Radiofluorinated Ethyluracil과 Deoxyadenosine을 이용한 종양세포 증식의 영상화에 대한 연구

김창근,양경문,김의신 ( Chang Guhn Kim,David J . Yang,E . Edmund Kim ) 대한핵의학회 1996 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.30 No.4

고형음식물 위배출시 초기 정체기의 존재에 대한 연구

김창근(Chang Guhn Kim),원종진(Jong Jin Won),나용호(Yong Ho Nah),이지영(Ji Young Lee),이경수(Kyoung Soo Lee),정선관(Seon Kwang Juhng) 대한핵의학회 1991 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.25 No.2

N/A The purpose of this study was to examine the existence of a lag phase of gastric emptying of solid meals. We studied solid phase gastric emptying in 26 normal subject using continuous data aquisition for 30 minutes. Each ingested a 300 g meal containing 99mTc-labeled scrambled egg (solid l50 g, milk 150 ml). Lag phase was deterrnined by 1) inspection of the gastric emptying curve 2) time to a 2% decrease in stomach activity 3) the tirne of visual appearance of duodenal activity on computer image We concluded that solid meal lag phase exist.

유방암 환자에서 종양조직내 Collagenase 활성도와 골스캔과의 비교

김창근(Chang Guhn Kim),최시성(See Sung Choi),김현정(Hyun Jeong Kim),김선구(Seon Gu Kim),임형근(Hyung Guhn Lim),노병석(Byung Suk Roh) 대한핵의학회 1996 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.30 No.3

N/A Purpose: It has been known that the activity of extracellular matrix degradative enzymes such as collagenase correlate well with the metastaic potential of various tumor cells in experimental study. This study was aimed at comparing the activities of type IV collagenase with bone scan findings in patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively correlated bone scan findings with the results of immunohistochemical staining for 92kDa, 72kDa type IV collagenase in 28, and 30 patients with metastatic breast cancer, respectively, as well as 23, and 27 patients with primary breast cancer, respectively. The immunohistochemical staining was performed with tissue specimens obtained from primary or metastatic breast tumor lesions. The amounts of the enzyme were graded from 0 to 4 and scored by multiplication metastasis was also scored from 1 to 5 with increasing probability. Results: There was a significant difference in enzyme scores between patients with and without metastasis. In patients with primary breast cancer group, the frequency of patients with enzyme score of less than 170 were 96%(26/27) and 100%(26/26) with 92kDa and 72kDa collagenase, respectively. In contrast, in patients with metastatic breast cancer group, the frequency of patients with enzyme score of more than 200 were 93%(28/30) and 87%(26/30) with 92kDa and 72kDa collagenase, respectively. All patients with each enzyme score of less than 170 show no active bony metastasis, however, there were variable bone scan findings in patients with each enzyme score of more than 200. Conclusion: Bone scan is useful to confirm, localize or follow up of bony metastasis in patients with each enzyme scores of more than 200. Acitve metastatic lesions were hardly seen on the bone scintigraphy in patients with collagenase scores of less than 170.

18F-FDG PET을 이용한 림프종 치료 반응 평가 18F-FDG PET의 진단 성능 특성과 구간 우도비

김창근 ( Chang Guhn Kim ),김대응 ( Dae Weung Kim ),박무림 ( Moo Rim Park ) 대한핵의학회 2009 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.43 No.5

In this paper, the authors intended to summarize briefly the features of lymphoma with regard to 18F-FDG PET for assessment of tumor response to therapy, to describe why assessment of treatment response should be performed, to review what method so far has been used in monitoring treatment response, to discuss what limitations of morphologic imaging criteria for assessing tumor response are, in compared with 18F-FDG PET, and to introduce recently proposed criteria for assessing tumor response in malignant lymphoma. And also the authors emphasize the need to understand the characteristics of diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET in several clinical settings in order to interpret 18F-FDG PET results appropriately, and to encourage the use of interval likelihood ratio to enhance clinical implications of test results which, in turns, allows referring physicians to understand the meaning of interpretation with easy. Until recently, treatment response has been assessed according to the morphologic criteria. Metabolic imaging with 18F-FDG PET was adopted to have important role for treatment assessment in IWC+PET criteria proposed recently by IHP. To accomplish this role, we should perform and interpret 18F-FDG PET according to IWC+PET criteria. It is important for referring physicians to understand the various limitations of 18F-FDG PET and pitfalls in PET interpretation, and to understand that clinical information are needed by nuclear medicine physicians to optimize the interpretation of 18F-FDG PET. (Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2009;43(5):369-385)

갑상선 암의 방사성요오드 치료 시 의료진은 방사선 피폭으로부터 안전한가?

김창근 ( Chang Guhn Kim ),김대응 ( Dae Weung Kim ) 대한핵의학회 2009 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.43 No.4

Radioiodine ablation therapy has been considered to be a standard treatment for patient with differentiated thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy. Patients may need to be hospitalized to reduce radiation exposure of other people and relatives from radioactive patients receiving radioiodine therapy. Medical staffs, nursing staffs and technologists sometimes hesitate to contact patients in radioiodine therapy ward. The purpose of this paper is to introduce radiation dosimetry, estimate radiation dose from patients and emphasize the safety of radiation exposure from patients treated with high dose radioiodine in therapy ward. The major component of radiation dose from patient is external exposure. However external radiation dose from these patients treated with typical therapeutic dose of 4 to 8 GBq have a very low risk of cancer induction compared with other various risks occurring in daily life. The typical annual radiation dose without shielding received by patient is estimated to be 5 to 10 mSv, which is comparable with 100 to 200 times effective dose received by chest PA examination. Therefore, when we should keep in mind the general principle of radiation protection, the risks of radiation exposure from patients are low and the medical personnel are considered to be safe from radiation exposure. (Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2009;43(4):259-279)

Iodine - 131 - Iodomethyluridine을 이용한 종양세포증식의 영상화에 관한 실험적 연구

김창근(Chang Guhn Kim),원종진(Jong Jin Won),김현정(Hyun Jeong Kim),임형근(Hyung Guhn Lim),민경윤(Kyung Yoon Min),노지영(Ji Young Rho),정선관(Seon Kwan Juhng),양경문(David J . Yang) 대한핵의학회 1996 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.30 No.3

N/A Purpose: Noninvasive imaging of tumor cell proliferation could be helpful in the evaluation of tumor growth potential and could provide an early assessment of treatment response. Radiolabeled thymidine, uridine and adenosine have been used to evaluate tumor cell proliferation. These nucleoside analogs are incorporated into DNA during proliferation. Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine, an analog of Iodine-131-Iododeoxyuridine, is also involved in DNA/RNA synthesis. The purpose of this study was to develop Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine and image tumor proliferation using Iodine -131-Iodomethy-luridine. Materials and Methods: Radiosynthesis of Iodine-131-5-Iodo-2'-O- methyluridine(Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine) was prepared from 10 mg of 2'-O-methyluridine (Sigma chemical Co., St. Louis, Missouri)-and 2.1 mCi(SP. 10Ci/mg) of Iodine-131-labeled sodium iodide in 100 μl of water using iodogen reaction. Female Fischer 344 rats were inoculated in the thigh area with breast tumor cells (13765 NF, 105 cells/rat S.C.). After 14 days, the Iodine-131- Iodomethyluridine 10μCi was injected to three groups of rats(3/group). The percent of injected dose per gram of tissue weight was detennined at 0.5-hours, 2-hours, 4-hours, and 24-hours respectively. Tumor bearing rats after receiving Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine(50μCi/rat, IV) were euthanized at 2 hours after injection. Autoradiography was done using freeze-dried 50 μ m coronal section. After injection of Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine (100μCi/rat, IV) in three breast tumor-bearing rats, planar scintigraphy was taken at 45 minutes, 90 minutes and 24 hours. Results: Iodine-131-Iodomethyluridine was conveniently synthesized using iodogen reaction. The biodistribution showed fast blood clearance and the tumor-to-tissue uptake ratios showed that optimal imaging time was at 2 hours postinjection. Autoradiogram and planar scintigram indicated that tumor could be well visualized. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Iodine-131- Iodomethyluridine, a new radio-iodinated nucleoside, has potential use for evaluation of active regions of tumor growth.

초음파상 비전형적 소견을 보이는 간혈관종의 적혈구 표지 스캔소견

김창근(Chang Guhn Kim),원종진(Jong Jin Won),이지영(Ji Young Lee),이경수(Kyoung Soo Lee),김찬수(Chan Soo Kim),최시성(See Sung Choi) 대한핵의학회 1992 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.26 No.2

N/A We evaluated the scintigraphic findings of sonographically atypical hemangioma, that is, a hypoechoic or heterogeneously hypoechoic nodule which contains hypoechoic areas more than 40% of the volume, and compared it with those of sonographically typical hemangioma in 26 patients with 31 nodules. Sonographically atypical hemangioma were 13 in 11 patients and sonographically typical hemangioma were 18 the 15 patients. Dynamic blood flow, planar and SPECT blood pool imaging was performed. In atypical hemangioma, increased blood pool activity was seen in 11 of 13 nodules on SPECT and in 10 of 13 nodules on planar image and increased blood flow was seen in 4 of 13 nodules on dynamic blood flow study. No significant difference in detecting increased blood pool activity between sonographically atypical and typical hemangioma. In conclusion, Tc-99m-red blood cell SPECT is as useful in diagnosis of sonographically atypical hemangioma as in typical hemangioma and can be used as a confirmatory or complementary study.

일제강점기 경기도 배당 임시은사금의 지방비 전환에 관한 연구

김인호 한국민족운동사학회 2020 한국민족운동사연구 Vol.0 No.102

본 연구는 바로 지방비 회계로 이전한 1917년을 기준으로 경기도 지역에 부여된 임시은사금 세입세출의 실태와 회계상의 특징을 분석하고 그것이 가지는 식민지 통치상의 의미를 이해하는데 목적을 두었다. 분석의 결과, 첫째, 은사금의 연도별 세입(결산)은 기금이자수입, 예금이자수입, 잡수입, 전년도이월금, 기금편입금 등 5가지로 구성되었는데, 1910년10월 은사금이 배여된 이후 1916년까지 경기도은사금세입예산은 해마다 팽창하였다. 그 이유는 이자 외 생산물매각대금과 전년도이월금이 다시 조려되었기 때문이다. 생산물매각금도 매년 증가하여 예산의 팽창에 기여했다. 그런데 이월금이 팽창한 것은 역시 해마다 써야 할 사업비를 사용하지 않고 이월한 ‘전년도조려금’이 많았기 때문이다. 실제로 4년간 결산차이를 보면 웬만한 도의 한해 기금이자와 맞먹었다. 그런데, 지방비회계시대에 들면서 은사금 재정은 전년도조려금과 생산물매각대 등 잡수익이 회계에서 사라지면서 이전보다 절반 이하로 위축되었다. 즉, 1916년 333,703원이던 은사금 세입은 1920년대에는 15만원선 아래를 맴돌았다. 둘째, 경기도의 은사사업 예산인 수산비, 흉겸비, 교육비는 6:3:1 기준으로 각각 예산에 반영되었다. 그런데 독자회계시대는 수산비는 70% 이상, 교육비는 45% 이상 편성한 경우가 많았다. 그런데 결산상황을 보면, 예산에서 지정한 수산사업을 제대로 집행한 흔적이 없고, 고스란히 이월되었다. 전년도조월금은 1913년 87,886원80전5리에서 1916년 79,032원22전5리까지 4년간 총 355,510원13전에 달하였다. 흉겸비, 예비비 등은 아예 사용하지 않았고 결국 기금으로 편입되었으며, 교육보조비만 기준에 맞게 완전하게 지출되었다. 셋째, 독자회계시대 임시은사금은 지방비의 핵심적인 비중을 차지하였다. 1912년도 지방결산액에 대한 은사금결산액의 비중은 65%에 달했다. 독자회계시대에도 함남(전액), 경기도(흉겸비), 황해도(흉겸비) 등 일부 지역에서는 은사금재정을 지방비로 전환하여 사용하는 경우가 있었다. 또한 흉겸구제비에서 취업비, 식량비 이외 방출비, 유통비 등 행정비가 포함되기 시작했다. 넷째, 독자회계시대에는 기금이자 대비 각 사업비 비중(6: 3: 1)은 기준대로 제대로 지켜졌지만 1918년 이후 恩賜授産事業은 쇠퇴하였다. 지방비회계시대에는 수산사업에 대한 투자가 축소되다 보니 지방별 토목비나 일반 건설비에 상당한 은사금이 포함된 것으로 추정된다. 마지막으로 지방비회계시대에는 그나마 기금편입금이 기금이자를 증가시키는데 역할을 하였다. 1939년까지 경기도에선 약 103,394원22전이 기금편입금으로 축적되었다. 기금편입금은 공채원본과 달리 현금이었다. 그래서 총독부는 殖銀 대출을 대신하여 저리자금으로 일본인사업체에 대부하거나 도지사가 원하면 언제든 총독이 지정하는 공공단체(도지사와 면)에 활용할 수 있도록 법을 바꾸었다. 결국 기금편입금은 언제든지 지방비로 사용되도록 입출금 가능한 상태가 되었다. 그러다보니 사채나 공채만큼의 이자율을 확보하지 못한채 3.6%정도의 저리예금이자를 형성하는데 그쳤다. 요컨대, 경기도 임시은사금은 ‘조선인의 복리’라는 임시은사금 운영 목적이 퇴색하고, 점차 지방행정비화 하였으며 그나마 기준 이상 편성되었던 수산비도 지방비전환 이후 위축되면서 수산산업의 붕괴에도 일조하였다. 흉겸구제비는 대부분 기금편입금이 되 ... The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual status and accounting characteristics of revenue and expenditure of the temporary Royal bounty, granted to Gyeonggi-do as of 1917, when transferred to local expenses accounting, and to understand the implications of colonial rule. As a result of the analysis, first, the annual revenue of Royal bounty consisted of five interests: fund interest income, deposit interest income, miscellaneous income, carryover of last year, and transfer funds. After Royal bounty granted, in 1910, revenue budget of Gyeonggi-do Royal bounty expanded year by year into 1916. The reason for this was that the price sale of products and the carryover of last year was dropped again. The price sale of products also increased each year, contributing to the budget increase. However, the reason for the large amount of carryover is that there were a lot of 'previous grants' (= carryover) that did not use the annual business expenses. Second, Gyeong-gi bestowment business budget for industrial business, relief short crop, and education were reflected in the budget on a 6:3:1 basis. But in 1911, costs for industrial business were more than 70% and costs for education were more than 45%. However, By checking the accounts settled from 1913 to 1916, there was no trace of properly executing the industrial business designated by the budget, and it was carried forward. The carryover from previous year's amounted to 355,510won-13jeon for four years, ranging from 87,886won- 80jeon-5ri in 1913 to 79,032won-22jeon-5ri in 1916. Costs for short crop and reserve expense etc. were not used at all and were included in the fund. Only educational subsidies were completely spent. Fourth, temporary Royal bounty made up the core portion of local expenses in the independent accounting period. In other words, The proportion of Royal bounty settlement to local settlement was about 65% in 1912. In addition, though the independent accounting period, some areas, such as Ham-nam (full amount), Gyeonggi-do (short crop expenses), and Hwanghaehae-do (short crop expenses), began to use Royal bounty as local expenses or administrative expenses. In addition, administrative expenses such as employment, food, release, and distribution costs began to be included in the short crop expenses. The reason for moving to local accounting in 1917, also reflects the intention of converting it to local costs by utilizing the expansion of temporary Royal bounty. Fifth, Royal bounty has shrunk more than before the independent accounting period. That is, compared with the expansion from 227,431 won in 1913 to 333,703 won in 1916, the revenue of Royal bounty, which is the sum of fund interest and local subsidies, was reduced to 149,083 won in 1917. Of course, the main reason for the contraction was that miscellaneous incomes, such as the previous year's subsidies, were dropped to the bestowment business again during the independent accounting period. The fund transfer amounted to 103,394won 22jeon until 1939, equivalent to one year's original interest. And unlike the original composed of bonds, the funds were all cash. Thus, since June 1928, the Governor General changed the rules so that they can be loaned to public bodies (governors and Myun) or used for local expenses. by the Governor whenever he wished. As a result, fund transfers, which had to be used for local expenses at any time, could not be secured at interest rates as debentures or bonds, and were able to withdraw and deposit funds at a low interest rate of 3.6% in the banks. Sixth, the proportion of each project cost (6:3:1) to the fund's interest has been properly maintained according to the standard, but since 1918 the project has declined. The reason for this seems to be the result of the fund, expanded investment due to the constant gift of industrial expense, exited into fund transfer. In particular, it appears to have been used as a local civil or general construction cost rather than...

간세포 지향성 Galactosylated Chitosan 화합물의 표지 수율 향상 및 세포 독성에 대한 연구

김대응 ( Dae Weung Kim ),정환정 ( Hwan Jeong Jeong ),김은미 ( Eun Mi Kim ),김세림 ( Se Lim Kim ),강윤희 ( Yun Hee Kang ),김민우 ( Min Woo Kim ),김창근 ( Chang Guhn Kim ),손명희 ( Myung Hee Sohn ) 대한핵의학회 2005 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.39 No.5

Tc-99m-MAA 를 이용한 간세포암의 경동맥 관류스캔

김강득,손광준,민경윤,권영미,김창근,노병석,원종진 ( Gang Deuk Kim,Kwang Joon Sohn,Kyung Yoon Min,Young Mi Kwon,Chang Guhn Kim,Byung Suk Noh,Jong Jin Won ) 대한핵의학회 1994 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.28 No.3

Puryose : Hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy with Tc 99m macroggregated albumin (HAPS) study was carried out in 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and in six patients without liver tumor to evaluate HAPS findings of hepatocellular carcinoma and usefullness of HAPS, Materials and Methods : HAPS with planar and SPECT study were performed in 22 patients after conventional hepatic or celiac arteriography. For HAPS study, 4 5 mCi of MAA mixed with 2ml of saline was injected into proper hepatic artery or its distal branches at the rate of approximately 1ml/sec. We anatysed 21 HCCs over 2cm in diameter(average diameter : 6.4cm) and 17 of 21 HCCs were over 4cm in diameter(Table 1). CT, sonography and angiography were performed within two week in all 16 patients and liver scan was performed in 12 patients. Results : Three different pattern of tumor perfusion were observed in 16 pat.ients with HCC (Table 2), 1) diffuse increased perfusion in 16 of 21(76%)(Fig. 1) 2) increased peripheral perfusion in 4 of 21(19%)(Fig. 2) 3) diffuse decreased perfusion in 1 of 21(5%) Arteriovenous shunt indicated by lung uptake of MAA were observed in 9 of 16(56% ) (Fig. 4). In contrast, angiography demonstrates arteriovenous shunt in 2 of 16(13%). There was no accumulation of radioactivity on RRC blood pool scan in all six patients with HCC examined (Fig. 1). Conclusion : HAPS is useful study in evaluation of perfusion pattern or vascularity of HCC and in detection of arteriovenous shunt.