합리적 국방획득체계 구축을 위한 방안

김종하,Kim, Jong-Ha 한국국방경영분석학회 2009 한국국방경영분석학회지 Vol.35 No.2

This paper examines several inefficient problems generated from a management process of defense acquisition system, and suggests several alternatives to remedy the current acquisition-related problems. This might help MND to reform the current DAPA's acquisition system. The offered elements are to, first, redefine function of mid-term plan & budget allocation between MND and DAPA, second, devise economic acquisition management and force development to build integrated management system of requirement-acquisition-operation & maintenance, third, build Workforce Management Act(WMA) and Professional Education System(PES) for strengthening expertise and institutionalizing manpower rotation of requirements & acquisition-related fields, fourth, implement weapon systems' Total Life Cycle Systems Management(TLCSM) and improve developmental & operational test and evaluation. These are essential elements in minimizing confusion & conflict emanating from surrounding acquisition program among MND-DAPA-Each Services. 본 논문은 방위사업청 개칭이후 국방획득체계 운영과정에서 드러난 몇 가지 비효율적인 문제점을 분석하고, 이를 개선하는데 필요한 방안을 모색하는데 있다. 이것은 앞으로 국방부가 획득체계를 개선할 시 참고자료로 활용하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 제시된 방안들은 첫째, 국방부와 방위사업청간 중기계획 및 예산편성에 관한 기능을 재정립해야 한다. 둘째,소요-획득-운영유지의 통합관리체계 구축을 통해 경제적 획득관리 및 전력발전을 도모해야 한다. 셋째, 소요-획득분야 인력순환(순환근무)을 제도화하고, 획득인력의 전문성 강화를 위해 인력관리법 및 전문교육체계를 구축해야 한다. 그리고 넷째, 무기체계 '총수명주기체계관리'를 시행하고, 방위사업청 주도의 개발 및 운용시험평가 방식을 개선해야 한다. 이것은 국방부-방위사업청-각 군 간 획득사업을 둘러싸고 파생되는 업무혼선과 갈등을 최소화하는데 있어 필수적인 요소들이다.

연구논문 : Cu 첨가 극저탄소강의 시효경화 및 집합조직 발달 거동

김종하,이후철 ( Jong Ha Kim,Hu Chul Lee ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 1991 재료.물성 심포지엄 Vol.- No.-

IPA 매트릭스를 활용한 모바일 쇼핑몰 선택속성에 관한 연구

김종하,김경희,Kim, Jong-ha,Kim, Kyung-hee 한국정보통신학회 2016 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.20 No.12

본 연구는 최근 급성장하고 있는 모바일 쇼핑시장에서 향후 전략적 마케팅시사점을 얻고자 대학생들을 대상으로 IPA매트릭스를 활용하여 분석하였다. 모바일 쇼핑몰 선택속성에 대한 IPA분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 21개 속성 중 '제공되는 제품의 신뢰성(6.09)'이 중요도가 가장 높게 나타났으며, '대금결제의 편리성(5.29)'이 수행도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 유지 강화가 필요한 영역(Doing great, Keep it up)에는 '대금결제의 편리성', '제공되는 제품의 신뢰성' 등 11개 속성 등이 포함되었다. 셋째, 불만족 영역(Focus here)으로서 시정노력이 필요한 속성으로는 '교환이나 반품처리 및 A/S 등을 위한 대기시간 단축'이 해당되었다. 넷째, 중요도와 수행도 모두 낮은 영역(Low Priority)에는 '푸시/알림이 구매에 도움' 등 3개 속성이 해당되었다. 다섯째, 과잉노력지양 영역(Overdone)에는 '제품종류가 다양' 등 4개 속성이 해당되었다. This study conducted an analysis using IPA metrics targeting college students to get strategic implications for marketing in the recently fast-growing mobile shopping market. The IPA analysis result about the selection of mobile shopping malls is as follows. First, out of the 21 features, 'reliability of the offered products(6.09)' had the highest level of importance and 'convenience of payment(5.29)' had the highest level of performance. Second, in the area of 'Doing great, Keep it up' 11 features were included such as 'convenience of payment' and 'reliability of the offered products'. Third, the feature that needed to be corrected in the area of 'Focus here' was 'shortening the waiting time for exchange, refund or warranty service'. Fourth, low priority areas in terms of importance and performance, there were 3 features including 'push/notification helps purchases'. Fifth, to the area of 'overdone' 4 features belonged such as 'variety in the type of products'.

성장 중인 흰쥐 악관절의 basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) 분포에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

김종하,이상철,Kim, Jong-Ha,Lee, Sang-Chull 대한구강악안면외과학회 2001 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.27 No.1

This study was designed to localize the distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) in the developing rat condylar region and to elucidate the associated function of bFGF in the condyle development. The condyles of temporomandibular joint of Sprague-Dawley rats (27g of weight) were used. The tissues were examined with electron microscope and immunohistochemical method. The results were as follows: 1. The developing condylar region are divided in to 5 zones apparently: proliferative, maturation, hypertrophic, calcifying, and ossification zones. 2. The cells in the proliferative zone are condensed and have under-developed cell organells in the cytoplasm. This zone shows a strong immunoreactivity of bFGF. 3. The cells in the maturation zone are typical chondroblasts showing well-developed cell organells and round nucleus. The cartilaginous matrix does not show the immunoreactivity of bFGF, while the chondroblasts show the immunoreactivity. 4. The cells in the hypertrophic zone show hypertrophic change having the degenerated cell organelles and small nucleus. There are no immunoreactivity of bFGF in this zone except the nucleus and endoplasmic region showing mild immunoreactivity. 5, The cells in the calcifying zone show hypertrophic change and cell organelles are disappeared. The cells are surrounded by the calcified cartilaginous matrix. There are no immunoreactivity of bFGF in this zone except the endoplasmic region showing mild immunoreactivity. 6. In the zone of bone formation, chondroblasts are disappeared. Newly differentiated osteoblasts secreting osteoid around the calcified cartilaginous matrix. The bone marrow shows the immunoreactivity of bFGF, while the bone matrix does not show the immunoreactivity of bFGF.

상표등록을 통한 CI컬러 보호가능성

김종하 ( Jong Ha Kim ) 서경대학교 디자인연구소 2022 디자인 이노베이션 연구 Vol.8 No.0

기업은 브랜드를 성장시키기 위한 방법으로 자기들만의 CI컬러를 정하여 여러 홍보수단에 활용하고 있다. 브랜드는 인지도를 높이고 특정한 이미지를 형성하기 위해 CI컬러를 활용하며, CI컬러는 브랜드만의 개성이 담겨있다. 따라서 CI컬러는 기업이 다른 기업과 구분하기 위해서 사용하는 상표와 유사한 점이 존재한다. 하지만 상표법에서 제시하는 색채만으로 된 상표의 개념을 검토했을 때, CI컬러를 상표법에서 이야기하는 상표로 포섭할 수는 없다. 현행법상 상표는 상품과 서비스와 직접적으로 연관을 짓고 있어야 하지만, CI컬러는 상품이나 서비스가 아닌 브랜드 자체를 표현하는 것이기 때문에 이를 상표로 볼 수는 없다. CI컬러를 법적으로 더 효과적으로 보호하는 방법으로 디자인보호법이나 부정경쟁방지법을 적용하는 것이 존재하기 때문에 요건에 부합하지 않으면서까지 CI컬러를 상표로 인정할 필요가 크지 않다. 이러한 점에서 상표등록제도를 활용해서 CI컬러를 보호할 필요가 높지 않은 것으로 보인다. Companies set their own CI colors as a way to grow the brand and they use it for various promotional means. Brands use CI colors to increase awareness and form a specific image. It means CI colors contain the brand's own personality. Therefore, CI color is similar to the trademark used by an enterprise to distinguish it from other enterprise. However, when examining the concept of a trademark with only colors presented in the Trademark Act, CI color cannot be included as a trademark referred to in the Trademark Act. Under the current law, trademarks should be directly related to goods and services, but CI colors cannot be viewed as trademarks because they represent the brand itself, not the product or service. Since it is possible to apply the Design Protection Act or the Unfair Competition Prevention Act as a way to legally protect CI colors more effectively, it is not necessary to recognize CI colors as trademarks. In this respect, it seems that there is no high need to protect CI color by using the trademark registration system.

상업공간의 회전구간에 나타난 성별 주시특성

김종하(Kim, Jong-ha),박선명(Park, Sun-myung) 한국실내디자인학회 2020 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.29 No.2

This study is about visual and perceptual activities that happen in nodes of commercial spaces and aims to analyze ‘what to see (selection), how often to see (interest) and how long to see (immersion)’ by observing the process in which the gazes of consumers moved in nodes of commercial spaces using an eye-tracking system. The analysis targeted four rotation sections and the result of the time and frequency analysis on gender observation characteristics showed that males had a higher level of immersion than females overall. Also, there were differences in eye movement characteristics between males and females. Females moved their eyes to acquire information of goods, while males did it to acquire information of spaces. This study compared the center of shops for males together and thus failed to analyze display and spatial characteristics revealed in real shop differences. However, this study analyzed visual and perceptual characteristics of spaces overcoming the limitation of the existing studies by looking into gender observation characteristics in commercial spaces depending on node movements among consumers. Moreover, it is considered that this study can provide more qualified data regarding the importance of goods display characteristics in nodes and in terms of commercial space design, this study is useful as basic data.

부석사 주변의 전통경관 보전을 위한 경관규제도 작성에 관한 연구

김종하(Kim Jong-Ha) 대한건축학회 2008 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.24 No.4

This study was carried out to examine the establishment of the system, which topographical data was used, as a simulation model necessary for discovering the spot with a good view and preparing and the Regulation System for Scenery Protection. The findings found in this research are as follow; 1) The spot with the best view and scenery to be protected has been chosen by analyzing the scenery of each spot within the Buseok-Temple, considering the movement line. It seems that there are not many restful spaces along the traveling route and some elements such as slope-ways and stairs that can obstruct the fine view in the Buseok-Temple. However, this temple contains a great potential to make the view more changeable, variegated, exciting and attractive. 2) In the topographical data used for the analysis of visibility, there is only just ignorable problem when the lattice’s space (interval) is in a short distance. However, in 2~7km distance, the visible rage significantly varies depending on the lattice’s space. It has been found that the most desirable interval of the lattice is Max 20m. 3) A 3D simulation model of the viewed scenery has been prepared as the Regulation System for Scenery Protection in order to analyze the visible rage of scenery. The changes of the scenery extent has been figured out by adding other elements such as trees including the configuration of the ground. Trees usually obstruct the visible range. The higher the trees are, the more the visible range decreases. 4) The visible range at the viewing spot has been analyzed to be protected by discovering the spot with the finest view and by using 3D data. Based on the visible range, the foundational data to be used as the resources for the development of the Regulation System for Scenery Protection have been made/suggested. 5) The natural view can be improved by our efforts while historical view of cultural assets is inherited from our ancestor and it can not be changed. In this study, the methods to control the scenery to be protected and its area have been developed. In the present, other researchers usually focus on the area to be protected for the Scenery Protection of historical resources. However, in this study, a different approaching view of Scenery Protection method is offered by presenting a protection method focused on the view.

공유수면매립면허의 감정평가 기준에 대한 검토 : 새만금개발사업을 중심으로

김종하(Kim, Jong-Ha) 韓國土地公法學會 2015 土地公法硏究 Vol.68 No.-

공유수면매립사업에 대한 일반법은 공유수면법이다. 이에 대해서 특별법 성격인 새만금사업법은 사업의 특성상 공유수면 매립지 공급 및 소유권, 매립면허 양도 · 양수 등에 대하여 특례 규정을 두고 있다. 그러나 양법에서 매립면허 양도 · 양수 시 감정평가에 대해서는 규정하고 있지 않다. 따라서 매립면허에 대한 감정평가를 할 때에는 관련 법령을 종합적으로 판단하여 제반 사항을 고려한 감정평가가 이루어져야 한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 최근 공유수면매립면허 양도 · 양수와 관련하여 감정평가 기준에 대해서 논란이 있었던 새만금개발사업을 중심으로 매립면허 감정평가의 기준을 제시하고자 한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 공유수면매립사업에 대한 일반법인 공유수면법을 검토하고, 이를 토대로 새만금사업의 특성 및 새만금사업법에서 규정하고 있는 특례규정을 검토하였다. 본 논문의 사례로 선정한 새만금사업의 경우에는 원형지 공급이 가능하나, 원형지의 개념에 대해 특정하고 있지 않아 매립면허의 양도 · 양수가 사실상 원형지 공급, 즉 토지의 공급을 내포할 수 있다. 즉 새만금사업의 매립면허 양도 · 양수는 매립면허 자체의 이전 이외에 향후 발생되는 토지 소유권을 양도 · 양수하는 의미도 내포하고 있다. 따라서 매립면허의 양도 · 양수에 대한 평가는 특허권에 대한 권리 자체에 대한 평가 이외에 토지에 대한 평가도 고려하여야 한다. 매립면허에 대한 평가는 순수 공유수면에 대한 평가와 노출된 부지에 대한 평가로 구분하여 평가하되, 순수 공유수면은 역사적 원가방식, 노출된 부지는 변경전 매립목적을 기준으로 시장접근법을 적용하여야 한다고 판단하였다. The Public Waters Management and Reclamation Act is the governing law for public waters reclamation projects in general. The Special Act on Promotion of and Support for the Saemangeum Project is a special act of the said Act, which includes special case provisions governing supply and ownership of lands created by public waters reclamation, and transfer and acquisition of reclamation license. Neither Act, however, includes any provision on appraisal for transfer and acquisition of reclamation license. Therefore, appraisal of reclamation license needs to be conducted based on consideration of all matters and laws related. The Saemangeum Project, which this Study focuses on, involves supply of raw lands. However, since the project does not specify the concept of such raw lands, transfer and acquisition of reclamation license may include supply of raw lands. In other words, transfer and acquisition of reclamation license include transfer and acquisition of the ownership of lands in the future, as well as transfer and acquisition of the license itself. Therefore, appraisal of transfer and acquisition of reclamation license needs to be conducted based on consideration of the appraisal of the lands, as well as the appraisal of the license right itself. In light of the above, this Study concludes that appraisal of reclamation license should consist of appraisal of public waters and appraisal of the exposed sites, and the former should be conducted using the historic cost method, while the latter should be conducted using the market approach based on the original purpose of reclamation before change.

공간사용자의 본능적 시선탐색활동에 나타난 주사경로 알고리즘 특성

김종하 ( Jong Ha Kim ),김주연 ( Ju Yeon Kim ) 한국감성과학회 2014 감성과학 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구는 지하철 로비공간을 대상으로 한 주시실험을 통해 공간정보의 본능적 시선탐색과정에서 나타나는 주시특성에 나타난 주사경로 알고리즘을 분석하였다. 주시기간 구간별 분석에서 주시시간이 오래 경과할수록 주사유형 횟수가 증가하고 있었는데, 오래 주시할수록 주시단절이 많이 일어난 것으로 해석이 가능하며, 주시에 따른 피로나 활발한 탐색이 자연스러운 공간탐색과정에서 일어나는 과정에서 화상범위를 벗어나는 경우가 많았던 것으로 보인다. 또한 시간구간의 변화에 따른 주사유형의 변화를 추세선으로 살펴본 결과, 「집중」은 시간구간의 증가와 함께 가파른 증가, 「대각·수직」은 완만한 증가를 보이는 반면, 「순환·혼합·수평」은 감소 경향을 보이고 있다. 공간을 주시한 피험자의 주시데이터에는 다양한 시각정보가 포함되어 있는데, 「주의집중」에 나타난 주사유형을 분석한 결과, 이상과 같은 의미 있는 결론을 도출할 수 있었다. 이러한 주사유형의 증감특성은 시간의 경과에 따른 주사경향을 파악함에 있어 기초자료가 될 수 있다. This study has analyzed the scanning path algorithm shown at the process of exploring spatial information through an observation experiment with the object of lobby in subway station. In the estimation of observation time by section, the frequency of scanning type was found to increase as the observation time got longer, which makes it possible that the longer the observation lasts the more the observation interruptions occur. In addition, the observation slipped out of the range of imaging when any fatigue was caused from the observation or the more active exploration took place. Furthermore, when the trend line was employed for the examination of the changes to the scanning type by time section, “concentration” “diagonal or vertical” showed a sharp and a gentle increases along with the increase of time section respectively, while ‘circulation. combination, horizontal“ showed a reduction. The observation data of the subjects observing a space include various visual information. The analysis of the scanning type found at ”attention concentration“ enabled to draw this significant conclusion. The features of increase and decrease of scanning types can be a fundamental data for understanding the scanning tendency by time. Key words: Public space, Eye-tracking, Scanpath, Spatial navigation, Neuro Design, Primacy Effect

공간정보 탐색을 위한 의식적 시선 이동특성 추출 방법

김종하(Kim, Jong-Ha),정재영(Jung, Jae-Young) 한국실내디자인학회 2016 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.25 No.2

This study has estimated the traits of conscious eye moving with the objects of the halls of subway stations. For that estimation, the observation data from eye-tracking were matched with the experiment images, while an independent program was produced and utilized for the analysis of the eye moving in the selected sections, which could provide the ground for clarifying the traits of space-users’ eye moving. The outcomes can be defines as the followings. First, The application of the independently produced program provides the method for coding the great amount of observation data, which cut down a lot of analysis time for finding out the traits of conscious eye moving. Accordingly, the inclusion of eye’s intentionality in the method for extracting the characteristics of eye moving enabled the features of entrance and exit of particular objects with the course of observing time to be organized. Second, The examination of eye moving at each area surrounding the object factors showed that [out]→[in], which the line of sight is from the surround area to the objects, characteristically moved from the left-top(Area I) of the selected object to the object while [in]→[out], which is from the inside of the object to the outside, also moved to the left-top (Area I). Overall, there were much eye moving from the tops of right and left (Area I, II) to the object, but the eye moving to the outside was found to move to the left-top (Area I), the right-middle (Area IV) and the right-top (Area II). Third, In order to find if there was any intense eye-moving toward a particular factor, the dominant standards were presented for analysis, which showed that there was much eye-moving from the tops (Area I, II) to the sections of 1 and 2. While the eye-moving of [in] was [Ⅰ→A](23.0%), [Ⅰ→B](16.1%) and [Ⅱ→B](13.8%), that of [out] was [A→Ⅰ](14.8%), [B→Ⅰ](13.6%), [A→Ⅱ](11.4%), [B→Ⅳ](11.4%) and [B→Ⅱ](10.2%). Though the eye-moving toward objects took place in specific directions (areas), that (out) from the objects to the outside was found to be dispersed widely to different areas.