임상검사에서의 정도관리(1)

김철웅,Kim, Cheol-Ung 대한산업보건협회 2001 산업보건 Vol.164 No.-

원공노치 인근에 발생한 결함의 위치변화가 균열성장률(da/dN) 및 응력확대계수범위(δK)의 관계에 미치는 영향 - 단일재 알루미늄과 Al/GFRP 적층재의 피로거동 비교 -

김철웅,고영호,이건복,Kim, Cheol-Woong,Ko, Young-Ho,Lee, Gun-Bok 대한기계학회 2007 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.31 No.3

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of arbitrarily located defect around the circular hole in the aircraft structural material such as Al/GFRP laminates and monolithic Al alloy sheet under cyclic bending moment. The fatigue behavior of these materials may be different due to the defect location. Material flaws in the from of pre-existing defects can severely affect the fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior. The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of relative location of defects around the circular hole in monolithic Al alloy and Al/GFRP laminates under cyclic bending moment. The fatigue behavior i.e., the stress concentration factor($K_t$), the crack initiation life($N_i$), the relationship between crack length(a) and cycles(N), the relationship between crack growth rate(da/dN) and stress intensity factor range(${\Dalta}K$) near a circular hole are considered. Especially, the defects location at ${\theta}_1=0^{\circ}\;and\;{\theta}_2=30^{\circ}$ was strongly effective in stress concentration factor($K_t$) and crack initiation life($N_i$). The test results indicated the features of different fatigue crack propagation behavior and the different growing delamination shape according to each location of defect around the circular hole in Al/GFRP laminates.

설계VE 용역대가 산정방안에 관한 연구

김철웅,정영일,김양택,현창택,Kim Chul-Woong,Jung Young Il,Kim Yang-Taek,Hyun Chang-Taek 한국건설관리학회 2002 건설관리 : 한국건설관리학회 학회지 Vol.3 No.1

at the design phase and the effective design phase VE application, it is not sufficient to implement VE study at the design phase in the domestic construction industry. The method for estimating design phase VE consulting Fee regulated in current guideline and the insufficient incentive system according to the result of design phase VE application are major problems among the problems related to the roadblock of the active implementation Design phase VE. In this paper, firstly the current methods for estimating Engineering business consulting fee analogous to design phase VE and the domestic and foreign design VE consulting fee were examined, and detailed problems related to the method for estimating design VE consulting fee were indicated, and the Improvement direction were established. Secondly, the estimating strategy for the design phase VE consulting fee and the payment strategy of incentive according to the result of savings were proposed. Finally, the strategies were verified by interview with the experts. 설계단계에서 VE를 적용하면 커다란 효과를 볼 수 있음에도 불구하고 국내에서는 설계단계의 VE가 활성화되지 못하고 있다. 특히 적절한 VB수행에 대한 적절한 용역대가 산정 기준의 부재는 설계VE의 적극적 활용을 가로막는 주요원인이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 설계YE와 유사한 용역업무의 대가산정 현황과 국내외 설계YE 용역대가 산정현황을 분석하여 현재 YE 용역대가 산정의 주요한 문제점을 도출하고 개선방향을 제시하였다. 다음으로 VE 용역대가 산정방안과 수행결과에 따른 인센티브 지급 방안을 제시하였다 마지막으로 면담을 통해 제안된 방안의 유효성을 검증하였다.

홍화약침액(紅花藥鍼液)이 t-Butylhydroperoxide에 의한 가토(家兎)의 뇌조직(腦組織) Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase 활성장애(活性障碍)에 미치는 영향(影響)

김철웅,서정철,윤현민,장경전,송춘호,안창범,Kim, Cheol-Woong,Seo, Jung-Chul,Youn, Hyoun-Min,Jang, Kyung-Jeon,Song, Choon-Ho,Ahn, Chang-Beohm 대한침구의학회 2001 대한침구의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Objectives ; This study was undertaken to determine whether Carthami-Flos aquacapuncture (CFA) exerts protective effect against oxidant-induced inhibition of $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase activity in cerebral synaptosomes. Methods and Results ; The enzyme activity was dependent on incubation time and enzyme protein concentrations. An oxidant t-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP) at 1 mM concentration caused a significant inhibition of $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase activity, which was prevented by addition of 0.01% CFA. tBHP inhibition and CFA protection were independent on incubation time or enzyme protein concentrations. The enzyme activity was increased by ATP in a dose dependent manner. Effects of tBHP and CFA were not affected by ATP cocentrations. tBHP (1 mM) produced a significant increase in lipid peroxidation in cerebral synaptosomes, which was prevented by 0.01% CFA. CFA decreased oxygen free radicals generated induced by the phorbol-ester in a dose-dependent manner in human neutrophil. Conclusions ; These results suggest that CFA exerts protective effect against tBHP-induced inhibition of $Na^+-K^+$-ATPase activity, which is due to by an antioxidant action resulting from a direct scavenging effect of oxygen free radicals in the cerebral synaptosomes.

임상검사에서의 정도관리(2)

김철웅,Kim, Cheol-Ung 대한산업보건협회 2002 산업보건 Vol.167 No.-

특수건강진단기관의 임상정도관리에 대한 분석

김철웅,Kim, Cheol-Ung 대한산업보건협회 2000 산업보건 Vol.141 No.-

ADL(Activities of Daily Living)을 이용한 무료노인요양시설 수용노인의 돌봄필요도에 관한 연구

김철웅,문옥륜,이상이,유재원,이상구,Kim, Chul-Woung,Moon, Ok-Ryun,Lee, Sang-Yi,Yoo, Jae-Won,Yi, Sang-Gu 대한예방의학회 1998 예방의학회지 Vol.31 No.3

본 연구는 우리나라 노인요양시설의 종사자 배치현황을 검토하고, 노인요양시설에 수용되어 있는 노인들의 건강상태와 돌봄 필요시간을 측정함으로써 건강상태와 돌봄필요도에 따라 필요한 돌봄인력의 추정에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있도록 하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 강원도 2개 요양시설과 서울 2개 요양시설에 수용되어 있는 187명의 노인에 대하여 직접면접조사를 실시하였고, 159 명에 대하여 면접이 이루어져 85%의 조사율을 보였다. 각 시설의 시설장 및 총무를 대상으로 시설인력현황을 조사표를 통하여 직접 작성하게 하였다. 강원도와 서울 일부 요양원에 입소하고 있는 노인들의 인구사회학적 특성에 대해서는 본 대학원 석사과정 학생 6명이 노인들을 대상으로 직접 면접조사를 실시하였고, 돌봄 소요시간의 경우, 입소노인의 돌봄을 담당하는 간호(조무)사 및 생활보조원을 대상으로 조사표를 통하여 직접 작성하게 하였다. 이상의 연구방법을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 조사대상 4개 요양시설 모두 노인복지시설의 인력기준에 미달하고 있다. 2. 노인의 건강평가도구 중 ADL이 노인의 총 돌봄 필요시간과 가장 높은 상관성을 보여주고 있고, 다중 회귀분석의 결과, 돌봄 소요시간에 영향을 주는 유의한 변수는 단지 일상생활 수행능력 하나였고, 일상생활 수행능력 점수가 클수록, 즉 노인의 의존도가 클수록 돌봄 소요시간이 커지는 경향이 있었다. 3. 개별 입소노인의 ADL 총 점수를 네 그룹으로 나누었을 때, 그룹별 평균 돌봄 소요시간은 I군에서 IV군이 각각 하루에 15.3분, 21.1분, 36.7분, 88.8분의 돌봄서비스를 요구하고 있다. 4. 노인요양시설별로 ADL 그룹별 환자의 분포를 보면, 전체적으로 II군에 속하는 노인은 40.0%로 가장 많았으며, I군, III군, IV군의 순을 보여주고 있다. 시설별로 ADL 그룹별 환자의 수는 유의한 차이를 보여주지 못하고 있다. 5. 모든 요양시설의 간호사와 보조원 수는 입소노인의 건강상태를 반영하여 추정한 적정인력에 미치지 못하고 있다. 그러나, 법정기준에 의한 간호사와 보조원수는 노인의 돌봄필요도를 반영하여 추정한 수 보다 높게 나타나고 있어 본 연구의 조사대상 요양시설과 비슷한 건강분포를 보이는 노인요양시설의 경우에는 법정기준에 부합하다고 할 수 있다. 그리고, 노인복지사업지침에 근거한 예산지원기준을 적용시킬 때는 모든 요양시설에서 적정인력에 미치지 못하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 6. 무료노인요양시설의 전문인력을 확보하기 위해서는, 무엇보다도 사회복지 시설 종사자에 대한 처우 개선방향과 상응하는 방향으로, 급여수준을 상향조정하여야 할 것이다. 7. 노인들의 요양필요도를 실제적으로 파악함에 있어 ADL을 이용한 건강지표가 장기적으로는 노인요양 시설의 단순 입소판정기준으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. Most extended care facilities have admitted both the healthy and unhealthy elderly, among which members' average caring demand vary. The Aged Welfare Law, however, currently provides no reasonable basis on the staffing policy for extended care facilities. It just reflects the admitted number of the elderly rather than differences in members' average caring demand among facilities. This study is designed to estimate the need for caring staff on the basis of the correlation between the individual health status measured by various tools including Activities of Daily Living and caring demand by actual service time for each one. The sample included all of the admitted elderly(187 persons) in 4 extended care facilities, two in Seoul and the other two in Kangwon-Do over the survey period October 5 through October 20, 1996. The survey process consisted of 3 stages. (1) The current staffing information was collected through self-completed written questionnaires left for head of official in each facility. (2) Six graduate students at School of Public Health interviewed all residents to collect information on their health status and sociodemographics. The response rate for the interview was relatively high(85%). (3) Information on direct and indirect caring time consumed for each residents came from self-completed written questionnaires given to nurses and helpers in each target facilities. Analysis of the data was made using Pearson's correlation and multiple regression technique through SAS program. Based on this procedure, the following was found. 1. No facility meet the staffing standard in the Aged Welfare Law completely. 2. It is actual service time that is most correlated with ADL(Activities of daily living). 3. When all of the elderly are divided by four groups based on the level of ADL, the mean values of needed caring time in each group are 15, 21, 36 and 88 minutes respectively. 4. There is no significant difference among facilities in distribution of elderly person by group. 5. No facility meets the estimated number of nurses and helpers which reflects health status of the admitted elderly. Therefore, it is required that severity of the admitted elderly be considered in establishing staffing standard for extended care facility.

해외 연수기 - 북경을 다녀와서

김철웅,Kim, Cheol-Ung 대한산업보건협회 2001 산업보건 Vol.158 No.-

( CH3 )2 SiCl2 - ( CH3 )3SiCl , ( CH3 )2SiCl2 - CH3SiCl3 , CH3SiCl3 - ( CH3 )3SiCL 계의 등온 기액평형에 관한 연구 ( 2 )

김철웅,김범식,고재천,이정민 ( Chulung Kim,Beom Sik Kim,Jae Cheon Koh,Jung Min Lee ) 한국화학공학회 1993 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.31 No.6

Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibria have been measured for Me₂SiCl₂(1) -Me₃SiCl(2), Me₂SiCl₂(1)-Me₃SiCl(2) and MeSiCl₃(1)-Me₃SiCl(2) at 50℃ using headspace gas chromatography. The obtained results were correlated to the Wilson, Van Larr, Margules, NRTL equations. These experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium data for binary systems of methylchlorosilanes are presented as the basic data of separation process.

VIP/Sim : Statecharts에 기반을 둔 가상 프로토타이핑 시뮬레이터 설계 및 구현

김철웅,한상용,최진영,이정아,Kim, Cheol-Ung,Han, Sang-Yong,Choe, Jin-Yeong,Lee, Jeong-A 한국정보처리학회 2000 정보처리논문지 Vol.7 No.3

A Visual development framework for embedded system is presented based on virtual prototyping. Embedded systems often are used in life critical situation, where reliability is very important. Time_to_market, correctness, user_friendly_design are another features required for embedded system design. However, embedded systems are today designed with an ad hoc approach that is heavily based on earlier experience with similar products. We believe that new design paradigm is needed and it should be based on the use of formal model and visual system to describe the behavior of the system at a high level abstraction. Virtual prototyping has all the required features. It has the following advantages; correct design, clear interface definition, idea experimentation, increased communication. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of VIP/Sim(Virtual Prototyping Simulator), a visionary development framework for embedded system design. New feature such as state polymorphism is augmented to the de_facto standard formal language, statechart, for enhanced dynamic modeling. Actual design experience with VIP/Sim is also discussed.