김중업의 「경주 석굴암 보수공사 설계」(1961-1962)에 관한 고찰

우동선,김태형,Woo, Don-Son,Kim, Tae-hyung 한국건축역사학회 2021 건축역사연구 Vol.30 No.4

This study examines the Gyeongju Seokguram Grotto restoration project (1961-1962) by architect Kim Chung Up (1922-1988) and introduces the documents he wrote at the time of planning. The study highlights Kim's Plan attempt to adopt Buckminster Fuller's idea of the Geodesic Dome, while inheriting the architect Pai Ki Hyung's previous design plan which was nullified. As Seokguram Grotto's water leak and deterioration issues have been brought up, the four-times survey was carried out by experts team between 1958 and 1960, under Ministry of Education's direction. Pai designed an initial restoration plan based on the survey's result, which was a double-dome structure with a concrete film on the outer periphery as a way to protect Seokguram Grotto in January 1961. However, as drawbacks, such as the heavy load of the concrete dome, and non-installation of entrance hall, have been indicated in the review process, the Cultural Properties Committee rejected the plan. Subsequently, Kim was appointed as the supervisor of the second restoration project. Kim drew up a process management schedule to be implemented from August 1961 to December 1963 and designed the conception plans for the second restoration design. This study analyzes Kim's Plan by examining sketches, site plans, floor plans, and sections. Kim planned to maintain the idea of the double-dome structure proposed by Pai while applying Buckminster Fuller's idea of the Geodesic Dome. Kim planned to lighten the dome structure by applying a steel-frame Geodesic Dome so that the dome structure could be supported by its own. The study is expected to reclaim the omitted parts from Seokguram Grotto's historical description and Kim's careers.

Modeling of the Tensile Strength of Unsaturated Granular Soil Using Soil-water Characteristic Curve

김태형,김찬기,김태훈,Kim Tae-Hyung,Kim Chan-Kee,Kim Tae-Hoon Korean Geotechnical Society 2004 한국지반공학회논문집 Vol.20 No.7

본 연구는 불포화 상태 전 범위에 대한 사질토의 인장강도 모델화 가능성을 조사하기 위해 실시 되었다. 새로 개발된 직접인장시험기법을 이용하여 인장시험이 실시되었다. 측정된 결과는 Rumpf 및 Schubert가 동일크기의 이상적인 구에 대해 개발한 이론적인 인장강도 모델들에 의한 예측 값과 비교 되었다. 이를 위해 석션-포화실험을 통해 얻어진 흙-수분특성곡선을 이용하여 이론모델에 있어 중요한 요소인 불포화상태(pendular, funicular, capillary) 구분 및 음의 간극수압 값을 산정하는데 사용하였다. Pendular 상태에서 불포화모래의 비선형 거동이 Rumpf의 모델에 의해 적절이 묘사되었다. Funicular 및 capillary상태의 경우, 함수비가 증가함에 따라 인장강도가 증가하다 최고 값이 도달한 후 다시 감소하는 실험 측정치의 경향도 Schubert의 모델에 의해 적절히 묘사되었다. 본 비교 연구는 이상적인 단일 크기의 입자에 대해 개발된 이론적인 모델이 다양한 크기를 갖는 불포화 사질토의 인장강도를 예측할 수 있다는 가능성을 뒷받침해준다. This study was conducted to explore the tensile strength models in granular soil at the full range of unsaturated state. Direct tension experiments were carried out with a newly developed direct tension technique. The measured experimental data were compared with theoretical models developed by Rumpf and Schubert for monosized ideal particulate solids at the unsaturated state. To do this, the soil-water characteristic curve obtained from a suction-saturation experiment was used to define the unsaturation state and the negative pore water pressure with different water content levels, which are important factors in theoretical tensile strength models. The nonlinear behavior of the tensile strength for unsaturated granular soil at the pendular state is appropriately simulated with Rumpf's model. For the funicular and capillary states, the predicted trend by Schubert's model is properly matched with the experimental data: tensile strength steadily increases and reaches a maximum value and then decreases until it reaches zero. This comparison supports the concept that the tensile strength of unsaturated real granular soil can be approximately simulated with theoretical models.

초임계이산화탄소-물-골재 반응을 이용한 폐모르타르와 순환골재의 중성화 처리

김태형,이진균,정철우,김지현,이민희,김선옥,Kim, Taehyoung,Lee, Jinkyun,Chung, Chul-woo,Kim, Jihyun,Lee, Minhee,Kim, Seon-ok 대한자원환경지질학회 2018 자원환경지질 Vol.51 No.4

기존 연구에서 초임계$CO_2$($scCO_2$)-물-순활골재 반응을 이용한 폐콘크리트 순환골재의 중성화(pH 저감) 처리에서 가장 문제시되었던 오랜 처리시간의 한계(최대 50일)를 최소 3시간까지 단축하는 배치실험과 칼럼실험을 수행하였다. 모르타르(골재를 포함하지 않은 시멘트+모래 혼합체)와 모르타르에 골재를 포함하는 2 종류의 순환골재를 실험에 사용하였다. 입자 크기별로 분류한 세 종류의 폐모르타르 시료에 대하여 $scCO_2$-물-폐모르타르 반응 시간을 1시간부터 24시간까지 다하게 설정하여 반응시킨 후, 폐모르타르의 pH가 지속적으로 9.8 이하로 낮게 유지되는 최소 반응시간을 결정하는 용출 배치실험을 실시하였다. 실제 현장에서 다량의 순환골재를 중성화 처리하는 경우 비평형상태에서 용출이 발생하는데, 이러한 kinetic 효과를 고려한 순환골재의 실제 pH 저감 효율을 측정하고자 대형 칼럼 연속 용출 실험을 실시하였다. 배치실험의 경우, 고압셀 내부에서 3차 증류수 70 mL와 순환골재 시료 35 g을 혼합한 후 100 bar, $50^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 1시간 ~ 24시간 동안 반응시켜 중성화 처리하였다. 처리 후 건조시킨 폐모르타르 시료 10 g + 증류수 50 ml의 비율(1:5 비율)로 혼합하여 10분 동안 150 rpm으로 교반한 후 정치시키고, 총 15일 동안 용출시간 별로 용출수의 pH를 측정하였다. 중성화 처리 후 순환골재의 광물학적 변화를 확인하기 위하여 처리 전/후 XRD, TG/DTA 등의 분석을 실시하였다. 대형 칼럼(직경 16 cm, 높이 1 m) 용출실험을 위해 순환골재 2 종류를 대상으로 3시간 동안 중성화 처리한 순환골재와 처리하지 않은 순환골재로 칼럼을 충진한 후, 증류수를 칼럼 상부에 설치된 스프링클러를 통하여 일정하게 총 220 L를 주입하였다. 칼럼에 충진된 순환골재를 통과하여 하부로부터 유출되는 유출수의 pH와 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도를 시간별로 측정하였다. 배치실험 결과 폐모르타르 시료(직경 10 ~ 13 mm)의 경우 3시간의 중성화 처리에 의해 용출액의 pH가 법적 허용기준인 9.8이하를 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. $scCO_2$ 반응 후 골재의 XRD, TG/DTA 분석 결과, 중성화 처리에 의해 시멘트 모르타르의 주성분인 포틀랜다이트($Ca(OH)_2$) 성분이 감소한 반면 방해석($CaCO_3$)이 2차 광물로 생성됨을 알 수 있었다. 칼럼 실험 결과 중성화 처리한 순환골재의 용출수는 kinetic 효과를 고려한 경우에도 굵은골재와 잔골재 모두 용출수의 pH가 9.8 이하로 유지되어, $scCO_2$를 이용한 순환골재의 3시간 중성화 처리에 의해 건설현장에서 재활용이 가능한 것으로 밝혀졌다. The batch and column experiments were performed to overcome the limitation of the neutralization process using the $scCO_2$-water-recycled aggregate, reducing its treatment time to 3 hour. The waste cement mortar and two kinds of recycled aggregate were used for the experiment. In the extraction batch experiment, three different types of waste mortar were reacted with water and $scCO_2$ for 1 ~ 24 hour and the pH of extracted solution from the treated waste mortar was measured to determine the minimum reaction time maintaining below 9.8 of pH. The continuous column experiment was also performed to identify the pH reduction effect of the neutralization process for the massive recycled aggregate, considering the non-equilibrium reaction in the field. Thirty five gram of waste mortar was mixed with 70 mL of distilled water in a high pressurized stainless steel cell at 100 bar and $50^{\circ}C$ for 1 ~ 24 hour as the neutralization process. The dried waste mortar was mixed with water at 150 rpm for 10 min. and the pH of water was measured for 15 days. The XRD and TG/DTA analyses for the waste mortar before and after the reaction were performed to identify the mineralogical change during the neutralization process. The acryl column (16 cm in diameter, 1 m in length) was packed with 3 hour treated (or untreated) recycled aggregate and 220 liter of distilled water was flushed down into the column. The pH and $Ca^{2+}$ concentration of the effluent from the column were measured at the certain time interval. The pH of extracted water from 3 hour treated waste mortar (10 ~ 13 mm in diameter) maintained below 9.8 (the legal limit). From XRD and TG/DTA analyses, the amount of portlandite in the waste mortar decreased after the neutralization process but the calcite was created as the secondary mineral. From the column experiment, the pH of the effluent from the column packed with 3 hour treated recycled aggregate kept below 9.8 regardless of their sizes, identifying that the recycled aggregate with 3 hour $scCO_2$ treatment can be reused in real construction sites.

최근 5년간 원발성 남성불임증 환자의 임상적 분석

김태형,김경도,김세철,Kim, Tae-Hyoung,Kim, Kyung-Do,Kim, Sae-Chul 대한생식의학회 1994 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.21 No.3

A clinical investigation was undertaken on primary male infertility patients of recent 5 years. The results obtained were as follow: 1. Suspective etiologic factors were: 1) testicular failure, 36.1 %; 2) varicocele, 18.7%; 3) endocrine abnormality, 13.5%; 4) obstruction, 13.5%; 5) idiopathic, 10.9%; 6) cryptorchidism, 2.6%; 7) necrospermia, 0.9%. 2. On semen analyses, azoospermia was found in 55.8%, single abnormal parameter in 21.5 %, and multiple/all abnormal parameter in 22.7% of the 163 cases. 3. For the evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of noninvasive variables in predict in obstruction as the cause of azoospermia in patient who had undergone testicular biopsy, the testicular size and serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) level revealed 100% of sensitivity. 4. Among the 43 patients with a testicular biopsy confirmed diagnosis there was a significant difference in testicular size, ejaculate volume(p<0.0001) and serum FSH(p<0.0001) between patients with testicular failure and those with ductal obstruction. 5. Of 93 treated patients with primary male infertility, 42 were managed by medical treatment including endocrine treament, retrograde ejaculation treatment, infection treatment and observation; 29 were managed by surgical treatment including varicocelectomy, vasovasostomy, vasoepididymostomy and TUR of ejaculatory duct; 20 were managed by sperm preparation treatment including artificial insemination(AI), electroejaculation plus AI and vibration ejaculation plus AI ; 2 were managed by microscopic epididymal sperm aspiration plus IVF, repectively. 6. 42 patients who could be followed-up, 21 patients(50%) impregnated their wives.

편측 신장 무형성 및 쇄항을 동반한 Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser(MRKH) 증후군 1례

김태형,김진희,김수영,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Kim, Jin-Hee,Kim, Soo-Yung 대한소아신장학회 2006 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.10 No.2

MRKH 증후군은 비뇨생식기계 및 골격계에 기형을 동반하지만 쇄항에 대한 동반 기형유무 검사상에서 MRKH 증후군으로 진단된 경우는 거의 보고되고 있지 않다. 이에 저자들은 쇄항을 주소로 내원한 34주 미숙아에서 MRKH 증후군으로 진단된 본 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. The clinical features of the Mayer-Rokitansky-K$\ddot{u}$ster-Hauser(MRKH) syndrome include normal female secondary sex characteristics, normal genitalia, congenital absence of vagina, rudimentary or bipartite uterus, normal ovarian function and normal ovulation, 46, XX, karyotype, frequent association of renal, skeletal and other congenital anomalies. We experienced a case of a premature infant with MRKH syndrome who had imperforate anus and unilateral renal agenesis.

PDE 기반의 이미지 인페인팅을 이용한 시신경 원판 경계 검출에 관한 연구

김태형,김성현,김진만,공재응,김두영,Kim, Tae-Hyoung,Kim, Seng-Hyen,Kim, Jin-Man,Gong, Jae-Woong,Kim, Doo-Young 한국융합신호처리학회 2007 융합신호처리학회 논문지 (JISPS) Vol.8 No.4

본 논문은 실명(loss of eyesight)의 원인 중 하나인 녹내장의 진행과 진단 등의 의료 정보제공을 목적으로 양방향 곡선 전개 방식을 이용하여 망막 영상에서 시신경 원판(optic disk)의 경계를 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 정확한 경계 검출을 위하여 PDE 기반의 Image inpainting 방법으로 시신경 원판 위를 지나는 혈관을 제거하고 전처리 과정에서 발생하는 잡음제거와 경계의 보존을 위해 비등방성 필터링(anisotropic filtering)을 행한다. 혈관이 제거된 망막 영상에서 시신경 원판의 경계 검출은 초기 곡선에 강인한 양방향 곡선 방식으로 검출한다. 실험결과, 제안한 방법이 전체영상의 블러링 현상뿐만 아니라 시신경 원판 경계의 블러링 현상을 줄일 수 있었고, 기존의 방법에 비하여 정확한 경계를 검출할 수 있었다. This paper describes a technique for detecting the boundary of the optic disk in digital image of the retina using inward and outward curve evolution. Optic disk boundary offers medical information about glaucoma progresses. For accurate boundary detection, image inpainting based on PDE removes blood vessels crossing the optic disk. For removing noises and preserving boundary of optic disk in image inpainting process, the anisotropic diffusion filtering is developed. After pre-processing, the optic disk boundary is determined using inward and outward curve evolution. Experimental results show that blurring effect of original region and optic disk boundary is reduced considerably. By the proposed method, we can detect correct disk boundary compare to conventional method.

u-Transportation 교통정보 수집체계 개발

김태형,강연수,김원규,오철,박재용,박정기,고중협,김준오,김성민,Kim, Tae-Hyeong,Gang, Yeon-Su,Kim, Won-Gyu,O, Cheol,Park, Jae-Yong,Park, Jeong-Gi,Go, Jung-Hyeop,Kim, Jun-O,Kim, Seong-Min 한국ITS학회 2007 한국ITS학회 학회지 Vol.4 No.1

반사형 쌍안정 카이랄 스플레이 네마틱 액정표시소자

김태형,이중하,신정국,장지향,김정수,전철규,권순범,윤태훈,김재창,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Lee, Joong-Ha,Shen, Zheng-Guo,Jang, Ji-Hyang,Kim, Jeong-Soo,Jhun, Chul-Gyu,Kwon, Soon-Bum,Yoon, Tae-Hoon,Kim, Jae-Chang 한국광학회 2011 한국광학회지 Vol.22 No.1

쌍안정 카이랄 스플레이 네마틱 액정표시소자는 스플레이 상태와 $-\pi$ 꼬인 상태를 쌍안정 상태로 사용하는 메모리 액정표시소자이다. 셀 갭/피치의 값이 0.25일 경우 완전한 쌍안정 상태를 갖지만, $-\pi$ 꼬인 상태에서 스플레이 상태로 전이시키기 위하여 fringe 전계를 인가할 경우 픽셀영역은 전계의 왜곡에 의해서 완전한 스플레이 상태가 아니라 $-\pi$ 꼬인 상태를 부분적으로 유지하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 화소영역에서 두 안정한 상태가 공존하지 않는 $-\pi$ 꼬인 상태를 어두운 상태로 사용하는 반사형 쌍안정 카이랄 스플레이 네마틱 액정표시소자를 제안한다. 제작된 반사형 액정표시소자는 30:1의 고명암비를 나타냈으며, 응답속도는 수직전압 8 V, fringe 전압 12 V의 구동 전압으로 각각 쓰기 응답시간이 950 ms, 리셋 응답시간이 450 ms였다. 또한 제안된 셀은 +C 광학 보상 필름을 사용하여 좌우 방향에서 $180^{\circ}$의 광시야각을 나타냈다. Bistable chiral splay nematic liquid crystal display (BCSN LCD) is a memory type liquid crystal display using splay and $-\pi$ twist states as two stable states. When the cell thickness to pitch (d/p) ratio is 0.25, splay and $-\pi$ twist states have permanent memory time. However, when the transition from $-\pi$ twist state to splay state is caused by a fringe field, pixel regions show that the splay state is not perfect, but rather includes a contribution from the $-\pi$ twist state. In this paper, we propose a reflective BCSN LCD using $-\pi$ twist state in which the two stable states do not coexist. The fabricated reflective BCSN LC cell shows a high contrast ratio of over 30:1 and response times of 950 ms and 450 ms in vertical and fringe field switching, respectively. The proposed cell also shows wide viewing angle characteristics of $180^{\circ}$ in left- and right directions.

축대칭 압출 및 인발공정 중의 금형마멸예측

김태형,김병민,최재찬,Kim, Tae-Hyeong,Kim, Byeong-Min,Choi, Jae-Chan 대한기계학회 1996 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.20 No.10

In cold forming processes, due to high working pressure action on the die surface, failure mechanics must be considered before die design. One of the main reasons of die failure in industrial application of metal forming technologies is wear. Die wear affects the tolerances of formed parts, metal flow and costs of process etc. The only way to control these failures into devlop methods which allow prediction of die wear and which are suited to be used in the design state in order to optimize the process. In this paper, the forming propcesses that involve cold forward extrusion and wire drawing were simulated by rigid plastic finite element method and its output were used for predicting die wear by Archard wear model. The simulation results were compared with the measured worn dies.

후복막 접근법을 통한 복강경 부신절제술의 초기 경험

김태형,이초록,박슬기,박재현,정준수,강상욱,정종주,남기현,정웅윤,박정수,Tae Hyung Kim,M.D.,Cho Rok Lee,M.D.,Seulkee Park,M.D.,Jae Hyun Park,M.D.,Jun Soo Jeong,M.D.,Sang-Wook Kang,M.D.,Jong Ju Jeong,M.D.,Kee- Hyun Nam,M.D.,Woong Youn 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2011 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.11 No.4

Purpose: Posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy (PRA) for small adrenal tumors has recently been in the spotlight due to its several benefits. Compelling advantages for endoscopic surgeons include direct, safe, and fast approach to the adrenal gland without trespass to the intraperitoneal organ. This study reports our initial experiences of PRA for the management of adrenal tumors. Methods: From December 2009 to August 2011, 63 patients underwent PRA for the management of adrenal tumor. Among these patients, laparoscopic adrenalectomy and robotic adrenalectomy were performed in 54 and nine patients, respectively. We retrospectively reviewed records of all surgical outcomes. Results: Of the 54 patients, 22 were male and 32 were female, and mean age was 51.7±14.0 years. Mean body mass index was 24.6±3.6 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP> and mean dimension of the tumors was 2.66±1.36 cm. Six patients were diagnosed with Cushing's disease, 22 patients with primary aldosteronism, seven patients with pheochromocytoma, one patient with metastatic adrenal gland cancer, and 18 patients with nonfunctioning adrenal tumors. Mean operative time was 88.5±27.1 min, mean blood loss was 17.4±37.4 ml, and mean duration to first oral intake was 0.83±0.4 days. Mean number of postoperative analgesics used was 2.28±2.54, and mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.85±1.43 days. There was no open conversion during the operation and no post-operative complication. Conclusion: PRA is a safe and fast procedure. In experienced hands, PRA represents one of the ideal approaching methods in the adrenal gland surgery. (Korean J Endocrine Surg 2011;11:287-291)