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Close-Coupled Catalysic Converter 입구의 유동분포 측정 및 수치해석
조용석(Y.S.Cho),김창래(C.R.Kim),김득상(D.S.Kim),이윤석(Y.S.Lee),주영철(J.Y.Joo),한민섭(M.S.Han) 한국자동차공학회 1997 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.6_1
Results from an experimental study of flow distribution in a close-coupled catalytic converter (CCC) are presented. The experiments were carried out with a flow measurement system. Two cases were studied; steady flow condition and transient flow condition. The flow distribution at the exit of the first monolith of the CCC was measured with a pitot tube. Results from numerical analysis are also presented.<br/> Experimental results showed that the uniformity index of exhaust gas velocity decreases as Reynolds number increases. In steady flow conditions, the flow through each exhaust pipe makes the flow concentrate on a small region of the CCC inlet. On the other hand, the transient test results showed that the flow through each exhaust pipe in the engine firing order interacts with each other to make the flow distribution uniform. The results from numerical analysis support the experimental results, and help explain the flow in the entry region of the CCC.<br/>
대사에너지가 열 스트레스에 노출된 오리의 혈액 생체지표에 미치는 영향
심준보(J. B. Sim),최두형(D. H. Choi),김창래(C. R. Kim),박병성(B. S. Park) 한국유화학회 2017 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.34 No.1
본 연구의 목표는 열 스트레스 하에서 오리사료 내 대사에너지(ME) 수준이 혈액 매개변수에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이었다. 총 240마리의 육용 오리 채리밸리((Anas platyrhynchos)를 4처리구로 완전임의배치 한 후 42일 동안 사육하였다. 처리구는 ME 2900 kcal/kg, ME 3000 kcal/kg, ME 3100 kcal/kg 및 ME 3200 kcal/kg로 구분하였다. 혈액 지질 프로파일은 ME 3000과 비교할 때 ME 2900이 높았으나 ME 3100과 ME 3200은 낮았다 (p < 0.05). 혈액 aspartate aminotransferase (AST)와 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 수준은 ME 3000과 비교할 때 ME 3100과 ME 3200에서 증가하였다 (p < 0.05). 혈액 적혈구와 혈소판 프로파일은 ME 3000과 비교할 때 ME 3100과 ME 3200은 높아졌으나 ME 2900은 감소하였다 (p < 0.05). 혈액 전해질 가운데, chloride (Cl-) 농도는 ME 3000과 비교할 때 ME 2900에서 낮아졌다 (p < 0.05). 혈액 가스와 PCO2는 ME 3000과 비교할 때 ME 2900에서 감소하였다 (p < 0.05). 혈액 면역물질(IgG) 수준은 ME 3000과 비교할 때 ME 2900에서 줄어들었다 (p < 0.05). 스트레스 호르몬, 코르티코스테론은 ME 3000과 비교할 때 ME 2900에서 높아졌으나 ME 3100과 ME 3200은 낮아졌다 (p < 0.05). The objective of this study was to determine the influence of dietary metabolic energy (ME) on blood parameters in duck under heat stress. A total of 240 meat ducks Cherry valley (Anas platyrhynchos) were assigned into four treatment groups with a randomized block design for 42 days. The four treatments were: ME 2900 kcal/kg, ME 3000 kcal/kg, ME 3100 kcal/kg, and ME 3200 kcal/kg. Blood lipid profiles was higher in ME 2900 but lower in ME 3100 and ME 3200 than that of ME 3000 (p < 0.05). Blood aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were higher in ME 3100 and ME 3200 compared those in ME 3000 (p < 0.05). The blood red cell and platelet profiles were increased in ME 3100 and ME 3200, but reduced in ME 2900 compared to those in ME 3000 (p < 0.05). Among blood electrolytes, chloride (Cl-) concentration was decreased in ME 2900 compared to that in ME 3000. Blood gas PCO2 was reduced in ME 2900 compared to that in ME 3000 (p < 0.05). Blood immunoglobulin (IgG) level was reduced in ME 2900 compared to that in ME 3000 (p < 0.05). Level of stress hormone, corticosterone was increased in ME 2900, but decreased in ME 3100 and ME 3200 compared to that in ME 3000 (p < 0.05).