진주지역 시정과 미세먼지(PM₁₀) 농도와의 상관관계

김형갑 ( Hyoung-kab Kim ),서정민 ( Jeong-min Suh ),박정호 ( Jeong-ho Park ) 한국환경과학회 2017 한국환경과학회지 Vol.26 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate how PM₁₀ concentration and Relative Humidity (RH) affected visibility in Jinju, Korea. A 9-yr dataset of 1 h averages for visibility, PM₁₀, and RH data was analyzed to examine the correlation between these variables. On average, visibility decreased by 1.4 km for every 10 μg/㎥ increase in PM₁₀ and by 2.1 km for every 10% increase in RH. In general, a negative correlation was observed between visibility and and PM₁₀ concentration. However, under conditions of low PM₁₀concentration(< 15 μg/㎥) and visibility(< 2 km), there was a positive correlation between these two variables. In this case, RH levels were high (> 75%). A high correlation analysis between two variables need to be under control conditions with RH < 75%, PM₁₀ 15~100 μg/㎥, and visibility > 2 km.

採油方法이 참기름의 Sterol組成에 미치는 影響

최상도(Sang-Do Choi),김형갑(Hyoung-Kab Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 1985 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.14 No.4

참기름中 不감貨物은 RWE가 3.1%이고 RTE는 2.6%이며 全 sterol은 RTP가 0.68%이고 RTE가 0.48%이며 全 sterol中 free sterol이 37.9 (RTP)~52.7%(RTE)로서 sterylglycoside 및 sterylester보다 그 含量이 많다. 참기름中 total sterol의 구성 sterol組成은 39.3~42.9%의 sitosterol, 13.0~17.2%의 △^5-avenasterol, 9.1~11.0%의 campesterol 및 7.4~11.5%의 stigmasterol이며 23.5~24.6%의 未知sterol (RRT:1.35)도 含有되어 있었고 sterylglycoside는 total sterol의 sterol組成과 거의 같은 傾向이었으나 free sterol과 sterylester는 △^5-avenasterol이 8.1~11.4%로서 campesterol 및 stigmasterol보다 含有比가 낮았다. 한편 採油方法別 sterol組成은 差異가 거의 없었다. In order to examine the effect of oil extraction methods on the charateristics of sesame oil, the unsaponifiable matters, fractionation sterol pattern and sterol compositions of the each fraction of the oil were compared in the oil extracted by the three different extraction methods, that is, pressure extraction of roasted seed (RTP), acetone extraction of roasted seed(RTE) and acetone extraction of raw seed(RWE). The amount of unsaponifiable in RWE oil was silghly higher as 31.8㎎ per 1㎎ drying oil than that in RTP oil of 26.1㎎. Sesame oils from three different extraction methods were found to contain 0.26~0.32% free, 0.23~0.42% bound, and 0.49~0.64% total sterol. The content of free sterol in RWE oil was higher as 0.32% than that in RTE and RTP oil of 0.26%, and that of sterylglycoside in RTE oil was lower as 0.12% than that in RTP and RWE oil of 0.23%, but that of sterylester was a little difference. The unsaponifiable matter from fractionation sterol in sesame oil by three different extraction methods was fractionated into less polor compounds, 4,4-dimethyl-, 4-monomethyl-, 4-desmethylsterol fraction by thinlayer chromatography, and sterol composition of 4-desmethylsterol fraction was analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. The major sterols were campe-, stigma-, sito-, and △^5-avenasterol, but, specially, unknown sterol(RRT:1.35) was found as 23.5~26.4% in total sterols, The content of sitosterol, △^5-avenasterol, campesterol and stigmasterol were 59.9~60.3%, 8.1~11%, 16.1~18.4%, 11.6~12.8% of the total sterol in free sterol fraction, 37.3~46.9, 11.6~14.2, 6.6~9.0, and 6.1~8.0% of the total sterol in sterylglycoside fraction, 55.9~59.9, 9.2~11.4, 17.1~18.9, and 11.8~13.7% of the total sterol in sterylester fraction, and 39.3~42.9, 13.0~17.2, 9.1~11.0 and 7.4-11.5% of the total sterol in total sterol fraction.

진주 지역 딸기 주스 상점에서의 Staphylococcus aureus의 분리와 staphylococcal enterotoxin a, b, c gene 검색

김세리,박선자,심원보,김형갑,정덕화,Kim, Se-Ri,Park, Seon-Ja,Shim, Won-Bo,Kim, Hyoung-Kab,Chung, Duck-Hwa 한국환경보건학회 2005 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important pathogenic agents, which are related to the hygienic condition. This study performed for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus and screening staphylococcal enterotoxin a, b, c genes in strains isolated from the environment for production of non-pasteurized strawberry juice. A total of 44 samples were collected from utensils, machinery, employees, raw materials, and strawberry juices in 3 strawberry juice shops in Jinju, western Gyeongnam. The isolation rate of Staphylococcus aureus was 26%. Specially Staphylococcus aureus was frequently isolated from employee's hands, strawberry and strawberry juices. The sea, seb, and sec genes were also investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One hundred and 55% of each isolate had found sea gene and seb gene, respectively. However, sec gene was not detected anywhere. To prevent food-borne disease associated with juice, the accomplishment of HACCP to be more efficient and systematic is necessary.

적정 구성 배양 HCT-8 기반 대장암 스페로이드의 암 줄기세포능 및 항암제 내성 평가의 비교 평가 연구

이승준(Seung Joon Lee),김형갑(Hyoung-Kab Kim),이향범(Hyang Burm Lee),문유석(Yuseok Moon) 한국생명과학회 2016 생명과학회지 Vol.26 No.11

암은 비균질적으로 구성된 세포집합체로 간질세포 및 세포 외 기질로 구성된 미세환경과 상호작용에 의해 발병, 전이, 심화되는 복잡한 질병이다. 하지만, 기존의 2차원 배양 세포 기반 플랫폼이 3차원적 생체 환경과 암의 비균질성을 대표하기 힘든 한계를 극복하기 위해 스페로이드 배양 세포를 비롯한 다양한 플랫폼 개발이 활발해지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 특히 감염, 염증 및 식이적 환경성 영향력에 민감한 HCT-8 대장암 세포주를 기반으로하여 3차원 스페로이드 배양법을 보다 효과적인 방법으로 개선하고, 대장암 스페로이드 세포를 기반으로 암의 비균질적인 특질과 항암내성 연구의 간단하고 개선된 플랫폼을 제시고자 하였다. 3차원 배양법 최적화를 위해 물리적 배양환경 조성과 배양배지 구성에 따른 스페로이드 형태형성을 비교 분석하고 암 줄기세포군의 증가 양상을 확인한 결과, 필수요소로 구성된 제한 배지와 균일한 형태의 비부착성 표면 배양접시에서 배양된 스페로이드가 균일한 형태의 구형을 형성하고 암 줄기세포군이 증가함을 확인하였다. 대장암 스페로이드 세포를 기반으로 대장암 치료제인 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)에 대한 화학적 감응성 변화를 측정한 결과, 암 줄기세포가 5-FU에 대한 화학적 감수성 저해의 원인이 되며, 최적배양 조건에서 암 줄기세포의 약제 내성의 표현이 증대되었다. 이는 암줄기세포의 항암제 내성에 대한 잠재적 위험성을 내포하는 것으로, 이 방법론은 감염, 염증 및 식이적 요인과 연관된 대장암 스페로이드 세포 기반 항암제 약물반응을 검증하기 위해 효과적이면서 간소한 시험법으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Cancer is a complex disease heterogeneously composed of various types of cells including cancer stem-like cells responsible for relapse and chemoresistance in the tumor microenvironment. The conventional two-dimensional cell culture-based platform has critical limitations for representing the heterogeneity of cancer cells in the three-dimensional tumor niche in vivo. To overcome this insufficiency, three-dimensional cell culture methods in a scaffold-dependent or –free physical environment have been developed. In this study, we improved and simplified the HCT-8 colon cancer cell-based spheroid culture protocol and evaluated the relationship between cancer stemness and responses of chemosensitivity to 5- Fluorouracil (5-FU), a representative anticancer agent against colon cancer. Supplementation with defined growth factors in the medium and the culture dish of the regular surface with low attachment were required for the formation of constant-sized spheroids containing CD44<SUP>+</SUP> and CD133<SUP>+</SUP> colon cancer stem cells. The chemo-sensitivities of CD44<SUP>+</SUP> cancer stem cells in the spheroids were much lower than those of CD44<SUP>-</SUP> non-stem-like cancer cells, indicating that the chemoresistance to 5-FU is due to the stemness of colon cancer cells. Taken together, the inflammation and oncogenic gut environment-sensitive HCT-8 cell-based colon cancer spheroid culture and comparative evaluation using the simplified model would be an efficient and applicable way to estimate colon cancer stemness and pharmaceutical response to anticancer drugs in the realistic tumor niche.

주거용 아파트 엘리베이터의 미생물 오염도와 영향요인 조사

심원보,서주희,이채원,정명진,김정숙,김형갑,정덕화,Shim, Won-Bo,Seo, Ju-Hee,Lee, Chae-Won,Jeong, Myeong-Jin,Kim, Jeong-Sook,Kim, Hyoung-Kab,Chung, Duck-Hwa 한국환경보건학회 2013 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.39 No.5

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial contamination levels in elevators in apartment buildings and to provide information on such microbial contamination. Methods: A total of 144 samples, including from the exterior buttons, interior buttons, elevator handrails, walls, ventilators and airborne bacteria were collected in the morning and afternoon from July to August 2013 for six different elevators. The samples were used to detect sanitary indicator bacteria (total bacteria, coliform, and Escherichia coli), pathogenic bacteria (E. coli O157, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., B. cereus, S. aureus) and fungi. Results: Contamination levels of total bacteria were 0.3-3.8 and 0.0-2.4 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ in the morning and afternoon, respectively. In the case of coliform bacteria, the levels were 0.0-3.7 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ in the morning and 0.0-0.3 log CFU/100 $cm^2$ in the afternoon. However, E. coli was not detected among all samples. Bacillus cereus, pathogenic bacteria, was only detected in 13 (11%) among 144 samples. E. coli O157, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and S. aureus were not detected among all samples. Comparing the samples collected in the morning and afternoon, we could confirm that the samples in the afternoon were cleaner. Conclusions: This study indicates that the samples in the afternoon were cleaner because these samples were collected following routine cleaning. Also, the levels of contamination in the elevators were low and the sanitary conditions were comparatively well-managed. Therefore it is deemed necessary for elevators be cleaned regularly to provide good conditions for people using elevators.

경남지역의 실내외 공기 중 총섬유 입자의 농도특성 및 석면 입자의 확인

박희은 ( Hee Gun Park ),박정호 ( Jeong Ho Park ),김형갑 ( Hyoung Kab Kim ) 한국산업위생학회 2012 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify concentration characteristics of indoor and outdoor airborne total fiber particles and asbestos in Gyeongnam Provinces. Methods: This study investigated concentration characteristics of indoor fiber particles from 748 schools and 38 public facilities as well as outdoor particles from 11 sites through PCM (phase contrast microscope). SEM/EDX (scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive using X-ray analysis) was used to obtain physicochemical information of asbestos fiber particles. The study identified asbestos rate in the 15 samples from indoor and outdoor airborne total fiber particles, Results: 1, The average indoor airborne concentrations of total fiber particles were 0.0011±0.0007 f/cc in schools and 0.0015±0.0007 f/cc in public facilities by PCM, Over 90% of the fiber particles were identified as single fibers, 2. The average outdoor airborne concentrations of total fiber particles were 0.0007±0.0002 f/cc, and they were lower than those of indoor airborne concentrations. 3. The results showed that the form of asbestiform was diverse as skein of thread like form and long needle, which was relatively narrower than that of glass fiber and rock wool. 4. The results of SEM/EDX analysis of 15 areas where total fiber particle was relatively high showed that the form was rather similar to that of asbestos, but chemical composition was proven to be non-asbestos. Conclusions: The concentration of indoor and outdoor airborne total fiber particles of Gyeongnam Provinces satisfied the IAQ (Indoor air quality) level of 0.01f/cc and asbestos was not found in most of the samples by SEM/EDX.

주물사업장의 입자상물질 입경분포 및 비산배출 특성

박정호 ( Jeong Ho Park ),장민재 ( Min Jae Jang ),김형갑 ( Hyoung Kab Kim ) 한국산업보건학회 2016 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Objectives: This study was performed to measure and evaluate the concentration, size distribution and fugitive emission of particulate matter from process operations at foundries. Methods: Particle matter was collected from three foundries, and samples were also collected from a background site for calculating the fugitive emission concentration of the foundries. For the collection of the samples, a Nanosampler cascade impactor was used. Results: The concentration of TSP in the samples collected from the three foundries was 0.675~1.222 mg/m(3), PM10 was 0.525~1.018 mg/m3 and PM(2.5) was 0.192~0.615 mg/m(3). The mass size distribution was bimodal or monomodal with maximum peak at two stage(size 2.5~10 μm). The mass median aerodynamic diameter(MMAD) was 1.80~3.98 μm. The fugitive emission concentration of TSP varies in the range of 0.65 to 1.21 mg/m(3), which exceeds the emission standard of fugitive dust(0.5 mg/m(3)). Conclusions: Particle concentration and size is an important industrial hygiene factor to protect foundry workers. Furthermore, the presence of high emission of particulate pollutants has a significant negative impact on the ambient air of the study area. Therefore, it is important to improve both the process and prevention facility in oder to reduce particulate pollutants in foundries.

다단 임팩터 Nanosampler를 이용한 진주시 대기에어로졸입자의 입경별 질량농도 특성

박정호 ( Jeong Ho Park ),장민재 ( Min Jae Jang ),김형갑 ( Hyoung Kab Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2015 한국환경과학회지 Vol.24 No.5

Atmospheric aerosol particles were investigated at GNTECH university in Jinju city. Samples were collected using the Nanosampler period from January to December 2014. The Nanosampler is a 6 stage cascade impactor(1 stage : > 10 μm, 2 stage : 2.5~10 μm, 3 stage : 1.0~2.5 μm, 4 stage : 0.5~1.0 μm, 5 stage : 0.1~0.5 μm, back-up : < 0.1 μm) with the stages having 50% cut-off ranging from 0.1 to 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter. The mass size distribution of Atmospheric aerosol particles was unimodal with peak at 1.0~2.5 μm or 0.5~1.0 μm. The annual average concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM2.5, PM1, PM0.5 and PM0.1 were 44.0 μg/m3, 40.3 μg/m3, 31.4 μg/m3, 18.0 μ g/m3, 8.2 μg/m3, 3.0 μg/m3, respectively. On average PM10, PM2.5, PM1, PM0.5 and PM0.1 make up 0.91, 0.70, 0.41, 0.19 and 0.07 of TSP, respectively. The annual average of PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 0.77.

A신축아파트 및 B백화점에서 기계환기에 의한 실내공기질의 개선 효과

박정호 ( Jeong Ho Park ),이상혁 ( Sang Hyuk Lee ),김형갑 ( Hyoung Kab Kim ) 한국산업보건학회 2014 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.24 No.1

본 연구에서는 기계환기에 의한 실내공기질 개선효과를 현장실험을 통해 파악하기 위해 환기설비를 갖춘 A 신축아파트와 다중이용시설인 B 백화점을 연구 대상으로 하였다. A 신축아파트에서는 새집증후군 등 주요 실내공기오염의 원인물질인 VOCs 및 HCHO를 측정 대상물질로 선정하고 미 환기 상태에서 16가구에서 전반적인 신축아파트의 실내공기오염 특성을 파악하였으며, 이중 상대적으로 TVOC 농도가 높은 2가구를 대상으로 환기전후의 농도 특성을 파악하였다. B 백화점에서는 CO2 및 HCHO를 대상물질로 선정하고 1~7층별로 미환기시와 기계환기 1시간 이후의 농도 특성을 통해 환기에 의한 저감율을 파악하였으며, 이후 환기시설 정상가동 상태에서 3년간 실내공기오염물질의 농도 특성을 파악하였다. 미환기 상태에서 A 신축아파트의 VOCs 및 HCHO 농도는 일부 지점에서는 에틸벤젠, 자일렌 등의 농도가 실내환경기준을 초과하고 있었다. 특히 환기전후의 TVOC 농도 특성은 A-1 지점의 경우 미환기시 3,547 μg/m3에서 환기시 961 μg/m3 그리고 A-2 지점의 경우 미환기시 3,117 μg/m3에서 환기시 594 μg/m3으로 환기에 의해 각각 73%, 81% 저감율이 나타났다. 또한 개별 VOCs 및 HCHO물질별 환기에 의한 저감율은 31.4~96.7%로 나타났으며, 환기이후 모든 물질이 실내기준보다 훨씬 낮은 수준으로 나타났다. B 백화점에서는 평균 CO2 농도는 미환기시 855 ppm에서 기계환기 1시간 이후 580 ppm으로약 32% 저감되었으며, HCHO의 평균농도도 251 μg/m3에서 70.3 μg/m3으로 약 72%의 저감되는 것으로 나타났다. 이후 환기시설 정상가동 상태에서 3년간 실내공기질의 측정결과 지속적으로 실내환경 기준을 만족하였다. 최근 실내공기질 개선을 위해 다양한 개선 방법이 소개되고 있으나, 이중 기계환기는 신축아파트 및 다중이용시설 등에서 실내공기질을 실내환경기준 이하로 지속적이고 쾌적하게 유지할 수 효과적 방법으로 고려된다.

참깨 貯藏中 脂質의 特性 및 Sterol의 組成 變化

최상도(Shang-Do Choi),조용운(Yong-Un Cho),김형갑(Hyoung-Kab Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 1987 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.16 No.2

참깨種實을 56個月 貯藏한 후 含有量은 참깨 100g當 수확 直後 50.3g이 45.5g으로 減少되었고 酸價는 1.8이 13.4로 크게 增加하였으나 sterylester는 9.9㎎이이 6.7㎎으로 sterylglycoside가 3.8㎎에서 8.3㎎으로 크게 變化하였고 不감化物은 24.3㎎이 20.9㎎으로 減少되었으며 分劃別 sterol은 4, 4-dimethylsterol 및 4-monomethylsterol이 減少한 反面 4-desmethylsterol은 78.5%가 90.7%로 增加되었다. 4-desmethylsterol의 sterol 組成 變化는 campesterol 및 stigmasterol은 거의 變化가 없으나 sitosterol은 51.0%에서 48.2%로 減少한 反面 Δ^5-avenasterol은 15.2%에서 18.4%로 增加되었다. In order to find the effect of the storage time on the characteristics and sterol composition of the sesame seed. the characteristics, unsaponifiable matters, fractionation pattern of sterol and sterol compositions of 4-desmethylsterol on the sesame seed oil were analyzed at the harvest time and after 56 months storage. The sample seed was kept in cotton bag within the natural dark store room.<br/> The oil content was decreased from 50.3g per 100g sesame seed at harvest time to 45.5g at 56 months stored. The acid value was increased sharply from 1.8 to 13.4 during the storage of sesame seed and iodine value was increased small. but saponification value and refractive index were hardly changed. The amount of unsaponifiables from 24.3㎎ to 20.9㎎ per gram on basis during storage time. and the 4.4-dimethylsterol and 4-monomethylsterol from unsaponifiables were decreased, otherwise. 4-desmethylsterol was increased. In the changes of sterol composition in the 4-desmethylsterol fraction from unsaponifiables. the compesterol and stigmasterol content were not nearly changed, otherwise, the sitosterol content was decreased from 51.0% to 48.2%. but the content of Δ^5-avenasterol was increased from 15.2 % to 18.4% during the storage of sesame seed within 56 months.