초등학생의 성별 및 인지양식에 따른 협동학습에서 나타나는 생물 관찰 특성

김지혜,김동렬,김선숙,문두호 부산대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 2006 科學敎育硏究報 Vol.33 No.-

This study examined the effects of the gender and the cognitive style which contribute to cooperative learning of elementaiy school children's competence in the observation of living things. The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for the effident teaching and learning in cooperative learning of elementary school children through careful analyses of children's observation. Results showed characteristic patterns of cooperative observation according to the gender and the cognitive style of children. The findings indicated that the field-independent groups reported more kinds observation than the field-dependent groups. The findings indicated that the girl's groups reported more kinds observation than the boy's groups except on animals. The effects of the gender on the observation of animals was not significantly different. Results of the analysis on the degree of focused observation showed that the field-independent groups reported more the degree of focused observation than the field-dependent groups and the girl's groups reported more the degree of focused observation than the boy's groups. As a result, the cognitive style and the gender could be one of the factor involved in the observation oh living things, therefore the further research of teaching methods and learning strategies should be encouraged in relation to this factor.

대학 계열별 글쓰기 수업의 교육 방안

김지혜 이화어문학회 2014 이화어문논집 Vol.32 No.-

본 연구에서는 가천대학교 계열별 글쓰기 교육의 사례를 중심으로 대학의 계열별 글쓰기의 특징 및 목표를 고찰해 보았다. 대학의 글쓰기 교육은 현실적인 제반 조건이 다르기 때문에 중등교육의 작문 교육처럼 체계화ㆍ표준화하기는 어렵다. 대학 글쓰기는 각 대학의 교과과정에 따라, 교양교육의 목표에 따라 특성화될 수밖에 없는 실정인 것이다. 가천대의 경우 2011년부터 기존 대학 국어 형식의 수업을 실용적인 계열별 글쓰기 수업으로 개편했으며, 2014년 현재 과학기술글쓰기, 예술체육글쓰기, 인문사회글쓰기, 의료보건글쓰기 4개 영역으로 나뉘어 있다. 가천대 글쓰기 수업은 글쓰기의 기초 부분은 공통으로 두고, 실용문 글쓰기 부분을 각 계열에 맞게 특성화하여 진행하고 있다. 특히 과학기술글쓰기에서는 기술문서, 과학서평, 과학에세이를, 예술체육글쓰기에서는 작업노트, 서평, 예술비평문을 다루고 있으며, 인문사회글쓰기에서는 서평, 칼럼, 영화평, 이야기 새로 쓰기 등을 선택하여 실습하고 있다. 이처럼 실용문 글쓰기를 계열별로 특성화시킴으로써 기존에 제기되었던 여러 계열별 글쓰기의 문제점을 최소화하고자 노력하였다. 또한 전공별로 필요한 글쓰기 부분을 보강함으로써 전문적인 글쓰기 능력을 향상시키는 동시에 전공 분야를 미리 탐색하고 진로를 성찰할 수 있도록 하였다. 전공 분야가 다양화되고 전문화됨에 따라 ‘소통’이 가장 중요시되고 있다. 계열별 글쓰기는 단순히 취업을 위한 글쓰기 연습이 되어서는 안 되며, 여러 분야와의 효과적인 소통 능력 향상을 목표로 해야 한다. This research investigated the characteristics and goal of writing education of university by department through focusing on the example of Gachon University's writing education by department. Writing education of university has different condition on the whole reality, so that it is difficult to systematizeㆍstandardize as that of secondary education. Writing of university is apt to be specialized according to the curriculum of each college and the goal of liberal education in reality. In case of Gachon University, it reorganized the existing language form class of the college into practical writing class by department since 2011, and presently in 2014, it divides into four areas, i.e. scientific technology writing, arts and physical education writing, humanities and social sciences writing, and medical health writing. Writing education in Gachon University is proceeded by specializing practical sentence writing part to be proper for each department, by putting the basic part of writing commonly. Particularly in scientific technology writing, technical document, science book review, science essay are treated, and in arts and physical education writing, work note, book review, art criticism are treated, and in humanities and social sciences writing, book review, column, film review, writing stories newly, etc. are selected and practised. This way, it intended to minimize the problems of writing by department, which were raised previously, by specializing practical sentence writing by department. Also, by reinforcing necessary writing part by major, it enabled exploration of major field beforehand and introspection of career, at the same time improvement of specialized writing ability. As the major field is diversified and specialized, 'communication' is the most highly regarded. Writing by department should not be the writing practice for mere finding employment, but it should take an objective to improve effective communication ability with various fields.

인간 조건의 이미지로서의 공간 연구 : 한무숙의 <축제와 운명의 장소> 를 중심으로

김지혜 숙명여자대학교 한국어문화연구소 2009 한국어와 문화 Vol.6 No.-

In the narrative literature, space is not just a geographic background but actively functions as an immediate exteriorized device on existence situation. That is, space reflects the relationship people and the world form and is a dynamic element which symbolizes the human condition. Under this perspective, in this writing, I try to analyze the space of <A Place of Festivals and Destiny> by Hahn Mook-sook, especially focusing on characterization. In this work, space is configured by lighting and color effects, scene strategy, repetitive production of the same image etc. as well as space connected with a particular sense. In this novel which depicts a person who is waiting for death in the hospital, the space structure of the hospital with corridors which have ambiguous exits and old and narrow wards is consistent with the isolated state of the person. Especially an auditory image fill this space and this auditory image functions as a psychological pressure device which not only doubles fear but exposes the character's inner unsettledness due to the death consciousness. The character turned the eyes into the past to disregard this reality but her memories colored by the beach beyond the sweet corn field had no exits and are memories of landscape type spinning the border and further visualize isolation of the person who disregards reality, adhering to the past. Thereafter the person witnessed his reality revived before his eyes through other people's situations and faced his circumstances which he had disregarded the meantime. The scene where the person faced death after disinterestedly accepting the existence situation was noticed because it took place on the rooftop overlooking outside the hospital. In other words, a scene like this can be seen as aesthetic concern device that the character's realization sympathizes with the world without being buried in the sense of sealing of the wards filled with death consciousness and fear ozest. This strategy which adconced that the person's realization was generalized more beyond layers of personality is especially closely connected with the structure of plot that this novel has. That is, round circular structure of surnisanggwan (same phrases are repeated at the beginning and the end) that the plot has is the structure of the human condition and can be understood as the model of destiny. In this writing, I analyzed the function of space by especially combining with the aspect of the characterization and briefly groped for more concrete measures by connecting this to an idea on subject embodiment method. About the work world of Hahn Mook-sook, the cases which refers the importance of space are not few therefore I think a work that those remarks are put in the front should be followed through search on each piece.

자일리톨 섭취에 따른 Streptococcus mutans의 글루칸 생성관련 유전자 발현 억제효과

김지혜,이영은,안상헌,최연희,남순현,송근배 大韓小兒齒科學會 2009 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

본 연구에서는 장기적인 자일리톨의 섭취가 Streptococcus mutans의 대표적인 독성인자 중 하나인 글루칸 생성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 글루칸 합성효소인 glucosyltansferase의 mRNA 발현을 실시간 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응을 통해 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 24개월 동안 자일리톨껌을 섭취한 군에서 타액 내 Streptococcus mutans의 colony 수는 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 2. 비수용성 글루칸 합성에 관여하는 유전자인 gtfB, gtfC의 발현은 자일리톨껌을 섭취한 군에서 시간이 지남에 따라 유의 하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 특히 gtfB의 발현은 12개월과 24개월째 대조군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았고, gtfC의 발현은 24개월째 대조군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 3. 수용성 글루칸 합성에 관여하는 유전자인 gtfD의 발현 역시 자일리톨껌을 섭취한 군에서 시간이 지남에 따라 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 또한 gtfD의 발현은 12개월과 24개월째 대조군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과들을 종합해 보았을 때, 자일리톨의 섭취는 구강 내 Streptococcus mutans의 글루칸 합성 관련 유전자들의 발현을 억제시킴으로써 Streptococcus mutans의 수적인 감소를 가져오는 것으로 생각된다. Xylitol has the ability to reduce the adherence of Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans), which can make it easier to remove plaque, decrease acid production and inhibit dental caries. There are few reports on the effects of xylitol on the expression of the virulence related genes in S. mutans. This study examined the inhibitory effect of chewing gum containing xylitol on glucan synthesis related gene expression of S. mutans. Participants were voluntarily recruited for a women's oral health prevention program, classified into two groups(a control and a xylitol group), and then followed for 2 years. Twenty salivary samples were randomly selected from each group. Colony count and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze the characteristics of S. mutans. The following results were obtained: The S. mutans counts decreased steadily in the xylitol group over the study period(p<0.05). The expression of the virulence related genes (gtfB, gtfC and gtfD) was significantly lower in the xylitol group than in the control groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that chewing xylitol gum for a long period of time may reduce the expression of the genes associated with S. mutans virulence, which can result in a decrease growth of S. mutans colonies as a result.

연관규칙 마이닝을 이용한 자동 상품 추천 시스템 설계 및 구현

김지혜,박두순 순천향대학교 교수학습개발센터 2005 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.11 No.1

Recommender Systems are used by E-Commerce site to suggest products to their customers. As E-Commerce developing rapidly, it is becoming a research focus about how to capture or find customer's behavior patterns and realize commerce intelligence by use of Web mining Technology. A recommender System learns from a customer and recommends products that she will find most valuable from among the available products. In this paper, we present a new framework in recommendation system by finding customer module from business data. This framework formalizes the customer shopping information. In our approach, we firstly build a customer module based on association rule by learning from customer shopping history data, then we develop of the Automatic products recommendation system based on Web mining.

1960년대 이어령 소설의 탈근대성 연구

김지혜 이화어문학회 2022 이화어문논집 Vol.57 No.-

본 논문은 그간 활발히 연구되지 않았던 이어령의 1960년대 소설을 분석 대상으로 이어령 소설의 탈근대성(postmodernity)을 연구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이어령은 1955년부터 여러 편의 소설을 발표하며 소설가로서도 뚜렷한 족적을 남겼으나, 그의 소설들은 평론가이자 언론인, 문화비평가, 교수, 문화부장관 등의 타이틀에 가려 제대로 평가를 받지 못해 왔다. 그러므로 본 연구를 통해 그동안 종합적으로 평가되지 못했던 이어령 소설의 지향점을 고찰하고, 나아가 1960년대 이어령 소설이 갖는 문학사적 의의를 밝히고자 하였다. 이 연구에서는 『장군의 수염』(1966), 『무익조(Kiwi)』 (1966),『전쟁 데카메론』 (1966), 『환각의 다리』(1969)를 탈근대성을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 이들 작품에서는 6·25 전쟁과 4·19혁명, 5·16 군사정변으로 이어지는 한국의 부조리한 근대에 대한 비판적 성찰을 담고 있으며, 그 주제를 효과적으로 드러내기 위한 다양한 소설 기법을 사용하고 있었다. 먼저, 『장군의 수염』에서는 중층 구조와 추리소설 기법을 동시에 사용하여 철훈의 죽음을 탐색해 나가는데, 결말에서 범인을 밝히는 일반적인 추리소설과는 달리 미해결의 열린 결말로 소설을 끝맺고 있다. 이 소설에서는 철훈의 죽음을 통해 억압적인 근대를 비판하지만, 사건을 미해결 상태로 열어둠으로써 독자들이 그의 사인을 메타적으로 해석할 수 있도록 하고 있다. 또한 『무익조』, 『전쟁 데카메론』에서는 한국전쟁에서 5·16 군사정변을 거친 한국의 비극적 상황을 그려낸다. 이들 작품의 인물들은 비극적 현실에 부딪혀 날개를 잃어버린 무익조로서 그 역사를 비판적으로 증언할 증인들이자 거대 이데올로기에 저항하는 자들이라 할 수 있다. 이들 소설에서는 날개에 대한 상징, 보카치오의 『데카메론』과 에드가 앨런 포우의 시 『헬렌에게』의 패러디를 통해 한국적 근대를 비판적으로 성찰한다. 그리고 『환각의 다리』 는 스탕달의 소설『바니나 바니니 (Vanina Vanin)』를 상호텍스트로 활용함으로써 4·19 혁명에 대한 비판적 성찰뿐 아니라 신세대들의 성장 가능성 역시 열린 결말로 담아 낸다. 이를 통해 형식적 측면에서뿐 아니라 주제적 측면에서도 다원적인 탈근대성을 보여주는 것이다. 이처럼 이어령의 소설은 실험적 기법을 통해 거시적 서사가 추동한 합리적인 진보에 대한 믿음과 근대의 모순을 비판하고. 이에 대한 대안적 지점을 모색하고 있다는 점에서 문학사적 의의를 지닌다 하겠다. This study explores the postmodernity of Lee O-young's novels in the 1960s, which have yet to be actively studied. From 1955, Lee published several novels and left a clear mark as a novelist. However, due to his many titles— critic, journalist, professor, and Minister of Culture—his novels have often been overlooked. Therefore, this study examines the direction of his fiction, to reveal further the significance of the literary history of his novels in the 1960s. As for the subjects of this study, 『The General’s Beard』, 『Kiwi』, 『Wartime Decameron』 and 『Phantom Legs」 were selected for analysis. These works reflect critically on Korea’s absurd modernity, including the Korean War, the April 19 Revolution, and the May 16 military coup, using various novel techniques to reveal the subject effectively. 『The General’s Beard」 explores the death of Cheol-hoon using both frame structure and mystery novel techniques. The novel criticizes oppressive modernity through the death of Cheol-hoon, but it allows readers to interpret his cause of death metaphorically by leaving the case unsolved. In addition, 『Kiwi』 and 『Wartime Decameron』 depict the tragic situation of Korea that went through the May military coup and the Korean War. The characters in these works are kiwis who lost their wings in the face of a tragic reality and witnesses who will critically testify to that history. The symbol of wings, the parody of Boccaccio’s 『The Decameron』, and Edgar Allan Poe’s poem 『To Helen』 show these novels’ postmodernity. And 『Phantom Legs』 shows a critical reflection on the April 19 Revolution and the protagonists’ growths by using Stendhal’s novel 『Vanina Vanin』 as a mutual text. Through this, it displays pluralistic postmodernity, not only in the thematic aspect but also in the formal aspect. As such, Lee O-young’s novels have literary significance in that they criticize the belief in rational progress driven by master narratives and the contradictions of modernity, and seek alternative points.

자궁경부에 발생한 원발성 세포독성 T-세포 림프종 1예 : A case report

김지혜,곽재용,임창열 대한내과학회 2003 대한내과학회지 Vol.65 No.4

악성 림프종에서 자궁 경부로의 전이는 드물지 않지만 자궁 경부의 원발성 림프종은 드물다. 우연히 건강검진에서 발견하게된 병기 IE로 진단된 자궁경부의 T-세포 림프종 1 예를 보고하고 올바른 진단과 분류가 이루어지면 적절한 치료를 할 수 있고 이로 인해 성공적인 예후를 보일 수 있음을 강조한다. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can involve the gynecologic tract, most often as a manifestatiion of systemic involvement. Primary lymphomas of the female genital tract are rare. Most involve the cervix rather than the uterine corpus. All of those previously reported have been B-cell lymphomas, with the exception of several case reports. Primary T-cell lymphoma of the uterine cervix is rare. We describe a rare case of primary cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma of the uterine cervix, Ann Arbor stage IE in a 55-year-old woman. The tumor, incidentally disclosed at gynecological examination, appeared as diffuse cervical enlargement with mucosal erosion. A biopsy was taken and showed diffuse infiltration of variable sized lymphoma cells. Neoplastic cells were positive for LCA, CD3, TIA-1 and consistent with cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma. She was treated with 3 cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone(CHOP). After chemotherapy, the patient was treated by pelvic external radiation therapy. At present, the patient is well and disease-free.

북한 가요에 나타난 여성상

김지혜 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구소 1999 여성학논집 Vol.16 No.-

This paper explores women's images as represented in the popular music of North Korea and analyzes how these images are actualized in real life. This paper aims to reveal the gap which has existed between the dual views of women in North Korean society by criticizing views of women in North Korea from a feminist perspective and by examining how the gap is integrated into the political system of North Korea. North Korean society demands that women play two roles, that of chollima who are laborers equal to men, and at the same time that of "ahn-hae (wife)". Within this context the social mobilization of the female labor force is propagated as a method of ultimately solving women's problems and attaining women's liberation, but women are in reality the primary carers of children and the flowers of life' as the "ahn-hae (wife)" who is responsible for household labor and child rearing In order to gain a greater understanding of womens views, the object of this study was restricted to popular songs in which women were the singers or 'storytellers' or which focused on women's lives. These were gathered regardless of the dates of production and release and genre. However, in order to understand more clearly views of women in North Korean music, an examination of the North Korean views of the arts based on "self-reliant" thought and the general characteristics of North Korean music is necessary. The characteristics of North Korean music can be summarized as follows: As culture and the arts are understood as a means to educate the people of the revolutionary spirit of communism, the functions of propaganda and agitation are regarded as important objectives of music. At the same time, this needs to be engaged with the sentiments among North Koreans and a musical style which complies with the peoples' life style, emotion, and aesthetic sense. However, there is an emphasis on the selection of only 'progressive' arts and the need to support national legacies for the future development and succession to the following generations. Rock'n'roll and jazz are considered bourgeois musical genres filled with deterioration and enjoyment and officially prohibited because western music is considered to weaken and violate revolutionary spirits. As the content rather than the format of pop-songs is thought to be more important, exact pronunciation in the delivery of the lyrics and uniform singing methods are required. According to this study, pop-songs of North Korea are produced and disseminated under the directions of the policy of music based on three elements, Party(Communist Party), class and populace. In the third section of this paper, womens images as represented in North Korean pop-songs are divided into those of 'loyal women,' 'waiting women,' 'women in love,' and 'women/femininity as parable and symbol' to critique the dichotomous vision of women. The analysis was focused on the lyrics collected by various means. The findings may be summarized as followed. First, the loyal women' swear their subordination and devotion to the father (Leader) as 'daughter' with utmost, extreme filial piety and loyalty. As 'filial piety' means loyalty to the Leader, the patriarchal relationship is extended to the relationship between the Leader and all women. Therefore the 'loyal women' deny their independent self-reliance with earnest and adoring attitudes toward him, which leave them in a most inferior status in vertical and hierarchical relationships with men (either the Leader or father). Second, the 'waiting women' are those who devote their life to take care of men "heros". This type of woman is idealized in her role of backing men and keeping the family while consoling their men in order that they may be able to exert their utmost ability to accomplish their revolutionary tasks. Formats which include such roles as 'men leaving' and "women maintaining" demonstrates the roles of women who are said to take charge of one wheel of the revolution, while in reality also being defined as an auxiliary of men by the typical sexual division of labor. Third, the 'women in love' type suggest sexual roles and ideal images of men and women through depictions of romantic relationships. Men are depicted as 'working hard', while women are shy and typically good virginal girls. In the process of being wooed "active men" seek out a dichotomously opposite "passive woman". In the act of expressing affection, role types such as "giving women" and "taking men" are considered natural. The behavior of "love" is actualized through women's self-sacrificing pleasure of being able to provide men with something obtained through their physical and emotional labor. The final type is women/femininity represented as parable and symbol through 'flowers' and the image of the 'mother'. Women/femininity as a parable does not directly indicate women's role, but it serves to preserve and spread traditional men-centered images of women. Women are defined as auxiliary and supplementary beings who as sexual objects for mens pleasure, are also mothers who give out unconditional love. The metaphor of women/femininity is also used to parallel the relationship between the Leader/Partys friendly image. Motherhood is utilized to praise the political system and gain propaganda affects. In conclusion, women's images as represented in popular songs in North Korea do not include women's independent consciousness and viewpoint beyond the relationships of the Leader/Party and/or men. In the simultaneous enactment of the roles of flower/wife and laborer, women in North Korea must endure dual status and a heavy burden of work. However, the conflict and inconsistencies caused by such a dual view of women are sealed by loyalty to the Party and the Leader, and womens role for reproduction is regarded as a part of social revolution, not understood as inequality between the genders. This is because the logic of the family line as the revolutionary line" justifies the dual views of women in North Korea politically and harmonizes with them. Accordingly, this research concludes that the propaganda which claims that women in North Korea have obtained womens liberation by becoming a part of the revolution and attaining labor classes status is grossly misleading, and far different to their everyday realities. The dualistic understandings of women and the dual labor roles which are demanded of women reveals the very partial and superficial improvement in womens real lives. Therefore, the status of North Korean women as revealed in the pop-songs of North Korea is not one obtained by womens autonomous demands, but policies that involve women in the maintenance of the status quo.

LLCE법에 의한 천연산 은어의 휘발성 향기성분 분석

김훈,조우진,안준석,조두희,김지혜,차용준 창원대학교 생활과학연구소 2003 생활과학연구 Vol.- No.7

The volatile compounds in natural sweet smelt were analyzed by liquid liquid continuous extraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (LLCE/GC/MS) methods. A total of 64 compounds were detected in sample, and these were mainly composed of lipid oxidative compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, acids and hydrocarbons besides terpens and aromatic compounds. Among these, 9-carbon compounds including (E)-2-nonenal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal and (E,Z)-3,6-nonadien-1-ol were suspected to have a key role on odor of natural sweet smelt because these compounds have low odor threshold and water melon-like and melon-like odor, characteristic odor in sweet smelt.

『독립정신(1904)』에 나타난 이승만의 대학독립방안 연구 : 백성의 교화를 중심으로

차남희,김지혜 이화여자대학교 2005 사회과학연구논총 Vol.14 No.-

이 논문은 구한말 이승만이 『독립정신(1904)』에서 주장한 대한독립방안의 내용과 의미를 분석한 것 이다. 『독립정신』에서 이승만은 대한의 독립을 위하여 무엇보다도 '독립정신'을 강조하고 있다. 이는 곧 종교를 통한 정치변혁이며 구체적으로는 기독교를 통한 민주주의의 구현이었다. 개혁운동의 실패를 통해 정치활동만으로 국가를 바꿀 수 없다고 여긴 이승만은 '백성의 (종)교화'를 통해 문제의 근본부터 새롭게 하고자 했다. 그에게 있어 종교란 '정치, 문명, 개화, 학문, 지식, 풍속'의 뿌리였고 국가의 근간을 이루는 원리였다. 그러므로 이승만이 조선의 몰락 원인을 유교에서 찾았으며, 유교를 대체할 새로운 종교를 필요로 했음은 당연한 일이었다. 그리고 그 대안을 '변혁과 평등, 이타심'의 종교인 기독교에서 찾았다. 이러한 '독립정신(기독교)' 을 통해 이승만이 궁극적으로 추구한 국가상은 미국과 같은 최강대국 · 선진문명국이었다. 이승만은 기독교(신교)를 미국의 설립이념이자 미국정신으로 보고, 기독교를 통해 대한제국을 미국과 같은 국가로 만들고자 했다. This article aims to analyze He contents and meaning of Korean independence which was advocated by Syngman Rhee in 'The Spirit of Independence(1904)' (hereafter The Spirit)in Taehan Empire, In the book written when he was in jail in Seoul as a political prisoner, Syngman Rhee emphasizes the true spirit of independence which he wishes to embed in the minds of the Korean people. The purpose of The spirit was to awaken benighted common people of the 'Hermit Kingdom', leading them to the realities of the modem world and transforming Korea into a powerful, prosperous country. This meant political reform through the medium of religion and more specifically through the realization of democracy by means of Christianity. Witnessing the failure of reform movement, Rhee believed that political activities alone cannot change the nation, thus trying to settle the fundamental problem through the 'enlightenment of the people'. For him, religion meant the bottom of 'politics, civilization, enlightenment, knowledge and customs' as well as the principle of the nation's foundation. In this regard, it seems only natural that Rhee found the reason for collapse of the Chosen Dynasty in the religion of nee-Confucianism and so needed a new one which can substitute it. On his mind was Christianity, the religion of 'freedom, equality, altruism and democracy'. In other words, he wanted to change the driving force of Korea from Confucianism to Christianity. The ideal portrait of a nation he ultimately pursued through The Spirit was a strong, prosperous, civilized country as the United States. Regarding Christianity as the principle and the spirit of the foundation of the United States, he tried to transform Korea into an Americanized nation.