논에서 잡초발생패턴 조사

김창석,이정란,김경훈,김미선,박찬애,이인용,Kim, Chang-Seok,Lee, Jeong-Ran,Kim, Kyung-Hoon,Kim, Mi-Seon,Park, Chan-Ea,Lee, In-Yong 한국잡초학회한국잔디학회 2012 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.32 No.1

교애사물탕이 랫드의 모체와 태자에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

김창석,박해모,신헌태,이장우,김경태,김판기,이선동,한상백,한용주,Kim, Chang-Seok,Park, Hae-Mo,Shin, Hun-Tae,Lee, Jang-Woo,Kim, Kyung-Tae,Kim, Pan-Gyi,Lee, Sun-Dong,Han, Sang-Baek,Hahn, Yong-Joo 대한예방한의학회 2006 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Gyoaesamultang in pregnant rats and their fetuses. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with the Gyoaesamultang at dose of 5mg/kg/day for 20 days. Pregnant rats were sacrificed at 20th day of gestation, and observed internal and reproductive organs. Approximately, live fetuses in the 20th day of gestation were randomly selected and fixed in 95% ethanol. To observe skeletal malformations, fetuses were stained with alcian blue and alizarin red S. Maternal body weight of Gyoaesamultang treated group has a tendency to increase compared to that of control group. There were no significant difference in internal and reproductive organs. There were no significant changes between two groups in blood chemistry and hematological values. There were no significant changes in number of corpus luteum, implantation, live fetuses and implantation rate, delivery rate, late resorption rate and sex ratio. But Gyoaesamultang administered group showed lower early resorption rate than the control group. Neonatal body weight and number of fetus of Gyoaesamultang group were increased to that of control group. The fetuses of dams treated with Gyoaesamultang didn't showed external malformation. Vertebral and sternal variations were observed in Gyoaesamultang group but, compared to the control, those variations were insignificant. The number of ribs, cervical, thoracic, and lumber were normal. The number of sacral and caudal vertebrae were increased. Fetuses treated with Gyoaesamultang showed significant difference in the number of caudal vertebra(P<0.01). From these results, it can be concluded that Gyoaesamultang showed no toxicity effects on maternal body weight, early resorption rate, and number of live fetuses. There were no significant changes in organ weight, hematological data, reproductive organs. Although skeletal variations were showed in vertebrate and sternum, Gyoaesamultang were shown insignificant changes in bone malformation.

고혈압의 한약 치료에 대한 연구동향 분석

김창석,김영은,김철,김진현,예상준,송미영,Kim, Chang-Seok,Kim, Young-Eun,Kim, Chul,Kim, Jin-Hyun,Yea, Sang-Jun,Song, Mi-Young 대한예방한의학회 2011 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Objectives : This study aims to provide the fundamental information for future researches on combined medications of the oriental-western medicines or development of new Oriental medicine for hypertension. Methods : Every article related to hypertension was initially searched at journal web site, 'OASIS' and we finally analyzed 118 papers according to study types, kinds of herbal medicine, frequencies of herbal medicine, and results of researches. Results : Most studies were experiment researches which were composed of in vivo or in vitro. The formulas divided into 41 single and 99 complex prescriptions and total 218 medicinal materials were used in complex ones. The major effects of single prescriptions were decrease of the control of ACE activity and ANP concentration, while the effects of complex ones were various such as decrease of aldosteron concentration, decrease of epinephrine concentration, decrease of the heart rate, and decrease of dopamine concentration. Conclusions : More clinical studies based on scientific evidences should be done and the outcomes of this pilot study will contribute to development of Oriental medicines as substitute or combination for the western-hypertension remedies.

ER2XML :개체-관계 모델을 기반으로한 XML Schema 생성기의 구현

김창석,손동철,Kim Chang Suk,Son Dong-Cheul 한국정보처리학회 2005 정보처리학회논문지D Vol.12 No.1

XML이 웹 상에서 문서 교환의 표준으로 자리잡고 있으며 피 수요가 나날이 증가하고 있다. 그에 따라 in 데이터나 문서 구조를 모델링하는 XML Schema(W3C XML Schema Spec) 또한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 XML Schema는 다양한 자료형과 풍부한 표현력을 제공하지만 그 복잡성으로 인해 모델링하기가 어려운 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 관계형 데이터베이스 설계의 기본적인 도구인 개체-관계 모델을 이용하여 XML Schema를 간단하게 생성하는 방법을 제시한다. 개체-관계 모델과 변환될 XML Schema의 구조는 서로 일대일로 매핑되지 않아 직접 변환할 수는 없다. 그래서 몇 가지 알고리즘을 이용하여 개체-관계 모델을 계층적 구조모델로 변환을 한다. 이렇게 변환된 계층적 구조 모델을 이용하여 최종적으로 XML Schema를 생성한다. 기존의 XML Schema 생성 방법은 개체 간의 속성이 상위 혹은 하위로 이동하면서 최초 설계시의 개체가 사라지므로 XML Schema의 중요한 특성인 재사용성을 이용할 수 없다는 단점을 가진다. 석기서 제시한 알고리즘은 XML Schema의 중요한 특성들인 재사용성, 전역 및 지역 기능 등을 가진 문서를 생성한다는 것이다. The XML is emerging as standard language for data exchange on the Web. Therefore a demand of XML Schema(W3C MLL Schema Spec.) that verifies XML document becomes increasing. However, XML Schema has a weak point for design because of its complication despiteof various data and abundant expressiveness. This paper shows a simple way of design for XML Schema using a fundamental means for database design, the Entity-Relationship model. The conversion from the Entity-Relationship model to XML Schema can not be directly on account of discordance between the two models. So we present some algorithms to generate XML Schema from the Entity-Relationship model. The algorithms produce XML Schema codes using a hierarchical view representation. An important objective of this automatic generation is to preserve XML Schema's characteristics such as reusability, global and local ability, ability of expansion and various type changes.

파장훑음 레이저의 개발

김창석,이휘돈,Kim, Chang-Seok,Lee, Hwi-Don 한국광학회 2017 광학과 기술 Vol.21 No.1

오스테나이트 침질탄화 처리한 고탄소 크롬 베어링강의 표면층 분석

김창석,진재관,김동건 ( C . S . Kim,J . K . Jin,D . K . Kim ) 한국열처리공학회 1995 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.8 No.4

To investigate the characteristics of nitrocarburizing for high carbon chromium bearing steel, it was undertaken 4 hours holding at 850℃ in the atmosphere containing 60% endothermic gas and 40% ammonia. The microstructure of nitrocarburized surface consists of ε-Fe_(2-3)N, γ`-Fe₄N, Fe₃C and Fe₃(C,N), and the ε-nitride was rich in the surface-internal part. The nitrocarburized surface contains a larger volume fraction of primary carbonitrides and has more retained austenite and is slightly harder than the interior.

집합주거단지의 근린주구계획

김창석,Kim, Chang-Seok 대한건축사협회 1991 建築士 Vol.1991 No.11

N-Cyanoethylazacrown의 합성과 그의 전이 금속 착물 형성 상수

김창석,김동원,정용순,최기영,홍춘표,Kim, Chang Suk,Kim, Dong Won,Chung, Yong Soon,Choi, Ki Young,Hong, Choon Pyo 대한화학회 2000 대한화학회지 Vol.44 No.3

주요 광엽잡초 유묘의 형태적 특성을 기초로 한 간이 식별법

김창석,정영재,이인용,조정래,오세문,박재읍,Kim, Chang-Seok,Chung, Young-Jae,Lee, In-Yong,Cho, Jung-Lai,Oh, Se-Mun,Park, Jae-Eup 한국잡초학회 한국잔디학회 2010 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.31 No.4

농경지에 발생하는 주요 잡초에 대한 유묘기 검색방법을 개발하기 위하여 주요 잡초 60종에 대한 양적, 질적형질을 조사하였다. 잡초 유묘를 동정하는 형질로는 질적형질이 양적형질에 비해 보다 더 유용하였다. 자엽의 형태는 타원형과 광타원형이 가장 많았다. 차풀과 큰메꽃은 자엽의 형태가 넓은 직사각형이었다. 자엽의 형태가 횡광타원형인 초종은 4종이었다. 취명아주 등 22종의 잡초는 자엽의 형태가 1개 이상이었다. 이 중 자엽의 형태가 3가지 이상인 초종은 4종으로서 마디풀과의 참소리쟁이와 여뀌 그리고 대극과의 애기땅빈대와 깨풀이었다. 새팥은 자엽이 지면아래의 종자 속에 남아 있었다. 자엽의 엽두는 원두가 가장 많았다. 자엽의 엽저는 쐐기저가 가장 많았다. 환삼덩굴과 마디풀은 자엽의 엽저가 무엽병저였다. 일부 초종은 제 1본엽기와 제 2본엽기때 본엽의 형태가 각각 상이한 경우도 있었다. 돌콩, 새팥 및 매듭풀은 제 1본엽이 각각 광란형, 심장형, 원형 또는 광도란형이었나 제 2본엽에서는 3초종 모두 3출엽으로 전개되었다. 그리고 자귀풀과 차풀은 제 1, 2본엽의 형태가 우수우상복엽이었다. 본엽의 가장자리는 주로 전연이었으나, 큰도꼬마리를 포함한 6종은 제 1, 2본엽의 엽연이 치상거치였다. 애기땅빈대는 제 1본엽의 엽연이 전연, 제 2본엽의 엽연이 치상거치였다. 명아주과의 흰명아주와 좀명아주의 엽연은 제 1본엽기에는 전연, 제 2본엽기에는 불규칙거치였다. 잡초 유묘 자엽의 양적형질은 질적형질에 비해 종 동정 시 활용도는 떨어지나 초종에 따라서는 매우 유용한 경우도 있었다. 농경지 주요 광엽잡초 유묘에 대한 자엽 및 본엽의 질적 형질을 이용하여 간이 식별법을 제시하였다. 식법법 작성 시 자엽의 형태가 1개 이상인 잡초종에 대해서는 각각의 자엽 형태를 이용하여 종 동정이 가능하도록 하였다. This study was conducted to develope identification method with major broad leaved weed seedlings. Characteristics of weed seedlings were investigated at two to four true leaf stage. Qualitative characteristics were more useful to identification of weed species than quantitative characteristics at the seedling stage. Many species were elliptic and broadly elliptic type in their cotyledon shape. Cotyledon shape of Cassia nomame and Calystegia sepium were broadly oblong. Four species were transverse broadly elliptic in their cotyledon shape. Rumex japonicus, Persicaria hydropiper, Euphorbia supina and Acalypha australis have three or more types in their cotyledon shape. Cotyledons of Vigna angularis var. nipponensis remained below ground after its germination. Many species were round in apex and were cuneate in base of cotyledon. Humulus japonicus and Polygonum aviculare were sessile in cotyledon base. The second true leaf shape of some species changed after first leaf stages. Glycine soja, V. angularis var. nipponensis and Kummerowia striata were broadly ovate, heart-shaped, orbicular or broadly obovate in their first true leaf, respectively, but the second true leaf shape of them were tripalmately compound. Aeschynomene indica and Cassia nomame were paripinnately compound leaf in their first and second true leaves. Margin of true leaves were entire in many species but six species including Xanthium occidentale were dentate in their true leaf margins. Margin of Euphorbia supina was entire in first true leaf and dentate in second true leaf. Margin of Chenopodium album and C. serotinum were entire in their first true leaf stage and erose in their second true leaf stage. The key for weed seedling identification of major weed species were made based on quantitative and qualitative morphological characteristics.

관계형 데이터 모델 기반 군사용 데이터베이스의 XML 데이터베이스로의 변환

김창석,김응수,Kim, Chang-Seok,Kim, Eong-Su 대전대학교 군사연구원 2003 군사학연구 Vol.1 No.-

AS Extensible Markup Language(XML) is emerging as the data format of the Internet era, there are increasing needs to efficiently transform between database and XML documents. In this paper, we propose a schema transformation method from relational database to XML database. To transform the schema, we represent input schema as Entity-Relationship diagram. Entity-Relationship model translator scans the input Entity-Relationship diagram using BFS (breadth First Search) and translates the diagram into hierarchical structure model. The XML Schema generator produces XML Scema code using the transformed hierarchical structure model. The proposed method has a merit that having reusability facility of XML Schema property in comparison with existing researches.