김억의 번역론 연구 : 근대문학의 장(場)과 번역자의 과제

김진희(Kim Jin-hee) 한국시학회 2010 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.28

In the beginning of the Korean modern literature since 1910's, Kim Eok played a crucial role as a translator for foreign literature and theory. During the acceptance of foreign literature, Kim realized the importance of translation and he is considered an intellectual who, as opposed to other contemporary translators, performed a bulk of translations from various countries. He was in the lead of balancing content and form, reforming he literary circles of translation in which there was abundance of arbitrary interpretations and content-concentrated translations. However, Kim Eok's translated works have been devalued by reason of erroneous and liberal translation of original works and inapt understanding. Researchers generally examine original and translated texts in tandem, after which they point out problems of the translations and attribute them to the translators' lack of capacity. The study of this paper presupposes that in-depth understanding of translated texts can be carried out only when the theory and practice of translation go in parallel. It argues that the negative evaluation for Kim's translations can be reconsidered through the study of theory. Kim argued for 'creative liberal translation,' and this paper investigates the formation and characteristics of this standpoint. This paper particularly looks into how symbolism, which Kim embraced, influenced Kim's view on translation. The acceptance of symbolism and the theory of translation are discussed in regard to the theory of translation maintained by Bejamin, a German literary critic who lived around the same time, in his book The Task of the Translator. The paper also examines Kim Eok's theory of translation in the sense that the act of translating foreign languages expands and deepens a mother tongue, which provides an opportunity to form and develop the self-identity. Kim's viewpoint on translation, which searches for the nature of poems, found modern poetic language for the Korean poetry, which was possible due to his exploration into language that represents this nature. Translating the western poems in the initial stage of modern literature implies admission and conveyance of heterogeneous culture, beyond simple written text, and creation of new culture. Kim Eok's translated works shows the creativity of cultural translation that is generated at the intersection of internal and external cultures. The literary world after 1920's, via translations, could realize the identity of modern literature by means of dialogue with others, i.e. dialogue between tradition and the West. Furthermore, it could have a foundation in creation of new culture. Along these lines of modern literature, Kim Eok's theory of translation presented ‘creative liberal translation’ and ‘creative translation’ as the task and direction for those who do the translation, including himself. It was an aspect of cultural action that Kim's theory evidently showed through translation.

근대 문학의 장(場)과 김억의 상징주의 수용

김진희 ( Kim Jin-hee ) 한국문학이론과 비평학회 2004 한국문학이론과 비평 Vol.22 No.-

It was in 1910s of the history of Korean modern poetic literature that new contents and forms of poetry had begun to be explored and practiced, though traditional poems and songs had been yet enjoyed in those days. In this history of literature it is enough to be remarkable that Earck Kim had provided the symbolic poetics for a found of the Korean modern poetry in 1910s. Earck Kim's literary activities whose had received and created the symbolic poetics were particularly to be remarkable in the early new-literature. But with these fruits his literature has debated as limits about how he had preponderately received poetry of P. M. Verlaine, and had tended to a senumentality and an musicality. Contrary, his literature also has appraised that he had suggested rules of set-form so called the ‘rhythmical poetics’ in 1930s against a superficial understanding about the receiving symbolism. This study has seen these characters of Earck Kim not as a limit or a fault of the receiving it but as a speciality and a personality of it, and even has illuminated objective and subjective elements which had these characters of him. For this study has laid a comparative literary view by using a framework(or methodology) that those elements have determinated a character of the receiving it according as D. Durisin had suggested the progressive study of the receiving. If the objective elements are to be a whole literary situation of one state receiving it, then the subjective elements are to be personality, individuality, creativity, and like of the literator in the state. By the way theories of Pierre Bourdieu's the ‘literature champ' and the ‘habitus' have been used as scientific epistemology and methodology in order that this study has explained stricter and more dynamic relationships how the subjective elements of literary subjects have been involved in the objective situations, and how they have determinated a character of the receiving it. For it has been to be thought effective how the ‘litterature champ' has been used to explain the objective elements of the receiver contacting them, and how the 'habitus' to explain the subjective elements of the receiver-self. With these methodologies this study has first examine on building up the ‘litterature champ' in 1910s and its characters as the objective elements of the receiving. And this study has concretely inquired Earck Kim’s poetic tendency which had regarded importantly sentimentality and emotion of ones as the subjective elements, his experiences of learning in and out Korea, and contents of learning about symbolism in Japan. Second, this study has tried to rethink a bout Earck Kim's the receiving symbolism based on above results. Anyway, his preponderantly receiving Verlaine could have been issued not from the lack of his power of the receiving symbolism, but from that symbolism had been harmonized with Earck Kim's personal poetic taste. His groping for a modern from of poetry also has been generated in a reflective thought against the utility litterature champ in which had been fixed the literary topical consciousness. And the rhythmic poetics which had tried to seek for rules of our language in 1930s has been turned out to be an inheritance from his inquiry of poetic farms before. Finally, Earck Kim had opened the individuals eyes into their self-consciousness through stimulating their emotions when the utility ideology had been emphasized. Consequently, Earck Kim in 1910s had obviously shown a direction of future lyrics through his reflection on the literature of the day in terms that he had made a fixed directive point toward the excluding thoughts and meanings from his poetry and the seeking for musicality in it, and that he had enlightened new poets on lyricism as their poetic defect.

김북원(金北原)의 문학사적 복원과 해방기 활동 연구

김진희 ( Kim Jin-hee ) 한국문학연구학회 2019 현대문학의 연구 Vol.0 No.68

남북한 문학사에서 김북원에 대한 소개 및 평가는 해방 전 문학성과를 봉인한 채, 한국 전쟁기 이후의 성과에 집중되어 왔다. 이는 해당 작가의 자료를 남한과 북한이 비교 논의하지 않았기 때문이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 김북원의 해방 전 문단 활동이 비교적 일찍부터 시작되었음을 필명을 찾아 밝히고 창작의 영역이나 경향 역시 다양했음을 자료 발굴 및 제시를 통해 논의함으로써 김북원에 관한 전체적 연구의 토대 마련을 시도했다. 그간 남한의 아동문학사에서 『별나라』에 실린 아동소설 및 동시의 작가로 알려진 필명 ‘북원초인’이 김북원임을 북한의 아동문학사와 비교하고, 1930년대 김북원의 농업학교 재직 경험 등을 통해 밝혔다. 그리고 소설로 알려진 「완구」가 꽁트임을 밝혔고, 『삼천리』에 추천된 「유랑민」이라는 소설을 통해 김북원이 당대 노동자로 전락하는 농민의 삶을 핍진하게 그림으로써 이후 북한문단에서 농촌작가라는 평가의 단초를 읽을 수 있었다. 『신인문학』이나 『시인춘추』 등에 발표한 김북원의 시를 최초로 소개했고 1930년대 후반 『맥』과 1940년대 『시현실동인』으로서 초현실주의와 포르말리즘의 작품 창작 및 이론을 고찰함으로써 1930년대 초반 초현실주의 및 모더니즘을 이론적, 지역적으로 확장하여 만주모더니즘을 선도한 작가임을 밝혔다. 1943년까지 초현실주의 시의 창작방법론을 시도했던 김북원은 해방기에는 북한 문단의 정책과 변화하는 현실의 요구에 맞는 작품들을 창작했다. 김일성에 대한 찬양을 기본 골자로 하면서, 농촌의 토지개혁, 빨치산 전투에 참여한 영웅적 주인공, 노동 현장의 변화, 소련과의 친선 등 북한의 중요한 이슈들을 시화했다. 이상과 같은 논의를 통해 식민지 시기와 해방기 이후 김북원의 문학 활동의 연속성을 확보함으로써 남북한 문학사에서 김북원에 관한 전체적인 평가의 토대가 구축될 수 있었다. In the history of North and South Korean literature, the introduction and evaluation of Kim Buk-won has focused on the achievements after the Korean War, sealing the literary achievements before liberation. This is because both South Korea and North Korea did not discuss comparative resources of the author. In this study, research on Kim Buk-won was attempted for the first time by unveiling that Kim Buk-won’s preliberation literary activities had started relatively early by finding his pen name, and by discussing that his creative territory or tendency were also diverse through data supplement. This study uncovers that the author of children’s stories and poetry published in The Land of Stars (별나라 Byeolnara) in the history of children’s literature in South Korea, under the pen name “Buk-won-cho-in” was in fact Kim Buk-won by comparing Kim’s identity with the history of children’s literature in North Korea, and through Kim’s experience working in agricultural school in the 1930s. Moreover, I uncover that the work, Toy (Wan-gu) that was known as a novel, was in fact a conte (short story), and was able to read the start of the assessment of Kim Buk-won as an agricultural writer in the North Korean literary circle after depicting the lives of farmers turning into laborers in the novel Nomads (Yurangmin), which was nominated in The Land of Korea (삼천리 Samcheolli).Kim Buk-won’s poetry, which was published in New Face of Literature (신인문학 Sininmunhak) or Spring and Fall of Poets (시인춘추 Siin chunchu), was first introduced and discussed in this study. By reviewing the creation and theories of Maek in the late 1930s and ‘Poetry Reality Coterie’ in the 1940s, it became possible to evaluate that Kim was a writer led Manchurian Modernism, by theoretically and geographically expanding surrealism and modernism in the 1930s. Kim Buk-won, who tried to create surrealistic poetry creative methodology by 1943, created works that fit the policies of North Korean literary circles and the demands of changing reality. With the praise of Kim Il Sung as the basic framework, he has poeticized North Korea’s major issues such as land reform in rural areas, the heroic protagonist who participated in the battle of partizan, changes in the workplace, and goodwill with the Soviet Union. Through these discussions, I believe that securing of the continuity of Kim’s literary activities after the colonial period and the liberation period, and the complete description of the history of literature in North and South Korea became possible.

경증 전신성 홍반성 루프스 환자의 인지기능장애

김진희,이철,이창욱,백인호,Kim, Jin-Hee,Lee, Chul,Lee, Chang-Uk,Paik, In-Ho 한국정신신체의학회 1997 정신신체의학 Vol.5 No.1

SLE 환자들에서 인지기능의 장애가 있는지를 알아보기 위해서 신경정신과적 병력이 없는 내과 외래 SLE 환자 20명과 정상 대조군 20명을 대상으로 전산화 신경인지기능 검사인 Vienna test system을 시행하고 이를 인지기능에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 임상 변인들과의 연관성을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) SLE 환자군과 정상 대조군의 신경인지기능 검사의 각 항목 비교 인식력 검사항목에서 SLE 환자군은 정상 대조군에 비해 정확하게 응답한 반응수가 적었으며 '예'와 '아니오' 중 '아니오'를 정확하게 반응한 수도 적었다. 또한 '예'와 '아니오'에 대해 각각 정확한 반응을 하는 평균 반응시간이 길었으며 검사소요 시간도 길었다. 주의력 검사항목에서는 SLE 환자군이 정상 대조군에 비해 정확하게 응답한 반응수가 적었고, 평균 반응시간이 길었다. 그러나, corsi단기 기억력 검사항목에서는 시각적 단기 기억력 범위와 정확하게 맞춘 총 응답수에서 두군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 표준도형 지능검사항목에서 SLE 환자군은 정상 대조군에 비해 정확하게 응답한 반응수가 적었다. 신경행동학적 인지상태 검사중 기억력 항목에서 SLE 환자군은 정상 대조군에 비해 유의하게 낮은 점수를 보였다. 2) 신경인지기능의 각 항목과 환자군의 연령, 교육연한, SLE 질환 활성도(SLE Disease Activity Index), 우울 증상의 정도, 항 ds-DNA항체. 보체 C3/C4, 스테로이드의 용량 등의 임상 변인들과의 상관관계를 비교하였을 때 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 질환 활성도가 낮은 SLE환자들은 과거 신경정신과적 증상의 병력이 없고 병의 이환 기간이 비교적 짧음에도 불구하고 인지기능의 장애를 나타내었다. 그리고 이는 기타 장기의 침범으로 인한 비특이적 영향이 아닌 중추신경계의 침범에 의한 것으로 보이며 우울정도나 스테로이드 용량에 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 생각된다. This study was designed to determine whether cognitive impairment was evident in patients with SLE. Also, it aimed to examine the association of cognitive impairment with other clinical variables. The subjects consisted of 20 patients with mildly active SLE and 20 healthy controls. Methods : A total of 20 SLE patients and 20 normal controls completed a computerized neuropsychological test battery using Vienna Test System. These included Cognitrone test, Continuous attention test, Corsi block tapping test, Standard progressive matrices. Also, neuro-behavioral cognitive status examination was done. The symptom severity of depression was measured with Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and current medications were documented. Disease activity was rated using the SLE diasease activity index (SLEDAI). Results : SLE patients had poorer performance than normal controls on the tests of Cognitrone, attention, nonverbal IQ and memory, independent of age, education, disease activity, steroid use and depression status. Conclusion : Cognitive dysfunction was not uncommon in ambulatory SLE patients as measured by standardized neuropsychological tests. It seemed to occur independently of various clinical variables. These findings would suggest that cognitive dysfunction in SLE may be explained by reflecting subclinical central nervous system(CNS) involvement, rather than coexisting psychological distress due to chronic illness or side effect of medication.

『청록집』에 나타난 ‘자연’과 정전화 과정 연구

김진희(Kim Jin-hee) 한국근대문학회 2008 한국근대문학연구 Vol.9 No.2

청록파는 한국시문학사에서 '자연'에 관한 전통적인 서정을 구현한 주요한 유파로 평가되어 왔으며,『청록집』역시 자연시의 '정전'으로 인식되어 왔다. 이런 평가는 청록파가 1930년대의 순수문학을 계승하여 한국시의 '순수서정'을 심화, 발전시켰다는 문학사적 평가의 적극적 계승에 의해 지속되었는데, 이는 중심 문단의 문학적 권위와 미학이 문학사적 평가의 중심에 서 있었기 때문이기도 한다. 본 연구는 문학사에서 정전으로 인식되어 온 청록파의 위상을 비판적으로 검토하면서 한국근대시사에서 자연시 장르의 특성과 문학사적 의의를 고찰하고 있다. 청록파와 전통 자연을 관련시켜 최초로 문학사적 평가를 내린 김동리의 해석이 지속적으로 문학사의 권위로 작용하면서 후대 연구자들의 평가에 영향을 주었음을 비판적으로 고찰하고 있다. 또한 나아가 이런 비판적 이해를 바탕으로 실제적으로 어떤 측면에서 청록파가 전통과 관련되고, 당대의 자연시와는 어떤 관련성을 가지면서 자신들의 독자적인 미학을 갖는지 설명하고 있다. 문학적으로 자연에 관한 전통적인 사유란 시에 자연을 중심에 두는 것이다. 그런데 청록파 시인들의 작품을 분석해보면 시적 자아인 '나'의 정서를 투영하고 있다. 그들은 자연 그 자체의 본질을 통해 인간과 관련된 생에 대한 윤리나 삶의 가치를 드러내기보다는 시인 자신의 정서를 투영하기 위한 대상으로 등장시키고 있다는 점에서 근대적이다. 청록파 시인들을 추천한 정지용은 '신'(新)이라는 수식어를 통해 이들의 미학이 기존의 미학과는 다르다는다는 점을 강조했다. 그럼에도 이들의 자연을 전통과 관련시키면서 민족, 향토 등을 환기시키는 것은 정치적, 이념적으로 관념화된 해석과 평가를 무비판적으로 계승한 것이다. 한편 생명의 공간으로 비유되는 자연이 현실이 배제된 초역사, 초현실의 탈역사성을 환기시킨다는 점은 한국 자연시 장르 전반의 탈역사성에 영향을 주고 있다. 또한 현실과 유리된 자연 공간과 여성성이 관습적으로 연결됨으로써 여성성을 탈역사화, 탈정치화 시키고 있을 뿐만 아니라 '자연-여성' 공간을 외세와 근대, 남성의 수탈 공간으로 정당화하고 있다. 때문에 1950년대 이후 시문학사에서 서정-자연시는 역사나 현실사회의 변화와는 유리된 지점에 위치하게 되었으며, 반드시 '순수'의 이름으로 정치, 사회적 현실과는 유리된, 내면화되고, 여성화된 미학적 표현이라는 장르적 특성을 갖게 되었다. 이런 논의들에 대한 비판적 고찰을 토대로 자연과 청록파를 재고할 때 그들의 시는 근대서정시의 리리시즘과 애상성, 그리고 환상성과 여성적인 자연에 대한 그리움의 미학을 보여주고 있다. 이런 특성은 정지용이 지적한 바, 신(新)자연으로 시문학사에서 '자연'의 전통을 창조한 것으로 평가할 수 있을 것이다. The school of Chenglok has been evaluated as a principal school which realized the traditional lyricism on the 'nature' in the history of the Korean poetry, and Chenglokcip (collection of Chenglok poems) has also been recognized as the canon of nature poems. This assessment was made possible by the positive succession to the literary criticism that the school of Chenglok inherited the 'pure literature' of the 1930s and deepened and developed the 'pure lyricism' of the Korean poetry. This can be ascribed to the fact that the literary authority and aesthetics of the central literary world were crucial for historical evaluation of literary schools. The study of this paper examines the genre characteristics of nature poems and their literary implication in the history of modern Korean poetry, while critically reconsidering the status of the Chenglok school which has been canonized in the history of literature. In this light, a critical investigation is made into Donglee Kim's interpretation which initially defined the Chenglok school with regard to the traditional nature, and which in turn continuously serves as such an authority for the literary history that influences on the later researchers' evaluations. Based on this critical understanding, an account is presented as to how the Chenglok school could hold its own unique aesthetics while having substantial relevance to the tradition and the contemporary nature poems in one way or another. In terms of literature, thoughts on the nature is traditionally defined as putting the nature in the center of poem. However, the works by the Chenglok school reflect the sentiment of the poetic ego, 'I.' Rather than revealing the ethics or values of human life via the essence of the nature itself, they exploit the nature as an object on which the poet himself can reflect his feelings. In this sense, they can be called modernistic. Jiyong Jung, who recommended the Chenglok poets, emphasized that their aesthetics is different from the existing one by using a modifier, 'new.' Albeit that, their reminding of the nation and native land by virtue of associating the nature with tradition is uncritical inheritance of the politically, ideologically ideated interpretation and evaluation. On the other hand, their poems influence on the de-historicization of the Korean nature poetry in general in that the nature, which is likened to the space of life, is reminiscent of de-historicization, i.e. sur-historicism and surrealism to the exclusion of reality. In addition, the space of nature, which is isolated from reality, and femininity are conventionally connected to the extent that it made femininity de-historicized and de-politicized, not only did it justify the space of 'nature-woman' as the space to plunder for outside power, modernism, and manhood. Therefore, the lyric nature poetry has been viewed as alienated from history and reality since 1950s in the history of poetic literature. It came to have the genre characteristics of internalized and feminized aesthetic expression which, necessarily in the name of 'purity,' is removed from political, social reality. Based on critical investigation of these discussions, reconsideration of the nature and Chenglok school reaches a conclusion that their poems show the aesthetics which includes the lyricism and lamentation of modern lyric poems, fantasy, and yearning for the feminine nature. This characteristic, as Jiyong Jung pointed out, can be evaluated as having established a tradition of 'nature' as new nature, in the history of poetry.

기후학적 평년 표준편차 분포도의 상세화

김진희,김수옥,김대준,Kim, Jin-Hee,Kim, Soo-ock,Kim, Dae-jun 한국농림기상학회 2017 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.19 No.3

2011-2015년까지 경남 하동군 악양 집수역의 해발고도 8~1,073m 범위에 설치된 10개 무인기상관측기에서 0600, 1500 기온 관측값을 수집하여 월별 표준편차를 계산하고, 소기후모형으로부터 예측된 기온의 표준편차 결과를 함께 비교하여 미관측 지점의 추정기술에 실효성이 있는지 평가하였다. 소기후모형에 따른 예측값은 월별 0600, 1500 기온의 표준편차를 각각 88%, 86% 정도 설명할 수 있었지만, 전반적으로 과소추정하는 경향이었다. 겨울철과 여름철에 나타나는 낮은 고도 대비 해발고도가 높아질수록 변이가 작아지거나 커지는 방향성에 있어서 관측값과는 반대양상으로 나타나 당초 기대와는 다른 결과를 보였다. 또 다른방법으로 월별 기온 표준편차와 지형간의 관계를 정량화하여 임의지역의 지형특성과 종관규모 수준의 기온자료 만으로 표준편차 분포를 예측할 수 있을지 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 회귀모형은 해발고도편차에 따라 보정된 월별 기온 외에, 경사도와 경사향 등 기본적인 지형인자와 온난대효과와 냉기집적효과, 개방도 등의 기온과 관련된 변수들을 고려하여 월별로 표준편차를 가장 잘 설명할 수 있는 변수를 1~3개까지 선발하여 만들어졌으며, 월별 결정계수는 0.46부터 0.98 범위로 나타났다. 회귀모델을 이용해 기온이 관측되지 않는 임의지역의 표준편차를 지형변수의 최소-최대값 유효범위 내에서 월별로 예측한다면 70% 수준의 추정능력으로 공간변이 분포도를 나타낼 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. The distribution of inter-annual variation in temperature would help evaluate the likelihood of a climatic risk and assess suitable zones of crops under climate change. In this study, we evaluated two methods to estimate the standard deviation of temperature in the areas where weather information is limited. We calculated the monthly standard deviation of temperature by collecting temperature at 0600 and 1500 local standard time from 10 automated weather stations (AWS). These weather stations were installed in the range of 8 to 1,073m above sea level within a mountainous catchment for 2011-2015. The observed values were compared with estimates, which were calculated using a geospatial correction scheme to derive the site-specific temperature. Those estimates explained 88 and 86% of the temperature variations at 0600 and 1500 LST, respectively. However, it often underestimated the temperatures. In the spring and fall, it tended to had different variance (e.g., increasing or decreasing pattern) from lower to higher elevation with the observed values. A regression analysis was also conducted to quantify the relationship between the standard deviation in temperature and the topography. The regression equation explained a relatively large variation of the monthly standard deviation when lapse-rate corrected temperature, basic topographical variables (e.g., slope, and aspect) and topographical variables related to temperature (e.g., thermal belt, cold air drainage, and brightness index) were used. The coefficient of determination for the regression analysis ranged between 0.46 and 0.98. It was expected that the regression model could account for 70% of the spatial variation of the standard deviation when the monthly standard deviation was predicted by using the minimum-maximum effective range of topographical variables for the area.

Aspergillus nidulans에서 플라스미드의 자가복제를 유발하는 DNA절편의 분리 및 분석

김진희,한규용,한갑훈,한동민,Kim, Jin-Hee,Han, Kyu-Yong,Han, Kap-Hoon,Han, Dong-Min 한국미생물학회 1998 미생물학회지 Vol.34 No.3

pNPG는 염색체 1번의 동원체 왼편에 위치하는 npgA1을 상보할 수 있는 genomic DNA를 포함하는 플라스미드인데 Aspergillus nidulans의 형질전환율을 현저히 증가시키는 특징을 보여주었다. 이 플라스미드로 형질전환시켰을 때 $Trp^+$형질전환체 모두가 $Npg^+$이었고 이들 중에 불완전 형질전환체는 전혀 형성되지 않았다. pNPG를 제한효소 PstI으로 절단하여 얻어진 10.4 kb 절편내에 형질전환율을 증가시키는 DNA서열이 존재함을 확인하고 pILJ16의 PstI site에 재조합하여 pKJH10.4라 명명하였다. pKJH10.4에 의한 A. nidulans의 형질전환율은 pILJ16 보다 대략 200배 이상 증가하였다. pKJH10.4에 의한 형질전환체를 비선택적 조건에서 배양하였을 때 $Arg^+$무성생식포자의 약 80%이상이 $Arg^-$로 복귀됨으로써 플라스미드가 매우 불안정함을 보여주었다. argB2 지표와 다른 종류의 연관된 유전자 지표를 지니는 플라스미드로 형질전환하였을 경우 비선택적 조건에서 argB2 지표가 결손될 때 연관된 다른 지표도 항상 함께 결손되는 현상을 보여주었다. 이 결과는 이 플라스미드에 의한 형질전환체의 불안정성이 염색체로 삽입되었다가 절제되어 나오기 때문이기보다는 염색체 밖에서 자가 복제하기 때문임을 시사한다. 형질전환율을 증가시키는 최소한의 DNA절편은 EcoRI-HaeIII 4.9 kb 절편이었으며 PvuII-EcoRI 2.2 kb 절편은 플라스미드의 불안정성과 관련이 있었다. 이러한 결과들을 종합해 볼 때 형질전환율을 증가시키는 새로운 DNA 서열의 특성이 ANS1 보다는 AMA1과 유사하였으므로 AMA2라 명명하였다. A plasmid pNPG contains a genomic DNA complementing npgA1 which is located on the left arm of linkage group I. It transformed Aspergillus nidulans at a high frequency. No abortive transformants were observed and the $Trp^+$ transformants were all $Npg^+$. The 10.4 kb Psti fragment of the genomic DNA was subcloned into pILJ16, which increased the transformation efficiency by more than 200-folds. The transformants were mitotically unstable and yielded $Arg^-$ conidia at the frequency of more than 80%. An additional gene cloned into the plasmid containing the fragment was always lost with $argB^+$ marker. These characteristics strongly indicate the possibility that the plasmids autonomously replicate. The full activity of enhanced transformation was retained on the 4.9 kb EcoRI-HaeIII fragment. The DNA segment was similar to AMA1 rather than ANS1 in function and designated AMA2.

융합인재교육 이론모형 틀에 기반을 둔 통합의료인문학 교육과정 이론모형의 제안

김진희,이영환,박원균,박영순,박혜진,천경희,Kim, Jin Hee,Lee, Young Hwan,Park, Won Kyun,Park, Young Soon,Park, Hae Jin,Chun, Kyung Hee 연세대학교 의과대학 2015 의학교육논단 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to propose a theoretical model for an integrated medical humanities curriculum based on a STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) education framework and to provide a guideline for curriculum integration. Three dimensions of integrated curriculum development are competencies, core contents, and elements of integration. Competencies imply the purpose of the medical humanities of a medical school and the exit outcomes of the curriculum. Core contents imply the goals and objectives of the curriculum. We compared the goals and themes of the medical humanities with core attributes of professionalism. Four elements of integration were proposed: units (cases, problem activities, core contents, disciplines/subjects), types (multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary), contexts of integration (life cycle of patients, scope of society), and stages of student development (from student to doctor). It is expected that this theoretical model for an integrated medical humanities curriculum can be used as a guideline for curriculum development and an evaluation criterion for instructional designers and subject matter experts.

결혼이민자의 주거환경에 관한 사례연구 -대구시 거주 결혼이민자를 중심으로-

김진희,안옥희,조영미,Kim, Jin-Hee,An, Ok-Hee,Jo, Young-Mi 한국주거학회 2011 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.22 No.1

With the recent increase in the number of foreign settlers in our country, a societal system is needed which they can adapt to more easily. The results of the study were as follows. First, from the result of analyzing the 171 programs of the multi-cultural family support system, it could be seen that in order for the marriage immigrants to more successfully adapt, various programs are needed. Second, when the study had an interview with 13 marriage immigrants from China, Vietnam and Philippine about their adaptation to residential environment, they had a high satisfaction with their residential environment when their spouses' educational level was high. In<estimation on residential environment>, they appraised that South Korea was superior to their native land in scale and facilities of buildings and the buildings of their native land were superior to those in South Korea in terms of soundproof applications, natural lighting and ventilation, which were indoor environmental elements. Third, they were generally satisfied with their residential environment. However, they stated that it took 6 months~ two years to adapt to the Korean residential environment because of the differences in the residential environment compared to their homeland. A based on the research result, the housing adviser is necessary in the marriage immigrants.

차양장치의 겨울철 천공복사 냉각 저감 효과에 관한 실험적 연구

김진희,김영탁,이수열,최원기,Kim, Jin-Hee,Kim, Young-Tag,Lee, Soo-Yeol,Choi, Won-Ki 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2021 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.12 No.1

외부 차양장치는 대표적인 여름철 일사조절 장치이다. 특히 냉방부하가 높은 업무용 건물에 적합한 기술로 인식되어왔다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 차양장치의 냉방부하 저감뿐만 아니라 난방부하 저감 효과를 검증하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 이를 위해 겨울철 야간 천공복사냉각에 따른 영향을 중심으로 일반 창호, 롤 블라인드, 외부 차양장치를 대상으로 실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 외부 차양장치가 적용된 경우 유리 내·외표면 온도차는 평균 11.8℃로 차양장치가 없는 경우의 14.6℃ 보다 평균 2.8℃ 낮은 온도차를 나타냈으며, 이는 천공복사에 의한 열교환으로 차양 표면온도가 외기온도보다 낮은 시간때에 발생한다. 한편, 롤 블라인드는 내부 중공층의 평균온도보다 0.8℃ 낮은 온도를 나타냈으며 이 또한 투과체를 통과한 천공복사가 롤 블라인드 표면과 열교환이 이뤄졌기 때문이다. 유리 외부 표면온도만을 고려하면 약 3℃ 이상의 온도 상승이 예상된다. 그리고 차양장치가 없는 경우 일반적인 온도구배를 나타내고 있었다. 한편 남동향과 남서향에 외부 차양장치가 설치되었을 때 남서향의 외측 유리 표면온도가 더 낮게 나타나는 특징이 있다. 이 결과는 천공복사에 의한 냉방 저감 효과를 정량화할 수는 없지만 적어도 타당성은 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 연구에서는 천공복사 냉각과 에너지 소비 사이의 상관관계를 조사하고 외부 차양장치의 난방에너지 절감 효과에 대한 독립 챔버 실험을 진행할 계획이다. External shading devices are well known solar control devices that can help reduce the cooling load of commercial buildings. For this study, experiments were conducted to examine the feasibility of shading devices in reducing both the cooling and heating loads. The influence of sky radiant cooling during winter was verified for the external shading device, internal roller blind, and window. Results can be summarized as follows. The temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the window with the external shading device was 11.8℃ compared to 14.6℃ for one without the external shading device. This 2.8℃ difference was due to heat exchange by sky radiation when the surface temperature of the shading device was lower than the ambient outdoor air temperature. The roller blind resulted in a lower temperature of 0.8℃ compared to the average temperature of the window's air cavity. This was due to heat exchange by sky radiation of the roller blind surfaces. Without shading devices, the outside surface temperature of the window is about 3℃ higher. The study also found that when external shading devices were installed on both the southwest and southeast sides, the outside surface temperature of the windows were lower on the southwest side than the southeast side.