硏究 Vol.25 No.1

Japan has been trying to improve the corporate governance and to reform the disclosure of executive compensation in order to strengthen corporate competitiveness in the progress of globalization. The purpose of this study is to suggest a plan to reform the regulations on executive compensation disclosure in Korean companies through literature study, fact-finding survey and case study on the major status, characteristics and challenges of the Japanese policies and systems on the disclosure of executive compensation. The Financial Services Agency has recently announced a new rules to disclose executive compensation individually, set by the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act that executives receiving more than 100 million yen in executive compensation should disclose their compensation from March 31, 2010. Until that time, according to the executive compensation disclosure rules introduced in 2004, the executive compensation had been only disclosed the amount of total executive compensation. In Japan, the main purpose of executive compensation disclosure regulations is to improve the transparency of corporate management and the interest of shareholders rather than to regulate excessive executive compensation, therefore those compensation policies and plans might be expected to be more systematic. Japanese companies should not simply imitate executive compensation system of developed countries but develop their own executive compensation policies and systems by considering a Japanese company-specific decision-making system and the relevance of executive compensation to maintain their operational strengths and business appropriateness. In conclusion, to strengthen corporate competitiveness, the regulations on executive compensation disclosure in Korea should be more systematically developed likewise Japan and other developed countries, and the social dialogue on this issue is expected to take a large step forward.

대전 용산동 구석기유적 출토 슴베찌르개의 성격

김환일(Kim Hwan il)(金煥逸) 중앙문화재연구원 2006 중앙고고연구 Vol.0 No.2

슴베찌르개는 대전 용산동 구석기유적에서 가장 대표적인 석기로 2,200여 점의 석기 가운데 38점이 분류되었으며 연모의 대부분을 차지하고 있다. 이 글에서는 용산동구석기유적에서 출토된 슴베찌르개를 대상으로 하여 암질과 몸체의 선택, 크기에서 보이는 특정과 제작수법 깨진 상태 등의 속성에서 나타나는 특징을 살펴본 후, 이를 통하여 유적의 성격을 유추하여 보고자 하였다. 1점의 석영암 슴베 조각을 제외한 나머지 슴베찌르개는 모두 혼펠스 돌날로 제작되었다. 길이에 따라서는 두 개의 그룹으로 구분되어 기능의 분화 가능성을 생각해 볼 수 있으며, 슴베의 아래끝부분 너비도 뾰족한 형태와 넓은 것으로 구분되어 자루의 장착방법에 차이가 있었을 것으로 생각된다. 위끝부분의 각도는 중간각으로 이루어져 있다. 슴베찌르개의 도구축과 돌날격지의 타격축은 서로 반대방향을 이루는 것이 관찰되며, 돌날의 상태에 따라 두터운 부분을 슴베로 제작하였음을 알 수 있다. 슴베는 가파른 잔손질을 통하여 직선 또는 오목한 형태로 만들었으며, 1점만이 확인되었지만 슴베의 양쪽이 모두 흠날모양으로 제작된 것이 있어 독특한 형태로 주목된다. 위끝부분의 잔손질은 대부분 한쪽 가장자리에 가파른 각도로 이루어졌으며, 잔손질된 반대편 가장자리는 날카로운 자연날을 그대로 이용하였다. 대부분 완형의 슴베찌르개가 출토되는 다른 유적들과는 달리 용산동 구석기유적에서는 위끝·중간 또는 슴베부분 등이 절단된 상태로 출토된 것이 약 80%에 이른다. 슴베부분이 절단된 것이 가장 많이 나타나며, 단면은 연모 방향과 직각을 이루는 것이 대부분이다, 절단면의 특징으로 보아 제작과정보다는 연모의 사용 후 자루에서 해체하지 않고 유적으로 돌아왔음을 유추할 수 있으며, 용산동 구석기유적이 base camp로서의 기능을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 슴베찌르개에서 나타나는 이러한 특징들은 절대연대측정값과 함께 유적을 이해하는 데에 있어 좋은 자료로 평가되며, 앞으로 슴베찌르개의 제작 및 사용실험이 충분히 이루어지면 좀더 구체적인 양상을 파악할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Yongsan-dong palaeolithic site is located near the Geum river basin and it was excavated twice between 2003 and 2005. Artifacts originating in one cultural layer of the upper paleolithic age is formed earlier than soil-wedge structure and shows comparatively stable space distribution aspect. Stone artifacts are mostly consisted of quartzite and homfels, and other kinds are rarely seen. Excavated artifacts are core, flake, blade, debris, pebble and tool, and tool included tanged point, scraper, awl, chopping-tool, polyhedron and so on. The tanged points from Yongsan-dong Palaeolithic site which were most representative tools, classified thirty-eight pieces, are composed of the most part of tools. This paper studied character of raw material, technique and broken condition through tanged points from Yongsan-dong Palaeolithic site, and guessed specific character of the site. Except for one quarzite tang, the rest of the tanged points were made of homfels. They were divided into two groups in accordance with the length, so we can think about possibility of the functional specialization. It is observed that morphological and debitage axis make the opposite direction. The proximal part and the breadth of tanged points were divided into the pointed and broad type, so we can guess there are differences of the method to attach to the shafts. According to the condition of blade, the tang was made of thick part of blade. The tang was formed into straight or concave type. Although only one item was excavated, it is unique that both side of tang was formed of notch shape. Most retouch of the distal part was made of blunt angle on the single edge. The oppsite edge of retouch used sharp natural edge as it is. Tanged points from Yongsan-dong Palaeolithic site which was excavated almost reached 80% as distal end, mesial part or haft was broken. The most of them was excavated as haft was broken. The cross section meet tool direction at right angles. It is analogized through aspects of cross section that the tanged points came back to the site after using as not dismantled from shafts. According to these aspects, we know Yongsan-dong Palaeolithic site proves the function of base camp. This character of tanged points are estimated good evidences with 14C age to understand the site. From now on, enough experiments of producing and using tanged points will provide us more specific information.

일본 60세 정년연장의 성공과 노사정 역할

김환일(Hwan-Il Kim),김동근(Dong-Geun Kim) 한국기업법학회 2015 企業法硏究 Vol.29 No.1

일본은 세계에서 유례가 없을 정도로 빠른 고령화의 진전, 연금지급 개시 연령의 인상, 고령자의 높은 취업의욕 등을 배경으로 고령자의 고용 확보가 중요한 과제로 되고 있다. 특히 일본에서는 저출산율로 인해 2006년부터 인구감소에 따라 노동력 인구가 감소되어 신규졸업자의 수는 이미 1995년 이후 감소하고 있다. 노동력 인구의 감소를 조금이나마 완화하기 위해 고령자 및 여성의 취업률 상승이 과제로 대두되었다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 ‘고연령자등의 고용안정 등에 관한 법률’이 제정된 이후 여러차례 개정되었다. 일본 기업들은 60세 정년연장에 따라 고령자 고용안정을 위한 인사관리의 개선방안을 마련하는데 많은 노력을 기울려 왔다. 우리나라 경우 일본보다 고령화가 더 빠르게 진행되고 있어 고령화에 대한 대비가 시급하게 필요하다. 일본은 고령화 문제를 세계에서 가장 먼저 경험한 국가로써 향후 초고령 사회에 진입하기까지 이에 대한 기업의 고령자 고용의 대응방안에서 유사한 점이 많아 우리나라 기업에게 시사하는 바가 크다. 본 연구는 60세 정년연장과 고령자 고용을 위한 일본 기업의 인사관리 대응방안을 체계적으로 고찰함으로써 우리나라 기업들이 향후 60세 정년연장과 고령자 고용을 위한 우리나라 기업의 인사관리 대응방안을 마련하는데 있어서 다소나마 도움을 주는데 목적을 두고 있다. On the background of the unprecedented rapid growth of the aged population, the upward settlement of the age for making the first pension payment and the aged persons" high will to work, the promotion of the employment for the middle and old aged persons is critical issue in Japan. Japan suffers from the low fertility and its following decrease in working population since 2006. The number of college graduates has already begun to decline since 1995. In order to mitigate the decrease in workforce, it comes to the social and national task to raise the employment rate among the aged and women. To realize the task more effectively, the Law concerning Stabilization of Employment of Older Persons has been amended several times, and the companies have made efforts to innovate their personnel and pay systems for the employment stabilization of the aged by 60-year-old retired Plan. Korea, as its pace of aging is faster than the one of Japan, is urged to prepare for the aging society. This paper is written to systematically examine how the Japanese companies have dealt with the demographical change in dimension of human resources and wage for 60-year-old retired Plan, and therefore to help Korea companies to build countermeasures on 60-year-old retired Plan.

우리나라 임원보수 공시제도의 문제점과 개선방안

김환일(Hwan-il Kim),김동근(Dong-Geun Kim) 원광대학교 법학연구소 2016 圓光法學 Vol.32 No.4

선진국에서는 오래전부터 과도한 보수 규제 및 경영투명성 제고를 위해 개인별 임원보수 공시제도를 운영하여 왔다. 반면에 우리나라 임원보수 공시제도는 상법상 주주총회에서 정한 보수총액만 공시하여 왔기 때문에 임원보수의 정보를 정확하게 알기 어려웠다. 이에 따라 금융위원회는 주주의 통제와 경영투명성 강화를 위해 2013년 5월 28일 「자본시장과 금융투자업에 관한 법률」(이하, 자본시장법)을 개정하여 5억 이상 임원 개인별 보수를 공시하도록 하여 3년 정도 시행하였다. 그러나 대부분의 상장회사들이 형식적 기재를 하거나 5억 이상 고액연봉의 미등기임원이 포함되지 않은 문제점이 있었다. 이러한 문제의 개선 및 임원보수에 대한 실질적인 공시를 위해 자본시장법이 2015년 3월 29일개정되어 5억원 이상 보수총액 기준 상위 5명의 개인별 보수와 그 구체적인 산정기준 및방법 등에 대해 2018년부터 매년 2회 공시하도록 하고 있다. 개정 자본시장법의 입법 취지가 주주 및 투자자의 통제 기능 강화 및 경영투명성 제고에 의해 기업의 지속가능경영을 실행하는데 있다. 따라서 우리나라 임원보수 공시제도는 이해관계자들뿐만 아니라 사회적 공감대를 얻을 수 있도록 지속적으로 임원 보수수준과 임원 보수체계에 대한 합리적인 개선방안을 마련해야 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 임원보수 공시제도의 문제점을 살펴보고 이에 대한 개선방안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 임원보수의 산정기준과 방법이 명확하게 제시되어야 한다. 둘째, 임원보수 결정의 통제기능이 강화되어야 한다. 셋째, 임원보수의 공시 기준이 합리적으로 조정되어야 한다. 넷째, 임원보수의 공시대상 범위가 확대되어야 한다. 마지막으로 보수관련 상법 규정의 보완이 필요하다. In developed countries, the executive compensation disclosure system for each named individuals has long been operated for regulation of excessive compensation and management transparency. In Korea, the executive compensation disclosure system has been difficult to obtain information on executive compensation accurately because it has only disclosed the total amount of compensation for all executives determined by the general shareholders meeting under the commercial law. Accordingly, The Financial Services Commission revised the Capital Market and Financial Investment Business Act to enhance shareholder control and management transparency on 28 May 2013. By the amended Act, Disclosure of executive compensation for each named individuals 500 million won or more has been conducted for 3 years from 2014. But, most of the listed companies have formally disclosed executive compensation information for each named individuals or have not included non-registered executives who are paid compensation 500 million won or more. This Act was amended for Improvement of these problems and effective disclosures the information of executive compensation for each named individuals on 29 March 2015. Listed companies are required to disclose in their annual report the information of compensation for each named individuals of the 5 highest paid executives(registered and non-registered) and employees more than 500 million won and their specific calculation standards and methods twice a year since 2018. The purpose of the legislation of the revised Capital Markets Law is to implement corporate sustainability management by strengthening control functions of shareholders and investors and enhancing management transparency. Therefore, it is necessary for the disclosure system of executives compensation in Korea to continuously improve the executive compensation level and the executive compensation structure so that they can obtain not only stockholders but also social consensus. In this study, the improvement of the disclosure system of executive compensation in Korea are as follows. First, the criteria and methods for calculating of the executive compensation should be clearly presented. Second, control functions to determine executive compensation should be strengthened. Third, disclosure criteria for executive compensation should be reasonably adjusted. Fourth, the scope of disclosure of executive compensation should be expanded. Finally, commercial law for executive compensation should be supplemented.

졸-겔법에 의한 지르코니아 섬유 제조 및 그 특성

김환,김영정,황규홍,Kim, Hwan,Kim, Young-Jung,Hwang, Kyu-Hong 한국세라믹학회 1986 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Zirconium acetate solution which was obtained from $ZrOCl_2$.$8H_2O$ was condensed polymerized and drawn to fibers by pulling method. Drawn gel fibers fired at 130$0^{\circ}C$ were short porous and mechanically weak. But addition of CaO about 13m/o caused the fibers to have the cubic structure and relatively dense microstructure. In order to clarify the condition for the synthesis of zirconia fibers viscosity measurement DTA-TG analysis X-ray diffraction infrared spectroscopy, SEM and specific surface area were studied.

고순도 지르코니아 분말의 합성 및 그 특성 (조립방법에 따른 성형 및 소결 특성)

김환,이종국,김주영,황규홍,Kim, Hwan,Lee, Jong-Kook,Kim, Ju-Young,Hwang, Kyu-Hong 한국세라믹학회 1988 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Ccompaction and sintering behavior of highly pure PSZ powders were investigated by laying the stress on the granulation processes. The particle size of coprecipitated PSZ powder was so fine that the agglomeration was severely formed during drying and calcing step and by this agglomeration differential sinering was occurred. The methanol dispersion of precipitates was the good method of avoiding severe agglomeration formed during drying process because of small surface tension than water. But perfect deagglomeraton was not possible due to high surface area of powders. So homogenization by granulation was needed, and among the method spray granulation was the most desirable to obtain homogeneous compacts and subsequent flaw-free ceramics.

유전자알고리즘을 이용한 교류서보전동기의 PI 제어기에 관한 연구

김환,박세승,최연옥,조금배,김평호,Kim, Hwan,Park, Se-Seung,Choi, Youn-Ok,Cho, Geum-Bae,Kim, Pyoung-Ho 한국조명전기설비학회 2006 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.20 No.7

Recently, G.A studies have studied and demonstrated that artificial intelligence like G.A networks, G.A PI controller. The design techniques of PI controller using G.A with the newly proposed teaming algorithm was presented, and the designed controller with AC servo motor system. The goal of this paper is to design the AC servo motor using genetic algorithm and to control drive robot. And in this paper, we propose a genetic algorithms approach to find an optimal or near optimal input variables for genetic algorithm PI controller. Our experimental results show that this approach increases overall classification accuracy rate significantly. Finally, we executed for the implementation of high performance speed control system. It is used a 16-bit DSP, IMS320LF2407, which is capable of the high speed and floating point calculation. 유전자 알고리즘은 지금까지의 방법으로써는 해결이 곤란한 문제에 대해서 실용상의 최적해를 랜덤하고 빠르게 찾는 방법으로서 사용되어 왔으며, 종래의 검색 알고리즘과 달리 검색 공간 중 하나의 점뿐만 아니라 많은 점을 동시에 고려하기 때문에 국부 최소점(local minima)점에 수렴되는 현상을 극복할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 목적 함수에 연속미분조건이 없으며 다수의 변수들을 하나의 문자열로 부호화(coding)함으로써 병렬연산 및 동시최적화가 가능한 유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 PI제어기를 교류서보전동기에 적용하여 작업환경변화에 능동적으로 대응하는 제어방법을 제안하였으며 산업현장에서의 로보트 액추에이터 등의 응용과 정밀제어를 실현하기 위한 교류서보전동기의 드라이버에 적용할 수 있는 제어기를 구현하고자 한다.

일본 기업의 집행임원제도에 관한 연구

김환일(Hwan-Il Kim) 한국기업법학회 2008 企業法硏究 Vol.22 No.1

The purpose of this study is to introduce the plan of executive officer system into Korea, which is resulted from the reform of board of directors(BOD) system in Japanese companies. Executive officer is a person who represents his or her function in executing the corporate management policy under the supervision and control of the board of directors. In 1997, Sony company first introduced the executive officer among Japanese enterprises. Now many Japanese companies are trying to change their traditional corporate governance system, in which auditors(the board of auditors) were streamlined, into the US corporate governance system, which includes the reduction of the size of the board of directors and the introduction of executive officers. In conclusion, This study aims at cultivating the possibility to invite the Japanese executive officer system into Korean companies.

혈액종양 : 원발 부위 불명암으로 발현된 호르몬 수용체 음성의 전이성 유방암 1예

김환일 ( Hwan Il Kim ),이강원 ( Kang Won Lee ),유은상 ( Eun Sang Yu ),김홍준 ( Hong Jun Kim ),송지영 ( Ji Young Song ),전지호 ( Ji Ho Jeon ),서재홍 ( Jae Hong Seo ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회지 Vol.89 No.6

A 37-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy that developed after delivery. An axillary lymph node biopsy revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the tumor cells expressed c-ErbB-2, but were negative for the estrogen and progesterone receptors. No definite evidence of breast cancer was detected. The patient underwent chemotherapy for suspected metastatic breast cancer. She complained of swelling in the left breast 22 months later, and a biopsy showed invasive ductal carcinoma. Here, we report a case of hormone receptor-negative occult breast cancer in a patient with cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy presenting as a cancer with an unknown primary site. (Korean J Med 2015;89:728-732)