진열장 조명의 이론적 기준과 시설에 대한 고찰

김홍범,Kim, Hong-Bum 국립문화재연구소 1996 保存科學硏究 Vol.17 No.-

There have been many studies and experiments regarding exhibition lighting. Many experiments on photochemical damaging effect and visibility resulted in a practice limited to assigning light levels and adjusting annual exposure time. The three damaging factors to the artifacts are intrinsicsusceptibility to absorb radiant energy, spectral distribution of light source and intensity of illumination and time of exposure. Dividing all the artfacts into three categories to suggest a recommended illuminance level causes some problems. Blue wool, for example, used as the reference material for susceptibility, is not a standard material representing museum artifacts. In the most light sensitive category, ISO class I or anything below have been excluded. The exposure time of one soure can be three times more than another sourece. The spectral distribution of the light source and the relative spectral responsibility of the artifact are not considered in the practice. So in case of very light sensitive material, the recommended illuminance is only the referring value and it is indispensable to check the characteristic of susceptibility of each artifacts. Daylighting is prevailing method to solve the psychological need of the visitors. However, it sould transparent, and should not diffused, and the green-house effect must be considered. llluminance uniformity should based on the maximum illuminance to handle the limitation of exposure for the conservation of a large sensitive object such as a painting. Damage index is not absolute reference for selecting the lighting source because it is experimented from the paper of low grade then calculated. Visibility should be increased by reducing the visual noiseand by planning of appropriate luminance contrast. This paper reviews the problems with the previous studies and experiment sand the current exhibition lighting design practice. The plan for museum showcase lighting is to check the susceptibility and to raise the visibility simultaneously.

전시물의 변색 예측을 이용한 박물관 조명기준의 작성

김홍범,김훈,권세혁,Kim, Hong-Bum,Kim, Hoon,Kwon, Sae-Hyuk 한국조명전기설비학회 1996 조명.전기설비 Vol.10 No.6

박물관에서는 조명에 의한 전시물의 손상을 최소화하고 관객의 인식의 편의성을 증진시키기 위하여 적절한 조명 기준이 요구된다. 기준의 작성을 위하여 각국의 박물관 조명 기준을 분석하였다. 우리나라 고유의 유물에 대한 변색 특성을 측정한 결과를 이용하여, 각종 광원에 의해 눈에 뜨이는 변색이 일어나는 적산조도를 계산하고 ISO등급에 따른 분류에 수행하였다. 조명기준을 만드는 데에 필요한 여러 가지 고려 사항과 이 사항들에 대하여 결정을 내리는 과정을 서술하였다. 최종적으로 국내의 박물관에 적용할 수 있는 조명기준을 제시하였다. An appropriate lighting standard for the museum is needed to minimize the deterioration of the exhibits by the light and to increase the ease of perception of visitors. To make the standard, museum lighting recommendations of several countries were analyzed. Using measured color change characteristics of Korean traditional artifacts, illuminance-hours for the artifacts with noticeable color change were calculated for various light sources, and the artifacts were classified into ISO levels. Considerations for making lighting standard and the proceedings to make a decision for the considerations were described. Finally, lighting standard which can be applicable to Korean museum was presented.

박물관의 조명환경 계획에 대한 소고

김홍범,Kim, Hong-Bum 국립문화재연구소 1995 保存科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

In this paper the fundamental elements relevant to schematic daylighting design for museum are discussed and suggested. The illuminance difference between outdoor and exhibition space in consideration of the constraints necessary for the conservation of artifacts can be solved by conversion into Luminance. Also it is considered that transition zone in two stages should be provided for adaption before entering exhibition space and overall luminance within the visual field along viewing circulation should be balanced including the apertures designed for introducing the daylight or visual linking.

한국의 관료조직과 금융감독

김홍범 ( Hong Bum Kim ) 한국금융연구원 2005 韓國經濟의 分析 Vol.11 No.3

한국의 거시건전성정책체계 설계: 2-단계 최소접근법

김홍범 ( Hong-bum Kim ) 한국금융학회 2016 금융연구 Vol.30 No.4

이 글은 우리나라의 현실에 적합한 거시건전성정책체계의 설계를 목적으로 한다. 제Ⅱ장에서는 일국의 거시건전성정책을 전담하기에 적합한 당국, 또는 적어도 동 정책에서 주된 역할을 맡기에 적합한 당국이 다름 아닌 중앙은행이라는 관련 문헌의 표준적 결론을 조명한다. 또한, 거시 건전성정책의 주체가 중앙은행인지 여부를 포함한 몇몇 특징적 측면에서 서로 차별화되는 여러 이론 모형에 대해서도 살펴본다. 이와 같은 일반적 논의를 토대로, 제Ⅲ장은 우리나라의 구체적 현실을 십분 고려한 2-단계 최소접근법에 따라 법정 2자 협의체(가칭 `거시건전성정책협의회`)를 한국의 거시건전성정책체계 모형(안)으로 제시한다. 동 협의회는 거시건전성정책의 두 핵심 당국으로 널리 간주되는 중앙은행(한국은행)과 금융감독당국(금융위원회·금융감독원)으로 구성된다(최소 접근). 이는 정책당국 사이에 “수직적 기관 위계(vertical institutional hierarchy)”가 지배하는 우리 사회의 유교문화적 전통을 감안하여 정부(기획재정부)를 배제함으로써, 한국은행과 감독당국 간 “기능적 협력과 수평적 견제”를 촉진하기 위한 것이다. 또한, 동 협의체는 준비단계를 거쳐 완성 단계로 진입하는 점진적 접근을 따른다(2-단계 접근). 한국은행이 “대응의지” 및 “대응역량”을 배양할 수 있으려면, 그리고 두 정책당국이 상호 협력 및 조정의 경험을 통해 선의의 경쟁 속에 각기 나름의 성과를 축적할 수 있으려면 준비 단계가 반드시 필요하기 때문이다. 제Ⅳ장은 결론으로 2자 협의체 모형의 잠재적 강점 및 한계를 논의한다. The formal institutional framework for macroprudential policy is yet to be created in Korea. Although Korea has been operating for years a couple of informal channels for discussion of major themes in its macroeconomy and finance including macroprudential policy issues relating to systemic risk and financial stability, recent evidence shows that they cannot be relied upon at all to serve the role of the macroprudential policy authorities. This stands in s contrast to the fact that many countries each have already been formally operating their own institutional arrangements for macroprudential policy, on the heels of the global financial crisis. This paper aims at designing the Korean institutional framework for macroprudential policy that should meet the basic requirements for the effective conduct of macroprudential policy and, at the same time, be adequately attuned to the institutional realities in Korea. In order to do so, Section II provides a literature review, which leads us to the finding that central banks are generally expected either to be charged with macroprudential policy as the competent authority or to play at least an important role therein. The emphasis given to the role of central banks reflects the general understanding that the effective conduct of macroprudential policy requires “a strong institutional framework” that should be built on both the “willingness to act” and the “ability to act.” Further, several typologies of stylized theoretic models found in the literature are briefly reviewed and discussed. On the basis of this literature review and in full consideration of institutional realities in Korea, Section III of the paper comes up with a two-step minimalist approach in its exploration of an appropriate model that should suit Korea properly and effectively. As a result, the paper finds one in the two-party council, tentatively titled the Macroprudential Policy Council (MaPC), in which participate the Bank of Korea (BOK) as the cental bank on one hand, and both the Financial Services Commission (FSC) and the Financial Supervisory Service (FSS) as the prudential regulator on the other. Note that in line with the paper`s minimalist approach MaPC consists of the two core authorities including BOK and FSC/FSS, with the Ministry of Finance and Strategy (MOSF) excluded. This feature is embedded in the model in view of the deep-rooted Confucianist cultural tradition in Korea where “the vertical institutional hierarchy” has long been entrenched. As long as the macroprudential policy framework is mandated to deal with the prevention side of crisis only, the two parties will suffice. In addition, this minimalist approach will contribute to mitigating effectively such inherent tendencies as “group-think” to which multi-agency councils are deemed vulnerable. The two-party council may well have considerable significance in the sense that it can be interpreted to be a natural arrangement resulting from the process of institutional evolution, as was evidenced in case of the Council for Cooperation on Macroprudential Policy that existed, though briefly, in Sweden for a couple of years back in 2012 and 2013. Note also that in line with the paper`s two-step approach MaPC is designed to take its first step to the beginning stage which allows each participant to buy enough time to get adjusted and prepared before taking its second step to move on to the completion stage. This feature importantly reflects the fact that BOK currently leaves much to be improved in terms of its willingness and ability to act, whereas FSC, along with the FSS, needs to learn how to cooperate and coordinate with BOK in macroprudential policy. In the first stage, BOK is left with few policy tools of its own to be used distinctively for the macroprudential policy purposes, while FSC/FSS, in their capacity of microprudential policy authorities, own and control most macroprudential tools. In the second stage, however, a few cyclical macroprudential tools could be assigned to BOK, which is generally expected to hold comparative advantage in analyzing and dealing with, if anything, the cyclical dimension of systemic risk. What is particularly unique about MaPC lies in a couple of specific rules that govern its modus operandi. The Council is supposed to apply either the `consultation` rule or the `positive endorsement` rule, depending on whether a proposed item on the agenda one party submits to MaPC for discussion is to request, via consultation, the other to act, or to seek positive endorsement from the other so as to carry out one`s own plan to act. Once it is either consulted or positively endorsed as the case may be, the submission will have become a recommendation issued in public by the Council with its addressee being obliged to `comply or explain`. Considering that most policy tools are in the hands of the financial supervisory authorities, these specific rules governing MaPC are contrived mainly for the purpose of ensuring BOK to exert checks and balances effectively upon FSC/FSS. Finally provided in Section IV are conclusive remarks on potential merits and limits of the institutional framework which this paper has proposed.

우리나라 금융감독체계 개편

김홍범(Hong-Bum Kim) 한국경제연구학회 2013 한국경제연구 Vol.31 No.4

이 글은 우리나라 현행 금융감독체계의 주요 논점(문제점)을 다음과 같이 다섯 가지로 집약하고 각각에 대해 해법을 제시한다. 논점 해법 ? 감독정책ㆍ감독집행의 기관 분리 ⇒ 금융위ㆍ금감원 통합에 의한 단일 공법인화 ? 금융감독ㆍ금융정책의 기관 통합 ⇒ 감독기구(공법인)에서 금융정책을 분리 ? 금융소비자 보호의 취약성 ⇒ 감독기구 내부에 쌍봉 지배구조 확립 ? 거시건전성 감독체계의 부재 ⇒ 한국은행-감독기구 간 거시건전성 감독 분장 ? 금융안정 협의체/회의체의 부재 ⇒금융안정협의회/금융안정위원회 설치ㆍ운영 이상의 검토과정에서, 이 글은 다음 두 가지 점을 논증한다. 첫째, 우리나라 감독체계 개편의 핵심은 특정 감독모형의 선택에 있는 것이 아니라 어떤 감독모형이든 그 모형의 운영을 좌우하는 외생적 왜곡요인의 제거에 있다. 둘째, 정부가 상기 5개 문제점을 모두 다루는 전반적 개편을 추진하는 것이 아니라 금융소비자보호감독기구의 신설과 같이 대중적 가시성이 높고 이행하기 쉬운 메뉴만을 선택적으로 골라 부분 개편을 추진하는 데 그친다면, 이는 기존 구조 왜곡과 상호작용하여 결과적으로는 바람직하지 못한 결과를 초래할 것으로 우려된다. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the institutional structure of financial supervision in Korea. Presented and discussed are five key issues and their respective solutions relating to reforming its current structure: ㆍInstitutional separation between financial supervisory policymaking(FSC:Financial Supervisory Commission)and its execution(FSS: Financial Supervisory Service) ⇒ Merge FSC into FSS to become a unified prudential supervisor asa special and non-governmental public entity. ㆍInstitutional combination of the financial industrial policy functions and the financial supervisory functions ⇒ Separate the financial industrial policy functions from the unified prudential supervisor and transfer them to the Administration. ㆍVulnerabilities in financial consumer protection ⇒ Deliver twin-peaks within the unified prudential supervisor. ㆍMacro-prudential policy regime yet to be formalized ⇒ Let there be division of labor between the Bank of Korea and the unified prudential supervisor such that the former be responsible for the analysis and judgment of systemic risk while the latter, for the choice and operation of the relevant instrument(s). ㆍThe consultative forum for financial stability and the decision-making body for financial stability, each yet to be set up ⇒ Establish and operate in normal times the Financial Stability Forum to share information and to discuss relevant issues; and establish and operate upon crisis the Financial Stability Committee for crisis management. The paper puts forward a fundamental viewpoint that the essence of the reform on the financial supervisory system in Korea does not lie in choosing between specific models of financial supervision, say between twin-peaks and integrated ones, but in removing the structural distortions which were implanted into the system in the early 2000s and have so far been working as the drivers influencing the modus operandi of the system. Further, the paper constructs a hypothetical example to demonstrate that a partial reform, which only involves choosing a menu of higher public visibility and political feasibility, say newly establishing the consumer financial protection supervisor, would only prove to be a change for the worse.

금융규제감독의 경과와 개선 과제

김홍범 ( Hong Bum Kim ) 한국금융연구원 2007 금융연구 Vol.21 No.S

1997년 금융위기 이전, 한국의 금융시스템은 각종 기능·권한이 재정경제부로 쏠려 있는 집중구조였다. 그러나 위기 발생 직후, 광범한 지배구조 개혁이 추진 되었다. 이는 재경부의 정책권한 독점과 견제·균형 부재가 위기의 발생과 증폭에 작용했다는 인식에 따른 것이었다. 그 결과, 한국은행과 금융감독위원회 등이 각기 고유 기능을 수행하는 새로운 분업구조로 금융시스템이 바뀌었다. 이후 10년이 지났다. 그 동안 감독정책의 품질이 눈에 띄게 개선되긴 했다. 하지만 질적 개선이 온전하게 감독 효율로 연결되지는 않고 있다. 금융시스템이 외형상 분업구조이긴 해도 실질적으로는 집중구조나 다름없이 운영되고 있기 때문이다. 바로 여기서 우리나라의 감독 부실화 경향이 비롯된다. 그 좋은 예가 수년 전 경험했던 카드사태이다. 이 글은 지난 10년 간 규제감독의 경과를 정리·평가한 후, 한국 금융감독의 부실화 메커니즘을 제시하고 그 현실적 타당성을 특히 정책당국(재정경제부)의 공공정책 형성과정의 투명성 실태에 초점을 맞춰 확인한다. 나아가, 이 글은 감독 지배구조의 개선방안으로 공적 민간(비정부) 감독기구론을 재조명하고 금융의 미래 청사진을 정립할 선진국형 민간위원회의 구성을 제언한다. Until the financial crisis struck the Korean economy severely in 1997, major financial policy functions and powers had been concentrated at the Ministry of Finance and Economy (MOFE). With a broad regulatory governance reform introduced upon the crisis, the monetary policy function and the financial supervisory policy function were separated from MOFE and transferred instead to the Bank of Korea and the Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC), respectively. Being driven by recognition that MOFE`s monopolization of policy powers, together with the absence of institutional checks and balances, led to the generation and magnification of the crisis, the reform was intended to turn the financial system to a regime based upon functional division of labor among various public agencies concerned. Ten years have passed since. Meanwhile, regulatory measures have visibly improved at least in terms of substance. Apparently, a good part of this improvement fails to be reflected in enhanced supervisory efficiency, however. This is mainly due to the fact that the supervisory modus operandi under the current regime has been all the same as it was under the pre-crisis monopoly regime of MOFE. Hence originates the inherent tendency toward supervisory failure. Wide-spread prudential problems of credit-card companies during 2003~2004 were a good case in point. After a brief review of the regulatory policy measures introduced for the last ten years, the paper comes up with the sequential mechanism leading to supervisory failure, in which regulatory governance vulnerabilities, embedded in institutions and cultures of supervisory government bureaucrats, are crucially at work. We also present a case study to discuss a lack of transparency observed during public policy formation as evidence in support of the empirical relevance of the mechanism. Finally, we argue that attempts at better regulatory governance begin with merging FSC and FSS (Financial Supervisory Service) to set up a non-governmental supervisory agency with a special legal status and that an independent ad-hoc committee be appointed to present the broad long-run vision for the future financial landscape in Korea, together with the credible action plans to reach it.

호텔내 부서와 직급에 따른 식음료 위생관리기준의 중요도 차이에 관한 연구

김홍범(Hong bum Kim),이상미(Sang mi Lee) 한국외식경영학회 2000 외식경영연구 Vol.3 No.2

The purpose of this study is to increase perception about safety food and sanitation as finding perceptional sanitation difference according to F&B service staff's position (manager and entry levels) and workplace (hall and kitchen) in the the hotels, and to prepare for efficient solution. The results are as followed; the first, employee health control, is showed important factors such as "working behavior & habits of staffs", "proper working management" and "handling habits of food and dishes" in the workplace. The second, furniture & equipment item,, is showed important factors such as "facilities", "dishes & pots", "knife, cutting board and hand towel", "kitchenwares" and "insect are control" in the workplace. The findings of their position are showed by following: the first, temperature & others item, is showed important factors such as "first handling", "first handling, second storing" to the manager in the kitchen & hall, but "storing before serve" to the manager only in the hall. The second, employee health control, is showed considerable factors such as "washing hand" to the manager in the hall, "personal clue & costume" to the manager in the both area. The third, furniture & equipment item, is showed important factors such as "washing hand " to the manager in the hall, "dishes & pots", "knife, cutting board & hand towel" and "sanitation of working place" to the both managers. Therefore, there are efficient solutions for safety food and sanitation management such as using real name who made food, controling in and out door about outsiders except chefs, and organizing for sanitation management team itself.

한국의 자금세탁방지제도: 법률에 대한 검토

김홍범 ( Hong Bum Kim ) 한국경제학회 2003 經濟學硏究 Vol.51 No.1

In Korea, the anti-money laundering laws are the only basis that may affect the level of the anti-money larndering activities. It is because social infrastructure for the hindrance of money launedring activities is yet to be built. This paper attempts to show that the anti-money laundering activities generated on the basis of the current anti-money laundering laws may fall short of the social optimum in Korea. We use a model of cost-benefit analysis to provide a general rationale for a country to be introduced to such laws. We then critically review the laws in Korea, raising a variety of issues for concern. The current laws are also found to comply fully with only 12 out of the 28 Recommendations of the FATF that require specific actions. All these features contribute to laxity of the current laws. In these circumstances, the socially optimal level of anti-money laundering activities may not be attained in Korea.

패밀리 레스토랑의 브랜드 이미지와 자산가치 제고방안에 관한 연구

김홍범(Hong Bum Kim),이상미(Sang Mi Lee) 한국호텔관광학회 2000 호텔관광연구 Vol.2 No.2

The purpose of this study are to find out what`s the most important factors to be considered when the customer select the family restaurant and to suggest the marketing strategies for increasing the brand equity through general characteristics of family restaurants and demographic method The findings are as follows: the first, quality of the food, excellent service and atmosphere which give impacts in the brand image are very vital for selecting restaurant. The second, easy to remember for the restaurant`s brand name is showed very important factor in the brand equity analysis. The third, excellent service of the service staffs and promotion had much relationship with quality of the food and advertising in the family restaurant. In other word, accumulation of brand equity will be accomplish through service staffs who could change intangible asset to tangible asset, and continuous advertisement. The fourth, awareness, quality of the food and loyalty which are heavy factors to increase the brand equity, should be maintained through the marketing and consumer -oriented vision. The last, especially brand association and advertisement among the brand equities have much effect on the revisit in the restaurant. So marketers of the food service industries make them deeply indwell in the consumer`s mind with using direct and indirect marketing positioning tools.