Furnace Atomizer를 이용(利用)한 미량혈액중(微量血液中) Pb검출(檢出)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

김형석,박양원,구도서,Kim, Hyung-Suk,Park, Yang-Won,Koo, Do-Seu 대한예방의학회 1982 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.15 No.1

To determine Pb level in blood, we usually .used to pull out about 5ml blood from venous vessel and this sample was digested with acids to decompose organic matter and then determined the Pb contents by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer with flame. But recent trend in quan titating Pb in small amount of sample is very much recommended in clinical chemistry specially pediatrics, and industrial hygiene and occupational health area. Authors tried to determine Pb contents in small amount blood of $25{\mu}l$ by using capillary tube method and got the possibility of determination of ng amount of Pb in $25{\mu}l$ whole blood sample without any pretreatment of sample.

식생생장 영향을 고려한 하도변화에 대한 수치모의

김형석,박문형,우효섭,Kim, Hyung Suk,Park, Moon Hyeong,Woo, Hyo Seop 응용생태공학회 2014 Ecology and resilient infrastructure Vol.1 No.2

In this study, the numerical simulation regarding the process and characteristics of topography change due to the vegetation recruitment and growth was carried out by adding the vegetation growth model to two-dimensional flow and sediment transport models. The vegetation introduction and recruitment on the condition for developing an alternate bar reduced the bar migration. The vegetated area and channel width changes were more significantly influenced by changes in upstream discharge rather than the duration of low flow. When the upstream discharge decreased, the vegetation area increased and the channel width decreased. The vegetation introduction and recruitment on the condition for developing a braided channel significantly influenced the characteristics of topography changes. In the braided channel, vegetation reduced the braided index, and when the upstream discharge decreased significantly, the channel topography was changed from the braided channel to the single channel. The vegetation area decreased as the upstream discharge increased. The channel width decreased significantly after the vegetation was introduced and it also decreased as the upstream discharge decreased. It was confirmed through the numerical simulation that a decrease in flood discharge accelerated the vegetation introduction and recruitment in the channel and this allowed to confirm its influence on the characteristics of topography changes qualitatively. 본 연구에서는 2차원 흐름/유사이동 모형에 식생생장모형을 추가하여 하도의 식생 활착 및 성장에 의한 지형변화 과정과 특성을 수치모의 하였다. 교호사주가 발달하는 조건에서 식생 이입 및 활착은 사주의 이동을 감소시켰다. 식생면적 및 하폭의 변화는 저유량 지속시간보다 상류유량 변화에 더 크게 영향을 받았다. 상류유량이 감소하면 식생면적은 증가하고 하도폭은 감소하였다. 망상하도가 발달하는 조건에서 하도내 식생 이입 및 활착은 지형변화 특성에 크게 영향을 미쳤다. 망도하도에서 식생은 망상의 수를 감소시키고 결국 상류유량이 크게 감소하면 하도지형을 망상하도에서 단일수로로 변화시켰다. 식생면적은 상류유량이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 하도폭은 식생 도입 후 급격히 줄어들었고 상류유량 감소와 함께 감소하였다. 수치모의를 이용하여 홍수량 감소가 하도 내의 식생 이입 및 활착을 가속시키고 이로 인해 하도변화 특성에 미치는 영향을 정성적으로 확인할 수 있음을 보였다.

서울시내(市內) 10개(個) 약수(藥水)의 수질오염(水質汚染)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

김형석,구도서,박양원,Kim, Hyung-Suk,Koo, Do-Suh,Park, Yang-Won 대한예방의학회 1977 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.10 No.1

We are calling the erupting ground water as drugwater or mineral water in Korea and thinking those water is good for health from ancient. But most of them were used by mountainer as drinking water and food making water. Authors tried to investigate the evidence of contamination by user on the 10 erupting ground water and gained following results: 1. All of the mineral, waters on 10 area in Seoul were unfitable to drinking water standard. 2. In the view of the bacteriology 80% were contaminated by coliform group. 3. The highest value of the free carbon dioxide contents were 652.96 ppm at Sam Sun Mineral Water.

Cu 와 Cd 이 녹조류의 (綠藻類) 생장에 미치는 영향

김형석,박양원 ( Hyung Suk Kim,Yang Won Park ) 한국하천호수학회 1975 생태와 환경 Vol.8 No.3·4

Generally CuSO₄ was known as a algae growth inhibitor and some scientist reported on the influence of the Cd^(++) on algae growth. Authors tried to investigate the effect of Cd and CuSO₄ on the algae which is growing in Kyung Hee University pond and gained following results: 1. The cadmium concentration of 1,000 ppb has inhibited perfectly the growth of algae which is growing in Kyung Hee University pond. 2. The inhibitory concentration of CuSO₄ on algae growth was 1.5 ppm.

필터 블록을 이용한 하천용수 취수시스템의 유량특성에 관한 실험적 연구

김형석,박문형,김원,Kim, Hyung Suk,Park, Moonhyeong,Kim, Won 대한토목학회 2015 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.35 No.6

하도 내 보를 설치하지 않고 용수를 취수할 수 있는 필터 블록으로 구성된 하천용수 취수시스템이 제안되었다. 이를 하천에 적용하기 위해 수리학적 특성에 관한 분석이 반드시 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 필터 블록으로 구성된 하천용수 취수시스템을 통과하는 유량특성에 대한 수리실험을 수행하였다. 실험수로 바닥에 사석 및 구슬을 이용하여 필터 블록을 구현하였고 다양한 유량조건에서 실험을 수행하여 취수시스템으로 통과하는 유량을 측정하였다. 취수시스템으로 접근하는 수심이 증가할수록 취수시스템으로 전환되는 유량이 증가하는 것으로 나타났고 Froude 수가 증가하면 전환되는 유량이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 경향은 취수시스템의 필터 블록 특성과 관계없이 동일하게 나타났다. 유량계수는 Froude 수에 관계없이 일정한 값을 나타냈지만 필터 블록의 사석 및 구슬의 입경에 따라 변화하였고 필터 블록 재료의 입경에 0.6승으로 증가함을 보였다. The river water intake system composed of the filter block, without installation of weirs in a channel, was proposed. To apply it to rivers, analysis of hydraulic characteristics is needed. In this study, the hydraulic experiment on the characteristics of flowrate passing through the river water intake system was carried out. The filter block was produced using riprap and stainless steel bead at the channel bottom. The experiment was carried out under various flow conditions and the flowrate passing through the intake system was measured. As the water depth approaching the intake system became deeper, the flowrate diverting to the intake system increased. As the Froude number increased, the flowrate diverting to the intake system decreased. The same trend was shown regardless of the characteristics of a filter block in the intake system. A constant discharge coefficient was shown regardless of the Froude number but it changed according to the size of a riprap and a stainless steel bead in the filter block. It was found that the discharge coefficient increases with the 0.6 power of the material size.

Mobile WiMAX에서 IPTV 및 VoIP 음성서비스 품질을 고려한 수면구간 길이와 지터버퍼 크기의 상관관계 분석

김형석,김태현,황호영,Kim, Hyung-Suk,Kim, Tae-Hyoun,Hwang, Ho-Young 한국정보처리학회 2010 정보처리학회논문지 C : 정보통신,정보보안 Vol.17 No.3

IPTV 및 VoIP 서비스는 높은 이동성과 전송 속도를 보장하는 Mobile WiMAX 네트워크 상에서 제공할 수 있는 유용한 응용 서비스들이다. IPTV의 오디오 전송이나 VoIP의 통화 품질에 영향을 미치는 요소 중 전송 경로의 잦은 변경이나 경로간 전송 시간의 차이에 따라 발생하는 지터에 의한 패킷 손실은 지터 버퍼를 이용하여 완화할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 Mobile WiMAX 네트워크 상에서 이동 단말의 전력 소모 절감을 위해 사용되는 PSC-II 모드를 사용할 때의 오디오 및 음성 서비스의 품질(Quality of Service)과 지터 버퍼 크기의 상관관계에 대해 연구, 분석한다. 이를 위해 절전 모드 사용으로 인해 추가로 발생하는 지연 시간을 포함한 서비스의 종단간 지연시간 모델과 종단간 지연시간을 기준으로 한 서비스 품질 기준을 제시하였다. 또한, 제시한 모델의 다양한 파라미터에 따른 시뮬레이션 분석 결과를 통해 절전 모드를 사용할 경우에는 지터 버퍼의 크기 증가에 따른 지연으로 인한 패킷 손실이 오히려 오디오 및 VoIP 서비스 품질 측면에서 좋지 않은 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 보였다. IPTV and VoIP services are considered as killer applications over Mobile WiMAX network, which provideshigh mobility and data rate. Among those which affect the quality of voice in those services, the jitter buffer or playout buffer can compensate the poor voice quality caused by the packet drop due to frequent route change or differences among routes between service endpoints. In this paper, we analyze the correlation between the sleep interval length and jitter buffer size in order to guarantee a predefined level of voice quality. For this purpose, we present an end-to-end delay model considering additional delay incurred by the WiMAX PSC-II sleep mode and a VoIP service quality requirement based on the delay constraints. Through extensive simulation experiments, we also show that the increase of jitter buffer size may degrade the voice quality since it can introduce additional packet drop in the jitter buffer under WiMAX power saving mode.

2차원 수치모형을 이용한 원형군락 하류의 흐름특성 수치모의

김형석,박문형,Kim, Hyung Suk,Park, Moonhyeong 한국수자원학회 2015 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.48 No.11

본 연구는 식재된 개수로에서 흐름특성을 모의할 수 있는 수심 적분된 2차원 수치모형을 이용하여 원형 식생역 주변의 흐름을 수치모의하였다. 식생영향을 고려하기 위해 식생항력 항을 지배방정식에 추가하였고 다양한 식생체적비율(SVF) 조건에 따른 수치모의를 수행하였다. 흐름이 원형 식생역을 통과하고 하류에 저유속 구간인 후류영역(wake region)을 형성하며 식생체적비율이 0.08 이상이면 재순환 영역이 발생하였다. 재순환 발생위치는 식생체적비율이 감소하면 식생역에서 더욱 하류로 이동하였다. 후류영역을 지나 원형 식생역 양 측면에서 유발된 전단층들의 상호작용에 의해 von $K{\acute{a}}rm{\acute{a}}n$ 와열이 발생하였다. 원형 식생역 하류에서 발생하는 와류는 식생체적비율이 0.08 이상이 되면 나타나기 시작하였고 발생위치는 난류운동에너지가 최대값을 보이는 위치와 일치하였다. 최대 난류운동에너지는 식생체적비율이 감소하면 줄어드는 것으로 나타났고 최대값의 발생위치는 점점 하류로 이동하였다. This paper presents numerical simulations of flow around a circular patch of vegetation using a depth-averaged two-dimensional numerical model which is capable of simulating flow structure in vegetated open channel. In order to account for vegetation effect, drag force terms are included in governing equations. Numerical simulations are conducted with various solid volume fractions (SVF). Flow passes through a circular patch and low velocity region, which is called wake region, is formed downstream of the patch. When SVF is larger than 0.08, a recirculation is observed. The location of the recirculation is moved further downstream as SVF decreases. Von-$K{\acute{a}}rm{\acute{a}}n$ vortex street is developed beyond the wake region due to interaction between two shear layers induced by a circular patch of vegetation. The vortex is developed as SVF is larger than 0.08, and the location of the vortex is consistent with the maximum of turbulence kinetic energy. The location of the peak of turbulence kinetic energy is moved further downstream as SVF decreases.

Study on the Indoor Air Pollution

김형석,박양원,Kim, Hyung-Suk,Park, Yang-Won The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 1984 예방의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

우리 일상생활 가운데 80% 이상은 실내에서 보내기 때문에 실내공기는 우리 인체에 대단히 중요하다. 실내공기를 오염시키는 오염원들은 담배연기, 연한 및 석유난로 음식요리과정, 실내 건축 자재 등이라고 추정할 수 있다. 저자등은 겨울철에 석유나 연탄으로 난방을 하는 사무실, 시장, 식당, 연구실 등의 실내를 대상으로 흡입성 분진량과 연량을 측정하여 실내공기 오염도를 조사한 결과 흡입성 분진량은 $0.03mg/m^3-16.14mg/m^3$이였으며 연의량은 $0.250-3.975ug/m^3$로 나타났다.

Charcoal Tube에 의(依)한 작업환경중(作業環境中) Toluene 함량(含量)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

김형석,구도서,박양원,이정환,Kim, Hyung-Suk,Koo, Do-Suh,Park, Yang-Won,Lee, Jeong-Whan 대한예방의학회 1983 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.16 No.1

In the determination of organic solvents in workplaces direct reading tube method have been used in Korea for decades. But this method is less accurate and couldn't measure TWA(Time Weighted Average) for 8 hours. Authors tried to detect Toluene concentration in S factory by using charcoal tube according to NIOSH method. The concentration was 158.8ppm. We propose this charcoal tube method should be substituted to get accurate results and to protect employee in workplaces related with solvents.

소음(騷音) Stress에 의한 요(尿)중 Catecholamine의 분비량(分泌量) 변화(變化)

김형석,전준배,Kim, Hyung-Suk,Chun, Joon-Bae,Lundberg, Ulf 대한예방의학회 1993 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.26 No.4

Noise is not only affecting the ear and the auditory cortex locally, but its influence is widely spread throughout the brain structures, e. g., the reticular formation, the brain stem nuclei or the subcortical forebrain area. Hence, any of the organism's activities can be hindered or stimulated by noise. High noise is a stressor and the catecholamine level can be used both as a stress marker and as an indicator of modified sympathetic nervous system activity. Several recent studies have found that the urinary excretion of catecholamines is increased due to high noise intensity, especially unexpectedly high and long lasting noise. The present study was conducted in order to examine the effects of noise stress on urinary excretion of ctecholamines in rats and humans. Rats were exposed to 90 dB noise for 10, 30, and 60 minutes, 3 and 12 hours. 24 hour . urinary samples were collected and the catecholamones were extracted by alumina and analyzed by HPLC-ECD. Catecholamine levels increased with time of exposure up to 60 minutes : norepinephrine concentration at 60 min of noise=1.038 ng/ml, epinephrine=0.636 ng/ml. Urine catecholamines of blue collar workers exposed to 90 dB of noise at the work place were collected between 2 and 4 p.m. and compared to that of white collar workers exposed to 70 dB. Mean norepinephrine level of the blue collar workers was 0.89 ng/ml (${\pm}0.25$), epinephrine 0.24ng/m1 (${\pm}0.09$), and that of the white collar workers 0.48 ng/ml (${\pm}0.12$), epinephrine 0.19 ng/ml(${\pm}0.05$). It was concluded that noise acts as a stressor and increases the catecholamine levels in both rats and humans.