비열등성 시험에서 위치 방법에 기초한 표본 수 결정

김지연,김동재,Kim, Jiyeon,Kim, Dongjae 한국데이터정보과학회 2013 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.24 No.6

임상시험에서 적당한 크기의 표본 수 결정은 통계적으로 유의한 연구결과의 도출과 연구수행의 효율적인 비용을 산출하기 위해서 중요한 사항 중의 하나이다. 기존의 비열등성 시험에서 표본 수 계산방법에는 t 검정법을 이용한 모수적 방법이 있고, Wilcoxon 순위합 검정을 이용하여 Wang 등 (2003)이 제안한 표본 수 계산방법을 Kim과 Kim (2007)이 비열등성 시험에 확장시켜 적용하여 제시한 비모수적 방법이 있다. 본 논문에서는 Orban과 Wolfe (1982)가 제안한 선형위치통계량의 검정법에 Kim (1994)이 계산한 검정력의 결과를 이용한 표본 수 계산 방법을 제안하고, 그에 따른 표본 수 계산결과를 기존에 제시된 표본 수 계산 결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과 기존의 방법들보다 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법으로 계산한 경우의 표본 수가 가장 작게 나왔다. 따라서 모집단에 대해서 구체적인 분포함수를 가정하기 힘든 경우 모수적 방법을 이용하게 되면 검정력이 떨어지거나 유의수준을 제어하지 못하는 문제점을 보완하고, 모수적 방법에 비해 표본 수가 크게 나와 시간이나 비용 면에서 효율적이지 않았던 Wilcoxon 순위합 검정을 이용한 방법의 단점을 보완할 수 있는 방법으로 본 논문에서 제시한 위치 (placement)를 이용한 표본 수 계산이 이용될 수 있다. In clinical research, sample size determination is one of the most important things. There are parametric method using t-test and non-parametric method suggested by Kim and Kim (2007) based on Wilcoxon's rank sum test for determining sample size in non-inferiority trials. In this paper, we propose sample size calculation method based on placements method suggested by Orban and Wolfe (1982) and using the power calculated by Kim (1994) in non-inferiority trials. We also compare proposed sample size with that using Kim and Kim (2007)'s formula and that of t-test for parametric methods. As the result, sample size calculated by proposed method based on placements is the smallest. Therefore, proposed method based on placements is better than parametric methods in case that it's hard to assume specific distribution function for population and also more efficient in terms of time and cost than method based on Wilcoxon's rank sum test.

VoIP 스팸 콜 탐지를 위한 음성신호의 DEVS 모델링 및 시뮬레이션

김지연,김형종,조영덕,김환국,원유재,김명주,Kim, Ji-Yeon,Kim, Hyung-Jong,Cho, Young-Duk,Kim, Hwan-Kuk,Won, Yoo-Jae,Kim, Myuhng-Joo 한국시뮬레이션학회 2007 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.16 No.3

VoIP 서비스 품질이 개선되고 많은 문제점들이 극복되면서 이에 대한 사용자들의 관심이 높아지고 있다. VoIP는 인스턴트 메시징 서비스 등 사용자들의 편익을 위한 서비스를 제공하고 있지만 비용 및 보안 문제는 사용자들의 이러한 서비스 사용을 주저하게 만들고 있다. 본 논문은 이와 같은 문제 중 하나인 VoIP 스팸 문제를 다루고자 한다. 스팸 콜에서의 음성 메시지 신호 패턴을 고려하여 정상 콜과 Noise가 포함된 정상 콜, 스팸 콜 이 세 가지 음성 모델을 설계하고, 논문에서 제시하는 음성 신호 정보량 기반의 스팸 탐지 알고리즘에 적용해 보았다. 각 모델의 모델링 및 시뮬레이션은 DEVS-$Java^{TM}$를 이용하였다. 본 연구는 스팸 콜 음성 신호를 탐지하기 위한 방법을 제시하고 이를 모델링 및 시뮬레이션 방법론을 통해 검증하는 것에 기여점을 둘 수 있다. As the VoIP service quality is getting better and many shortcomings are being overcome, users are getting interested in this service. Also, there are several additional features that provide a convenience to users such as presence service, instant messaging service and so on. But, as there are always two sides of rein, some security issues have users hesitate to make use of it. This paper deals with one of the issues, the VoIP spam problem. We took into account the signal pattern of voice message in spam call and we have constructed voice signal models of normal call, normal call with noise and spam call. Each voice signal case is inserted into our spam decision algorithm which detects the spam calls based on the amount of information in the call signal. We made use of the DEVS-$Java^{TM}$ for our modeling and simulation. The contribution of this work is in suggestion of a way to detect voice spam call signal and testing of the method using modeling and simulation methodology.

‘청소년시’에 나타난 에코페미니즘 표현 양상 - 김선우의 청소년 시집을 중심으로 -

김지연 ( Kim Ji-yeon ) 배달말학회 2021 배달말 Vol.68 No.-

청소년 문학이 아동문학과 성인문학의 사이에 자리하기 시작한 이후, 청소년 문학의 하위 장르인 ‘청소년시’는 그 의미 영역을 확장하고 있다. 청소년 문학은 성인담론과 달리 청소년의 성장에 관심을 보이며 청소년의 세계 경험의 과정을 중시한다. 이 글에서는 김선우의 ‘청소년시’를 통해 청소년시의 서정성에 내포된 정치성을 살펴보고자 한다. 그의 서정성은 에코페미니즘 담론을 내포하고 있으며 구체적으로는 여성성과 남성성으로 대립하는 것이 아닌 상생의 의미를 담고 있다. 김선우 청소년시가 담고 있는 의미는 생명존중을 바탕으로 한 청소년의 자아 정체성 찾기와 모성성을 바탕으로 한 상생의 관계 맺기로 정리할 수 있다. 여성성과 남성성으로 나뉘어 대립하는 것이 아닌 한 개인이 다성성을 가지고 있다고 보고 남성중심적이었던 과거의 젠더 규범을 넘어 생명 존중과 자아존중으로 나아가야 함을 청소년의 목소리로 표현하고 있다. 그의 시는 ‘청소년시’의 서정성을 개인적인 서정을 넘어 정치적 서정성의 영역으로의 확장을 보여주고 있다. After youth literature began to take a place between children’s and adult literature, ‘Youth Poetry’, a sub-genre of youth literature, has expanded its meaning. Unlike adult discourse, youth literature presents interest in the growth of youth and emphasizes the process of youth's world experience. This study examined the politics reflected in the lyricism of youth poetry through ‘Adolescents poems’ by Sun-woo Kim. His lyricism reveals eco-feminist discourse, and specifically contains the coexistence of femininity and masculinity rather than their conflict. The significant meaning of Sun-woo Kim’s youth poetry is finding youth’s self-identity based on respect for life and establishing coexistence relationship based on maternity. The voices of youth express the need to go beyond the male-centered gender norms of the past and move toward respect for life and self-respect,considering that an individual has polysexuality rather than being divided into femininity and masculinity. His poetry presents the expansion of the lyricism of ‘Adolescents Poems’ into the realm of political lyricism beyond personal lyricism.

높은 기저 난포 자극 호르몬 수치를 가지는 환자와 고령 환자의 체외수정시술을 위한 과배란 유도에서 GnRH antagonist 다회 투여법과 GnRH agonist 장기요법의 효용성에 대한 연구

김지연,김낙근,윤태기,차선희,김유신,원형재,조정현,차수경,정미경,최동희,Kim, JY,Kim, NK,Yoon, TK,Cha, SH,Kim, YS,Won, HJ,Cho, JH,Cha, SK,Chung, MK,Choi, DH 대한생식의학회 2005 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.32 No.4

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of GnRH antagonist multiple dose protocol (MDP) with that of GnRH agonist long protocol (LP) in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization in patients with high basal FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) level or old age, a retrospective analysis was done. Methods: Two hundred ninety four infertile women (328 cycles) who were older than 41 years of age or had elevated basal FSH level (> 8.5 mIU/mL) were enrolled in this study. The patients had undergone IVF-ET after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation using GnRH antagonist multiple dose protocol (n=108, 118 cycles) or GnRH agonist long protocol (n=186, 210 cycles). The main outcome measurements were cycle cancellation rate, consumption of gonadotropins, the number of follicles recruited and total oocytes retrieved. The number of fertilized oocytes and transferred embryos, the clinical pregnancy rates, and the implantation rates were also reviewed. And enrolled patients were divided into three groups according to their age and basal FSH levels; Group A - those who were older than 41 years of age, Group B - those with elevated basal FSH level (> 8.5 mIU/mL) and Group C - those who were older than 41 years of age and with elevated basal FSH level (> 8.5 mIU/mL). Poor responders were classified as patients who had less than 4 retrieved oocytes, or those with $E_2$ level <500 pg/mL on the day of hCG injection or those who required more than 45 ampules of exogenous gonadotropin for stimulation. Results: The cancellation rate was lower in the GnRH antagonist group than in GnRH agonist group, but not statistically significant (6.8% vs. 9.5%, p=NS). The amount of used gonadotropins was significantly lower in GnRH antagonist group than in agonist group ($34.8{\pm}11.3$ ampules vs. $44.1{\pm}13.4$ ampules, p<0.001). The number of follicles > 14 mm in diameter was significantly higher in agonist group than in antagonist group ($6.7{\pm}4.6$ vs. $5.0{\pm}3.4$, p<0.01). But, there were no significant differences in clinical pregnancy rate (24.5% in antagonist group vs. 27.4% in agonist group, p=NS) and implantation rate (11.4% in antagonist group vs. 12.0% in agonist group, p=NS) between two groups. Mean number of retrieved oocytes was significantly higher in GnRH agonist LP group than in GnRH antagonist MDP group ($5.4{\pm}3.5$ vs. $6.6{\pm}5.0$, p<0.0001). But, the number of mature and fertilized oocytes, and the number of good quality (grade I and II) and transferred embryos were not different between two groups. In each group A, B, and C, the rate of poor response did not differ according to stimulation protocols. Conclusions: In conclusion, for infertile women expected poor ovarian response such as who are old age or has elevated basal FSH level, a protocol including a controlled ovarian hyperstimulation using GnRH antagonist appears at least as effective as that using a GnRH agonist, and may offer the advantage of reducing gonadotropin consumption and treatment period. However, much work remains to be done in optimizing the GnRH antagonist protocols and individualizing these to different cycle characteristics.

Two cases of late-onset cardiovascular toxicities after a single injection of local anesthetics during supraclavicular brachial plexus block - A report of two cases -

김지연,Park Beom Il,Heo Min Hee,Kim Kyoung Woo,Lee Sang-Il,Kim Kyung-Tae,Choe Won Joo,Park Jang Su,Kim Jun Hyun 대한마취통증의학회 2022 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.17 No.2

Background: Local anesthetics systemic toxicity (LAST) is a grave complication of regional anesthesia that usually occurs immediately after local anesthetics injection. Here, we report on rare late-onset toxicity cases after supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks.Case: Two patients underwent surgery for radius fractures. We used lidocaine 100 mg and ropivacaine 150 mg for blocking and infused dexmedetomidine for intraoperative sedation. The 63-year-old male patient’s blood pressure dropped to 87/60 mmHg after 3 h 15 min after blocking. Ventricular fibrillation occurred 10 min later. After five defibrillations, electrocardiography showed ventricular tachycardia that was normalized through one cardioversion. The 54-year-old female patient’s heart rate decreased to 35 beats/min 2 h 30 min after blocking. Her vital signs returned to normal after administering atropine, ephedrine, epinephrine, and lipid emulsion.Conclusions: Physicians should remember that LAST may occur long after local anesthetic injection and be aware of factors that may adversely affect the course of LAST.

한국 현대시의 아이러니와 시적 내면의 심층화에 관한 연구

김지연(Kim Ji-Yeon) 한국문학회 2004 韓國文學論叢 Vol.38 No.-

The poetry has the power to leverage its literary meaning of the reality with the imagination. The literary meaning of the poetry can be interpreted and understood in different ways so that it contains a variety of meanings, especially when the meaning is exaggerated intentionally. Under this assumption, I have tried to re-interpret and analyze in depth poetries further based on the methodology of the irony. The study has approached self-identity, under the assumption that it is likely to be same as the reason of the being, to understand the inner thoughts of the identity. This study has interpreted and evaluated the works based on the loss of self-identity, investigation of the unconsciousness, and recovery of self-identity as well as its opposition. In a chapter of how to understand the loss of the self-identity and investigation of the unconsciousness, I used two poets <A cat with blue fur> by Seok-woo, Hwang and <A picture in the eye of a crow - The 15th> by Sang, Lee. With <A cat with blue fur>, I analyzed the poet in a way of the exodus of the body and the conflict of the consensus. With <A picture in the eye of a crow - The 15th>, I analyzed the poet in a way of the aggressive dissolution between the reality and the dream and the aspect of how to deal with the destructive remedy. In a chapter of how to understand recovery of self-identity and its opposition, I used two poets - <A butterfly and a Square> by Gyu-dong, Kim and <Enormous Roots> by Soo-young, Kim. With <A butterfly and a Square>, I analyzed the poet to a butterfly who aspires to fly. With <Enormous Roots>, I interpreted it to the status of lightness that roots it with the love. In conclusion, I believe that this study has contributed to re-interpreting and re-valuating Korean contemporary poetry based on the methodology of the irony.

최대교두감합위 및 하악 전방운동 시의 교합접촉 및 교합유도 양상에 관한 분석

김지연,김강현,노관태,김형섭,우이형,배아란,Kim, Jiyeon,Kim, Kang-Hyun,Noh, Kwantae,Kim, Hyeong-Seob,Woo, Yi-Hyung,Pae, Ahran 대한치과보철학회 2013 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.51 No.3

연구 목적: 저작 및 하악 운동시 발생되는 치아접촉은 치열의 보존, 하악의 안정과 보철 수복과정에 있어서 중요하다. 이에 한국인의 20-30대 성인을 대상으로 최대교두감합위에서의 치아접촉점의 위치 및 교합유도양상과 교합유도치의 분포를 분석하여 알아보고자 한다. 연구 대상 및 방법: 29명의 성인을 대상으로 하악의 최대교두감합위에서의 치아접촉점의 위치와 분포 및 전방운동시 교합접촉양상을 shimstock foil (Whaledent, Langenau, Germany), T-Scan III (Tekscan Inc., Boston, MA, USA), polyvinylsiloxane registration material (Genie Bite, Sultan Healthcare, Hackensack, NJ, USA)을 이용하여 측정하였다. 측정시 자세는 직립위로 Frankfurt horizontal plane과 지면이 수평이 되도록 앉게 하였으며 접촉이 재현될 때까지 수 차례 반복한 후 3회씩 측정하였다. 최대교두감합위에서 세가지 방법 간의 통계적 유의성을 비교하기 Fisher's Exact Test (R-General Public License, ver. 2.14.1)를 이용하였고, 전방 운동시 Pearson's Test를 통해 통계 검증하였다(${\alpha}=.05$). 결과: 최대교두감합위에서의 치아 접촉 양상을 shimstock foil, T-Scan III, polyvinylsiloxane registration material로 측정시 전치부, 소구치부, 구치부 모두에서 접촉하는 경우가 대부분이었으며, shimstock 사용시 약51%의 최대교두감합위는 전치부 접촉에서 일어났다. Shimstock foil과 T-Scan III를 사용하여 전방운동 측정시 중절치의 접촉이 가장 많이 일어났다. 결론: 최대교두감합위에서 실제 모든 치아의 접촉이 이루어지지 않는 경우가 있었으며 따라서 구치부에서 전치부를 보호해 주고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 전방운동 시 전치부의 치아접촉은 과도한 구치부의 치아접촉을 방지해 전치부가 구치부를 보호해 주고 있었다. 따라서 교합 재구성 시에는 이러한 상호 보호 교합에 대한 고려가 필요하다. Purpose: The importance of occlusal contacts of the natural dentition for durability of teeth, mandibular stabilization, and restorative dentistry is well known. The purpose of this study is to analyze the occlusal contact and guidance pattern of Koreans by evaluating the static occlusion on maximal intercuspal position and measuring dynamic occlusion during straight protrusion. Materials and methods: The occlusal contacts at maximal interincisal position and the occlusal guidance pattern during straight protrusion of 29 subjects were recorded with shimstock foil (Whaledent, Langenau, Germany), T-Scan III (Tekscan Inc., Boston, MA, USA), polyvinylsiloxane registration material (Genie Bite, Sultan Healthcare, Hackensack, NJ, USA) and compared. Occlusal registration procedures were repeated 3 times. The position was fixed to an upright position and the head position was fixed with the Frankfurt horizontal plane paralleling the horizontal plane. Fisher's Exact Test (R-General Public License, ver. 2.14.1) and Pearson's Test were used to assess the significance level of the differences between the experimental groups (${\alpha}=.05$). Results: When using shimstock foil, T-Scan III system, and polyvinylsiloxane registration material, most of the patients showed contact on anterior, premolar, and molar teeth during maximal intercuspal position. Approximately 51% of maximal intercuspal position showed anterior contact using shimstock foil. When examining the protrusive movement using shimstock foil and T-Scan III system, guidance pattern with the central incisor was the most common. Conclusion: During maximal intercuspal position, there were cases in which not all of the teeth showed occlusal contact. During mandibular protrusive movements, one or more maxillary central incisors frequently joined in straight protrusion and the posterior teeth were disoccluded. Therefore, the anterior teeth protect the posterior teeth, and vice versa. Thus, mutually protected occlusion should be applied when reconstructing occlusion.

정비구역 해제 후 주거환경 변화 양상에 관한 연구 - 대구광역시를 중심으로 -

김지연,이상홍,김영화,Kim, Ji-Yeon,Lee, Sang-Hong,Kim, Young-Hwa 한국주거학회 2016 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.27 No.1

Under the guise of a residential environment improvement, distendedly designated Pre-Housing Renewal districts and Renewal Districts by Basic Plan for Renewal Projects are not promoted and leaved for a long-term so that residential problems have become worse. In case of the canceled Housing Renewal district, at the time when the district are canceled, the residential environment has become already superannuated for more than 10 years but there is no follow-up plan to manage that problem so that the exact management plan for those neglected districts is urgently needed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the aspect of change of residential environment after the cancellation and indicate appearing problems by conducting on the case of Canceled districts of Daegu Housing Renewal District. This study will be the first step to seek practical management measures for canceled districts, and on the basis of this, the research will become a precedent to seek the sustainable planning measures for the designation and management of Renewal Projects from now on.

사이버 물리 시스템을 위한 실시간 시뮬레이션 기술 개발

김지연,김형종,강성주,Kim, Jiyeon,Kim, Hyung-Jong,Kang, Sungjoo 한국시뮬레이션학회 2014 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.23 No.4

사이버 물리 시스템(cyber-physical system, CPS) 환경에서는 이기종의 물리 시스템과 연산 장치들이 대규모로 구축되기 때문에 사전에 시뮬레이션을 통해 시스템의 동작을 검증하는 것이 필요하다. CPS 시뮬레이션의 기술적 이슈 중 하나는 시간 동기화 문제이다. CPS 환경에서는 분산 시스템 간의 실시간 제어가 요구되기 때문에 모델의 복잡도가 높을 경우, 다른 모델과의 시간 오차로 인해 잘못된 데이터 및 제어 명령을 전송할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 연속 시간 시스템 속성과 이산사건 시스템 속성을 모두 가지는 CPS 하이브리드 모델에 대하여 시간 동기화 알고리즘을 제시하고, 이를 탑재한 CPS 시뮬레이터를 개발한다. 또한, 시스템 간의 상호작용 뿐 아니라, 하드웨어를 통한 사용자 제어를 고려하여 CPS 시뮬레이션을 수행함으로써 제안된 알고리즘 및 시뮬레이터의 실행을 검증한다. Heterogeneous physical systems and computational devices are incorporated on a large-scale in a CPS (cyber-physical system) environment. Simulations can be useful for the reliable behaviors of CPSs. Time synchronization is one of major technical issues for the simulations. In the CPS, distributed systems control themselves by interacting with each other during runtime. When some simulation models have high complexity, wrong control commands as well as incorrect data can be exchanged due to the time error. We propose a time synchronization algorithm for the hybrid model that has characteristics of both continuous time systems and discrete event systems. In addition, we develop a CPS simulator based on our algorithm. For the verification of the algorithm and the execution of the simulator, we develop an example hybrid model and simulate considering user controls as well as interactions among the distributed systems.

Thermal Property Measurement of Swine Atrium

김지연,Oh, Jung-Hwan,Kim, Jee-Hyun 대한의용생체공학회 2008 의공학회지 Vol.29 No.5

Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity were measured in the atrium of a swine heart. Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation in an atrium has rapidly emerged at the treatment of symptomatic reentrant arrhythmia associated with accessory pathway or Atrioventricular (AV) node conduction. The thermal properties of an atrium are definitely necessary for these treatments because, in thermal treatments, conductivity and diffusivity are significant factors in the relationship between the applied RF power and the resulting atrium temperature rise. Thermal properties were measured using a self-heated thermistor probe. Thermistor probes were inserted into the tissue of interest and were used to supply heat within the tissue as well as to monitor the temperature rise in the tissue. The measurements were performed at temperatures of 25, 37, $50^{\circ}C$. Atrium thermal conductivity ranged from 5.17$\pm$0.12 mW/cm$^{\circ}C$ at $25^{\circ}C$ to 5.33$\pm$0.08 mW/cm$^{\circ}C$ at $37^{\circ}C$. Atrium thermal diffusivity ranged from 0.00132$\pm$0.00007$cm^2$/sec at $25^{\circ}C$ to 0.00138$\pm$0.00003 $cm^2$/sec at $50^{\circ}C$. This paper also present the thermal property comparison of both chambers of a heart (ventricle and atria).