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김홍매 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2019 외국학연구 Vol.- No.50
The Korean polysemic adverb “jal” has fifteen definition entries in the dictionary. The word has various and significant aspects compared to other adverbs, which makes understanding and acquiring the word difficult for learners. From a comparative analysis between Korean and Chinese, the complicated relationship in which one Korean expression corresponds to many Chinese expressions can be confusing to the students. This result in many errors when using the corresponding expression in Chinese for the adverb “jal” as learners presume based on a Korean-Chinese dictionary. Rather than examining the Chinese corresponding expressions for each of the fifteen definition entries of the adverb “jal,” the present study examines the Chinese corresponding expressions by categorizing the adverb “jal” as adverb of manner, result, frequency, and evaluation. The Korean adverb of manner “jal” in most cases corresponds to Chinese adverbs, while the Korean adverb of result “jal” corresponds to Chinese complements of result or complements of degree. Furthermore, the Korean adverb of frequency “jal” corresponds to Chinese adverbs related to the quantity of events, while the Korean adverb of evaluation corresponds to Chinese adverbs of degree. In Korean, verbs and adverbs composed of the morpheme “jal” as in “jal X” is one word; however, the Chinese expression equates the expression in Chinese for the adverb “jal.” By examining the Korean adverb “jal” and the corresponding expressions in Chinese, this study provides foundation to educational materials for the Korean polysemic adverb “jal” for Chinese Korean learners.
김홍매 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2017 외국학연구 Vol.- No.42
The present study examines how ‘很会’ and ‘很能’ in modern Chinese can signify [evaluation], [prediction], and [frequency]/[usability]. For the discussion of ‘很会’ and ‘很能’, the paper first examines examples from the corpus material; based on the components following ‘很会’, the examples are categorized as: ‘很会’, ‘很会+N’, ‘很会+a’, and ‘很会+VP’. Furthermore, depending on the component attached to ‘很能’, the examples are categorized as: ‘很能’ and ‘很 能+VP’. The paper analyzes the significance of these different categories. Through the analysis of ‘很会’ and ‘很能’ based on the corpus, the sentence or illocution of ‘很会’ and ‘很能’ can largely be categorized into three areas: [evaluation], [prediction], and [frequency]/[usability]. However, the signifying and functional dimensions of these three functions differ greatly for them to be a meaning alternation within context. This is because the semantic classifications in which ‘很会’ and ‘很能’ take effect are different. Therefore, depending on how the classification scopes for ‘很会’ and ‘很能’ are set, the distribution and function can be predicted and categorized. Through this method, ‘很会’ and ‘很能’ can fall into three classifications. Base on those classifications, ‘很会’ and ‘很能’ in [evaluation] regard fact as the scope; ‘很会’ and ‘很能’ in [prediction] regard proposition as the scope and take the speaker into consideration; and ‘很会’and ‘很能’ in [frequency]/[usability] regard fact as the scope. The present study analyzes these aspects.
김홍매 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2018 외국학연구 Vol.- No.46
The present study analyzes the significance of exclamatory sentence structure ‘多不X’ in modern Chinese language. Through a corpus analysis, this study examines the significant characteristics of the ‘不X’ in the exclamatory sentence structure ‘多不X’ and the ‘多不X’ sentence structure. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, for the discussion on the exclamatory sentence structure ‘多不X’, the present study separately categorized the ‘不X’ that comes after the exclamatory adverb ‘多’ into word and phrase categories based on the example sentences of the corpus. It also examined whether ‘X’ is used also in the ‘多X’ exclamatory sentence structure. The results of the analysis indicate that ‘不X’ mostly represents a negative significance, regardless of being used as a word or a phrase. Among the uses, in the cases of the adjective ‘X’ and the verbal phrase ‘X’ that are used in ‘不X’ can modify to the highest degree adverb ‘最’, then they can be used in the exclamatory sentence structure ‘多X’; when they cannot be modified to ‘最’, then they cannot be used in the exclamatory sentence structure ‘多X’. Furthermore, when the adjective ‘X’ is examined, it is more frequently used to indicate the subjective quality of the situation or condition that the person or the object is in, rather than the objective quality of the person or the object. Second, to analyze the significance of the exclamatory sentence structure ‘多不X’, the examples of ‘不好意思’ which has a high usage frequency for ‘不X’ among the example sentence materials of the corpus were extracted, and the syntactic distribution of the exclamatory sentence structure ‘多不X’ was also analyzed. The results showed that the exclamatory sentence structure ‘多不X’ can constitute an independent exclamatory sentence, or it can be used as a predicate and as a complement within an exclamatory sentence. Furthermore, when exclamatory sentences are categorized into delivery exclamatory sentences and monologue exclamatory sentences, the exclamatory sentence composed with the exclamatory sentence structure ‘多不X’ is used in both delivery and monologue exclamatory sentences.