김정은 정권의 권력엘리트 통제 및 유일적 영도체계 재구축 전략 분석

김진하(Kim, Jin-Ha) 한국전략문제연구소 2022 전략연구 Vol.29 No.3

2011년 김정일의 갑작스러운 죽음으로 단기간의 후계자 수업만을 받았던 연소한 김정은은 김정일 권신들의 후견 하에 권력을 계승한다. 북한판(版) 독재자중심개인독재체제인 유일적 영도체계의 존속과 김정은의 체제 장악력이 의문시되는 환경이었다. 그러나 김정은은 모든 악조건을 극복하고 절대적인 권력집중에 성공한다. 이 글은 불리한 생존 여건에서 출범한 세습 독재 안정화의 중대 요인으로 권력엘리트 통제전략에 주목한다. 독재체제에 대한 가장 치명적인 위협 요소가 체제내부 권력엘리트 내부 균열과 반란이기 때문이다. 김정은은 권력엘리트 규율 잡기와 가신화(家臣化)를 통해 체제 내적 균열을 최소화하고 자신을 중핵으로 결성된 신가산제(新家産制, Neo-Patrimonialism) 통치연합(ruling coalition) 네트워크를 새로이 구축해내면서 체제 안정성을 확보할 수 있었다. 이를 위해 잠재적 위협 세력의 숙청과 선제적 제거, 지배연합 재구축과 규모 축소, 선군정치를 조기대체하는 숙군 및 당 우위 노선의 재확립, 공포화(terrorization) 정치, 권력엘리트 세력 간 충성 경쟁 유도, 회전문 인사와 재교육, 인위적 세대교체, 권력기관에 대한 예방적 조직방역 등 다양한 독재정치공학의 기법들이 동원되었다. This article aims to explore Kim Jong-Un’s strategies for the reconstruction of the monolithic leadership system after his hereditary succession, which has been the core of North Korea’s own regime system of personalist dictatorship. The most dangerous threats to dictatorial regime survival usually arise from the rebellions on the part of regime insiders, that is, ruling elites. In order to effectively control power elites and heighten regime cohesion, Kim Jong-Un has mobilized a panoply of neopatrimonial methods for power concentration such as a series of purges, preventive reorganization of power institutions and ruling coalition, political terrorization, multiplication of police and military services, unpredictable elite exiles and re-educations, generation changes, and so on. It leads to the birth of the Kim’s own style of sultanistic autocracy.

최근 장대도로터널의 건설사례 소개

김진하,김용규,안태경,김상호,Kim, Jin-Ha,Kim, Yong-Gyu,An, Tae-Gyeong,Kim, Sang-Ho 한국터널지하공간학회 2009 자연, 터널 그리고 지하공간 Vol.11 No.3

TV용 탄성표면파 필터의 개발 II-회절 영향 보상방법

김진하,남정현,박송배,Kim, Jin-Ha,Nam, Jeong-Hyeon,Park, Song-Bae 대한전자공학회 1984 전자공학회지 Vol.21 No.5

SAW필터에서 변환기의 구경 (aperture)의 크기를 작게 하면 화질의 영향이 크게 나타나게 되어 트랩(trap)부근에서 주파수 특성이 크게 손상된다. 회절의 영향을 해석할 수 있는 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 프로그램이 작성되었으며 회절의 영향이 큰 SAW필터에 적용될 수 있는 회절보상방법이 제안되었다. 이를 TV중간주파 필터에 적용하여 실험적으로 유용성을 확인하였다. In SAW filters with a small aperture, diffraction effect is not negligible and degrades the frequency response near the trap. A computer simulation program for diffraction analysis is developed, and an effective diffraction compensation method is proposed to compensate the diffraction effect. A TV-lF SAW filter was designed with the diffraction taken account by the proposed method, which satisfies given frequency specifications.

안정된 내고정이 시행된 하악각 골절에서 골절선상의 치아 발거에 따른 감염률 비교평가

김진하,김수관,문성용,오지수,Kim, Jin-Ha,Kim, Su-Gwan,Moon, Seong-Yong,Oh, Ji-Su 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2011 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.33 No.1

Purpose: Mandibular angle fractures constitute approximately 30% of mandibular fractures, and the mandibular third molar is usually in line with the fracture. This study evaluated the relationship between the extraction of a tooth in line with a mandibular angle fracture and the infection rate. Methods: One hundred and forty seven patients with mandibular angle fractures containing a tooth in line with the fracture from 2005 to 2008 were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups based on an extraction, and the infection rates were evaluated in both groups. Results: An extraction was performed in 70 patients (47.6%) and postoperative infections occurred in 14 patients (9.5%). Six (8.6%) of the 70 patients in the extraction group and 8 (10.4%) of the 77 patients in the non-extraction group had an infection. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.708). Conclusion: These results show that there is no increased risk of postoperative complications when a tooth is present

부산지역 직업병감시체계 구축

김진하,강동묵,Kim, Jin-Ha,Gang, Dong-Muk 대한산업보건협회 2007 산업보건 Vol.229 No.-

악교정 수술의 합병증

김진하,김수관,오지수,Kim, Jin-Ha,Kim, Su-Gwan,Oh, Ji-Su 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2010 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.32 No.5

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of intra- and postoperative complications of orthognathic surgery and their relevance. Materials and Methods: The clinical records and X-rays of 418 patients who underwent surgery at Chosun University Dental Hospital, Korea, over a 12-year period between 1998 and 2009 were examined. Results: The followings are some of the most common complications which happened during the oper-ations: Inadequate osteotomy in 25 cases, excessive bleeding in 11 cases, nerve injuries in 6 cases, soft tis-sue injuries in 8 cases, and tooth injury, and insertion of foreign bodies in 4 cases respectively. The most frequent complications which happened after surgery are shown below. Paraesthesia in 262 cases, dyspnea in 78 cases, pain in cervical region in 49 cases, open bite in 14 cases, plus 62 cases where other complications occurred. Despite the great variety of complications, severe life threatening complication frequency seems to be extremely low. Conclusion: Orthognathic surgery appears to be a relatively safe procedure but complications related to orthognathic surgery do still occur. Accurate evaluation and precise surgery are needed to minimize complications.

모야모야병(Moyamoya disease)에서 발생한 안동맥폐쇄 1예

김진하,김정열,Jin Ha Kim,Jung Yeul Kim 대한안과학회 2007 대한안과학회지 Vol.48 No.6

Purpose: We report a case of ophthalmic artery occlusion at Moyamoya disease Method: A 64-year-old man who had followed up neurosurgical clinic after diagnosed with Moyamoya disease ten months before presented with sudden visual loss in his right eye. Generalized ophthalmic examinations including fluorescein angiography (FA), electroretinography (ERG) were performed. Results: At the first visit, corrected visual acuity was counting fingers at 30cm of right eye, 0.8 of left eye. Right eye presented relative afferent pupillary defect. Dilated fundus examination revealed a pale posterior pole and cherry-red spot at right eye. FA demonstrated choroidal filling delay and prolonged arteriovenous transit time. ERG demonstrated decreased amplitude of a and b wave. Twenty months after the initial visit, retinal arterial attenuation and a pale optic disc were revealed.

연 재생공장 인접 근로자들의 연 폭로정도에 관한 조사

김진하,이덕희,이용환,Kim, Jin-Ha,Lee, Duk-Hee,Lee, Yong-Hwan 대한예방의학회 1996 예방의학회지 Vol.29 No.3

부산 시내 모 공단에 위치한 폐밧데리로 연을 재생하는 산업장에 인접한 산업장에 근무하는 근로자들의 연 폭로 정도를 알기 위하여 연 폭로원에 인접한 작업장 A의 39명과 연 폭로원에서 8.5km 떨어진 곳에 위치한 동일한 원료, 공정, 자동차 부품을 생산하는 작업장 B의 62명을 연구대상자로 선정하고 표준화된 설문지 조사와 혈중 연 농도를 분석, 비교하였다. 또한 두 산업장의 세 작업장 기중 연 농도를 분석, 비교하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 산업장 A의 평균연령 (38.7세)이 산업장 B(29.5세) 보다 유의하게 높았고, 근무연수의 차이는 없었다. 2. 평균 기중 연 농도는 산업장 A $2.6{\mu}g/m^3$, 산업장 B $1.2{\mu}g/m^3$로 산업장 A가 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 또한 산업장 A의 평균 기중 연 농도는 실내작업장, 실외작업장, 사무실 순으로 연 폭로원과 거리가 가까울수록 높았고 세 작업장 사이에 유의한 농도차가 있었다(P<0.05). 3. 평균 혈중 연 농도는 산업장 A $14.9{\mu}g/dl$, 산업장 B $12.2{\mu}g/dl$로 산업장 A가 유의하게 높았다(P<0.001). 또한 작업장 A의 세 작업 분야별 평균 혈중 연 농도 사이에는 유의한 통계적 차이(P<0.05)가 있었지만 작업장 B는 없었고 작업장 A의 평균 혈중 연 농도 순은 기중 연 농도 순과 연 폭로원과 떨어진 거리 순과 일치하였다. 4. 혈중 연 농도와 연령, 근무연수 사이의 상관관계는 산업장 A의 경우 상관이 낮았고, 산업장 B에서는 연령과 유의한 상관(r=0.382, P=0.0023)을 보였고, 연령을 보정하여도 두 산업장간 평균 혈중 연 농도 차는 유지되었다(P<0.001). 산업장 A에서 보인 작업장소간, Part간 농도의 차이는 연 폭로원에 인접한 산업장의 경우 연 폭로원의 작업환경과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 시사한다. 따라서 유해산업장의 작업환경으로 인하여 발생하는 인접산업장 근로자들의 유해물질에 대한 환경적 폭로는 해당 유해산업장의 환경개선 노력에 의하여 적절히 예방될 수 있을 것이므로 유해산업장의 작업환경에 대한 보다 체계적이고 철저한 감시가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to determine whether workers at a factory next to a lead recycling factory in Pusan, were affected by lead contamination. The mean air lead concentration of lead recycling factory was $0.21mg/m^3(TWA=0.05mg/m^3)$. Thirty-nine male workers of Factory A, Cr. plating factory next to the lead recycling factory were exposed group and a comparison group, 62 male workers of Factory B were selected from another Cr. plating factory about 8.5km away from lead recycling factory. Air lead concentration of each workplace was checked for 4 times from August f to August 20 in 1995 by low volume air sampler. Each subject was interviewed about age, life-style, smoking, work history, and residence etc, and venous blood was drawn for lead measurement by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. We have observed that air lead concentration and blood lead concentration of Factory A was higher than Factory $B(2.6{\pm}1.6\;Vs.\;1.2{\pm}0.2{\mu}g/m^3,\;14.9{\pm}1.6\;Vs.\;12.2{\pm}1.6{\mu}g/dl)$. We believe that other environmental lead sources such as transportation and residence did not affect air lead and blood lead concentration differences of both factory. We concluded that high air lead and blood lead concentration of Factory A were caused by lead contamination generated by the neighboring lead recycling factory.

원발개방각녹내장에서 중심각막두께와 시야손상의 관계

김진하,이은경,김창식,이남호,Jin Ha Kim,Eun Kyoung Lee,Chang Sik Kim,Nam Ho Lee 대한안과학회 2007 대한안과학회지 Vol.48 No.8

Purpose: To find difference in the rate of visual field defect progression among primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients grouped according to central corneal thickness (CCT). Methods: The medical records of 87 eyes of 87 POAG patients who received were on regular treatment and had a minimum of 5 years of longitudinal Humphrey automated visual field follow-up were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into 4 quartile groups by CCT, and the correlations among clinical factors, such as intraocular pressure (IOP), and change in mean deviation (MD), were analyzed. Results: The thinner cornea group showed a significant trend foward higher average, maximal, and yearly maximal IOP when the IOP was corrected by CCT (p<0.01), The rate of change in MD is significantly different; -0.33±0.6dB, -0.28±0.4dB, -0.09±0.2dB ,-0.02±0.2dB starting with the thinnest cornea group (p=0.036). Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between CCT and the rate of change in MD (r=0.351, p=0.001). Conclusions: In POAG patients who were on regular treatment at a tertiary referral hospital, patients with thinner cornea showed faster visual field defect progression.

국회와 국가 경쟁력 ; 국가 경쟁력 제고를 위한 국회 기능의 정상화

김진하 ( Jin Ha Kim ) 한국의회발전연구회 2006 의정연구 Vol.22 No.-