전망이론 측면에서 본 푸에블로호사건과 북한의 정책선택

김창규(Kim, Chang-kyu) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2018 군사 Vol.- No.106

This study is the analysis based on Prospect Theory for the North Korea’s mechanism of policy choices on the USS Pueblo Incident happened in 1968. The Kim’s reference points at the time of the USS Pueblo incident are externally to protect North Korea’s sovereignty, to strengthen the alliance with the U.S.S.R. and China in addition to maintaining the autonomy for national security, internally to consolidate the Kim’s autocratic power and to reinforce the revolutional power against the South Korea The USS Pueblo incident can be divided into two stages. The first stage is to seize of the USS Pueblo and the first response stage of the U.S.A. and North Korea. (from Jan. 16 to Feb. 1) At this stage, Kim estimated that the U.S.A. would not drive the situations to war because of her domestic and international political difficulties. In early January 1968, North Korea faced the difficult political situations due to her contradictory relationships with U.S.S.R. and China, the increase of consciousness to be encircled because of the establishment of the diplomatic relationship between South Korea and Japan, and the failure of the raid on Blue House by the North Korea’s guerrillas. In these situations, the information collection of the USS Pueblo on North Korea was a threat against North Korea’s security and a violation of North Korea’s sovereignty, and it was also a challenge against Kim. So Kim perceived the situations were in loss-domain on the basis of his 4 reference points and chose the risk-taking collision policy to seize of the USS Pueblo and to deny negotiation. The second stage is the negotiations between the U.S.A. and North Korea. (from Feb. 2 to Dec. 23). As all efforts were failed, the leadership of the U.S.A. could not help stopping the armed demonstration and sitting down on the table for the individual negotiations with North Korea. As the negotiations had been going on, the U.S.A. had somewhat conceded ‘3A’(Admit, Apologize, Assure) and North Korea could get the result to be admitted the North Korea’s sovereignty by the U.S.A. Kim had got the result to strengthen the alliance with the U.S.S.R. and to acquire her additional economical and military support, to improve the relationship with China, to enhance his internal & external prestige, to support the North Vietnam indirectly and to succeed in resulting in conflict between Korea and the U.S.A. These situations almost satisfied Kim’s 4 reference points. So Kim perceived the situations as gain-domain and decided to choose the risk-avoiding selection to conclude the negotiations. This study shows the effectiveness of Prospect Theory. It will be the short cut to grasp the reference points of North Korea’s leadership and the mechanism of policy choice and to cut or change its links in order to prevent and oppose the continuing North Korea’s provocation effectively. This study expects to contribute to this.

액상/기상중 전기선 폭발법을 이용한 은 나노유체의 제조 및 특성평가에 관한 연구

김창규,이경자,이창규,Kim, Chang-Kyu,Lee, Gyoung-Ja,Rhee, Chang-Kyu 한국재료학회 2009 한국재료학회지 Vol.19 No.9

The silver nanofluids were synthesized by the pulsed wire evaporation (PWE) method in a liquid-gas mixture. The size and microstructure of nanoparticles in the deionized water were investigated by a particle size analyzer (PSA), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Also, the synthesized nanofluids were investigated in order to assess the stability of dispersion of nanofluid by the zetapotential analyzer and dispersion stability analyzer. The results showed that the spherical silver nanoparticle formed in the deionized water and mean particle size was about 50 nm. Also, when explosion times were in the range of 20$\sim$200 times, the absolute value of zeta potential was less than -27 mV and the dispersion stability characteristic of low concentration silver nanofluid was better than the high concentration silver nanofluid by turbiscan.

산화구리 나노분말을 포함하는 에틸렌글리콜 용액의 열전특성에 관한 연구

김창규,이경자,이창규,Kim, Chang-Kyu,Lee, Gyoung-Ja,Rhee, Chang-Kyu 한국분말야금학회 2010 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.17 No.4

In the present work, ethylene glycol-based (EG) copper oxide nanofluids were synthesized by pulsed wire evaporation method. In order to explode the pure copper wire, high voltage of 23 kV was applied to the both ends of wire and argon/oxygen gas mixture was used as reactant gas. EG-based copper oxide nanofluids with different volume fraction were prepared by controlling explosion number of copper wire. From the transmission electron microscope (TEM) image, it was found that the copper oxide nanoparticles exhibited an average diameter about 100 nm with the oxide layer of 2~3 nm. The synthesized copper oxide consists of CuO/$Cu_2O$ phases and the Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area was estimated to be $6.86\;m^2\;g^{-1}$. From the analyses of thermal properties, it is suggested that viscosity and thermal conductivity of EG-based copper oxide nanofluids do not show temperature-dependent behavior over the range of 20 to $90^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, the viscosity and thermal conductivity of EG-based copper oxide nanofluids increase with volume fraction due to the active Brownian motion of the nanoparticles, i.e., nanoconvection.

전기선 폭발법을 이용하여 제조된 구리 나노유체의 특성평가

김창규,이경자,이창규,Kim, Chang-Kyu,Lee, Gyoung-Ja,Rhee, Chang-Kyu 한국분말야금학회 2010 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.17 No.4

Ethylene glycol-based Cu nanofluids were prepared by pulsed wire evaporation (PWE) method. The structural properties of Cu nanoparticles were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The average diameter and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area of Cu nanoparticles were about 100 nm and $7.46\;m^2/g$, respectively. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of copper nanofluid were measured as functions of Cu concentration and temperature. As the volume fraction of Cu nanoparticles increased, both the enhanced ratios of thermal conductivity and viscosity of Cu nanofluids increased. As the temperature increased, the enhanced ratio of thermal conductivity increased, but that ratio of viscosity decreased.

버킷인덱스와 블룸필터를 이용한 범위형 의료정보 암호화기법

김창규,김정태,유천영,김지홍,Kim, Chang-Kyu,Kim, Jung-Tae,Yu, Choun-Young,Kim, Ji-Hong 한국정보통신학회 2011 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.15 No.2

Recently, there are some social issues that personal sensitive data in database were let out. The best method to protect these personal sensitive data is used by the database encryption method. But the encrypting database makes the query difficult. So, there are a lot of study to protect the database and increase the query efficiency as well. In this paper, we analysed recent research trend to protect the sensitive data and propose the combined method using buckets and the bloom filter for the medical database with range property. Compared to bucket index model, the proposed method can increase bucket index value and protect data distribution exposure. We can estimate that this proposed method can improve searching time and efficiency. 최근 데이터베이스내의 개인정보의 유출이 사회적으로 이슈가 되고 있다. 개인의 민감한 정보를 보호하기 위한 최선의 방법은 데이터 암호화이다. 그러나 데이터를 암호화하면 질의어 처리가 어렵게 된다. 그러므로 데이터베이스를 보호하고 질의어 처리를 효율적으로 하기 위한 많은 방법들이 제안되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 연구에 대한 방법을 분석하고, 의료정보 데이터베이스내의 범위특성을 가진 데이터를 암호화하기 위한 방안으로서 버킷 방식과 블룸필터 방식을 이용한 복합적인 방법을 제안하였다. 버킷방식만을 적용한 경우에 비하여 본 논문에서 제안한 버킷방식과 블룸필터방식을 융합하여 적용한 경우에는 버킷의 개수를 늘일 수 있고, 이에 따른 사용자 데이터의 분포 노출을 방지할 수 있으며, 결과적으로 검색속도를 높일 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

Fe₃O₄ 나노분말을 이용한 전기화학적 비효소 면역센서 응답특성

김창규,이경자,엄영랑,이민구,이창규,Kim, Chang-Kyu,Lee, Gyoung-Ja,Uhm, Young-Rang,Lee, Min-Ku,Rhee, Chang-Kyu 한국분말야금학회 2009 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.16 No.3

In this paper, the electrochemical non-enzyme immunosensor has been developed for the determination of salmonella antigen, using inverse voltammetry. For the estimation of salmonella antigen concentration, the $Fe_3O_4$ nanoparticles synthesized by microemulsion method were conjugated with salmonella antigen. Then, the immunocomplex between antibody immobilized on the transducer surface and antigen containing a magnetic nanoparticles was formed. From the linear relationship between the reduction peak current of Fe(III) and salmonella antigen concentration, it is suggested that the electrochemical non-enzyme biosensor is applicable to detect salmonella antigen in the concentration range of $10^1-10^5$ CFU/ml.

Tritium Concentrations in Surface Seawater around Korean Peninsula

김창규,조용우,김계훈,Kim, Chang-Kyu,Cho, Yong-Woo,Kim, Kye-Hun Korean Association for Radiation Protection 1996 방사선방어학회지 Vol.21 No.2

전해농축법을 이용하여 한국 주변 해역 해수중 저준위 삼중수소를 측정하였다. 동 서 남해안에서 채취된 표충해수중 삼중수소를 측정한 결과, 삼중수소 농도는 $0.12 BqL^{-1}$에서 $1.50 BqL^{-1}$ 범위내의 값을 나타내었으며 그 평균값은 $0.60{\pm}0.353qL^{-1}$였다. 해역별 평균 삼중수소 농도는 동해안에서 $0.54{\pm}0.30 BqL^{-1}$ 남해안에서 $0.48{\pm}0.35 BqL^{-1}$. 서해안에서 $0.77{\pm}0.32 BqL^{-1}$의 농도분포를 각각 나타내었으며, 해역별로 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 또한, 시료채취지점이 매우 좁은 위도범위내에 한정되어 있어 위도에 따른 삼중수소 농도의 체계적인 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 표층해수 중 삼중수소 농도 준위는 일본 근해에서 조사된 결과와 매우 유사하였으며, 태평양지역에서의 삼중수소 농도에 비해서는 약간 높은 값을 나타내었다. An electrolytic enrichment technique was used to measure low levels of tritium in seawater around the Korean peninsula. Tritium concentrations were determined for surface seawater samples collected from the East Sea, the South Sea, and the Yellow Sea. The tritium concentrations in surface seawater samples from the study area ranged from $0.12 BqL^{-1}\;to\;1.50BqL^{-1}$ with a mean value of $0.60{\pm}0.35 BqL^{-1}$. The means of the tritium concentration were $0.54{\pm}0.30 BqL^{-1}$ for the East Sea, $0.48{\pm}0.35 BqL^{-1}$ for the South Sea, and $0.77{\pm}0.32 BqL^{-1}$ for the Yellow Sea. The tritium concentrations in the sea areas did not show much difference no matter where the samples were taken. Due to the limited number and distribution of sampling points, no systematic change in tritium levels with latitude was observed. Measured tritium levels were similar to those observed in other data collected near Japan, but higher than mid-Pacific Ocean measurements.

극저준위 액체섬광계수기와 파형분석법을 이용한 지하수 및 온천수중 $^{222}Rn$의 신속측정법

김창규,김철수,Kim, Chang-Kyu,Kim, Cheol-Su 대한방사선방어학회 1995 방사선방어학회지 Vol.20 No.2

계측이 간단하며 화학적 분리가 필요 없는 액체섬광계수법을 이용하여 일부 지하수 및 온천수중 $^{222}Rn$의 최적 분석조건을 검토하였다. $^{222}Rn$의 분석을 위한 최적 파형분석(PSA) 준위는 Optiphase HiSafe3 형광체 (Cocktail)에서 110, 그리고 톨루엔계열 형광체 (Toluene-based cocktail)에서는 90이었다. $^{222}Rn$의 계측효율은 Optiphase HiSafe3 형광체를 이용한 경우 ${\alpha}$영역에서의 계수효율은 유리용기는 282.2%, 테프론용기에서는 271.6%였으며, 톨루엔계열 형광체를 이용한 경우에는 유리용기와 테프론 용기에서 각각 262.3%, 247,5%였다. Optiphase HiSafe3 형광체와 테프론용기를 사용하여 60분간 계측하는 경우 ${\alpha}$-선 피크영역에서 $^{222}Rn$의 검출하한치는 $0.30Bq/{\iota}$였다. 또한, 본 연구에서 검토한 분석법은 일부 지하수 및 온천수중 $^{222}Rn$의 분석에도 응용되었다. For the determination of $^{222}Rn$ in water by a very simple and time saving liquid scintillation counting method that does not require any chemical separation, an optimum analytical condition has been investigated. The optimum pulse shape analysis(PSA) level for the measurement of $^{222}Rn$ using LKB 1220 Quantulus liquid scintillation counter was 110 for Optiphase HiSafe3 cocktail and 90 for toluene-based cocktail. The counting efficiencies of $^{222}Rn$ in the window covering u spectra using Optiphase HiSafe3 cocktail were 282.2% for glass vial and 271.6% for Teflon vial, whereas the counting efficiencies in toluene-based cocktail were 262.3% and 247.5% for glass and Teflon vials, respectively. The minimum detectable activity(MDA) in the u window for a 60-min measurement with a Teflon vial using Optiphase HiSafe3 cocktail was $0.30Bq/{\iota}$. The analytical method studied from this work was also applied to the determination of $^{222}Rn$ in some groundwater and hot spring water samples.

Disciplinary Sport Physiology Health Education , Sport Medicine : 신체 리듬이 혈액 성분 요인에 미치는 영향

김창규,서채문 ( Chang Kyu Kim,Chae Moon Suh ) 한국체육학회 1996 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.1996 No.2

자궁내장치와 병발된 만성골반염 및 자연분만 1 예

김창규,탁춘근,이윤호,Kim, Chang-Kyu,Tak, Choon-Keun,Lee, Yoon-Ho 대한생식의학회 1984 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.11 No.1

A nornal pregnancy with IUD in situ, which is extremely rare case, is reported with the brief reviews of literatures. And assoc i at i on between intrauterine device and pelvic inflammatory disease is also rported.